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Applied Management ResearchMSOP 642Assignment 6.1Scott Bohlin

Hello and welcome to Applied Management Research1

Research? What is it? Why do it? Scientist Fred Kerlinger defines research as a Systemic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena. The previous words describe characteristics of the scientific method (Ref. 1).Researcher P.V. Young however, defines research as a scientific undertaking which, by means of logical and systemic techniques, with aims to (Ref. 1):Discover new facts or verify and test of facts,Analyze their sequences, interrelationships and casual explanations,Develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories which would facilitate reliable and valid study of human behavior. This exhaustive all-inclusive definition specifies all the major aims of research, viz., discovery of new facts, verification and testing of old facts, analysis of interrelationships and casual explanations and development of new tools, concepts and theories.

Scientist Fred Kerlinger defines research as a Systemic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena. The previous words describe characteristics of the scientific method (Ref. 1).Researcher P.V. Young however, defines research as a scientific undertaking which, by means of logical and systemic techniques, with aims to (Ref. 1):Discover new facts or verify and test of facts,Analyze their sequences, interrelationships and casual explanations,Develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories which would facilitate reliable and valid study of human behavior. This exhaustive all-inclusive definition specifies all the major aims of research, viz., discovery of new facts, verification and testing of old facts, analysis of interrelationships and casual explanations and development of new tools, concepts and theories.

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ResearchThere are different types of research. Before beginning we must know which type we are going to conduct:Analytical study is where the researcher assumes that the actions taken as a result of the study will be on the process or causal system that produced the frame studied, rather than the initial frame itself. Applied research is to find a solution to the immediate problem faced by the society and its action oriented. Pure research is aimed at finding some things in society. It is an in depth scientific research focused in developing knowledge within society. It is also called Fundamental research . (Ref. 1)

There are different types of research. Before beginning we must know which type we are going to conduct:Analytical study is where the researcher assumes that the actions taken as a result of the study will be on the process or causal system that produced the frame studied, rather than the initial frame itself. Applied research is to find a solution to the immediate problem faced by the society and its action oriented. Pure research is aimed at finding some things in society. It is an in depth scientific research focused in developing knowledge within society. It is also called Fundamental research .

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What is a Case StudyA case study analysis requires you to investigate a problem, examine alternative solutions, and propose the most effective solution using supporting evidence (Ref. 2). Researchers suggest six steps that should be used for a successful case study (Ref. 3):Determine and define the research questionsSelect the cases and determine data gathering and analysis techniquesPrepare to collect the dataCollect data in the fieldEvaluate and analyze the dataPrepare the report

A case study analysis requires you to investigate a problem, examine alternative solutions, and propose the most effective solution using supporting evidence (Ref. 2). Researchers suggest six steps that should be used for a successful case study (Ref. 3):Determine and define the research questionsSelect the cases and determine data gathering and analysis techniquesPrepare to collect the dataCollect data in the fieldEvaluate and analyze the dataPrepare the report

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What are Quantitative MeasuresA Quantitative analysis involves using scientific or mathematical data to understand a problem, such as analyzing surveys to predict consumer demand. This contrast with a qualitative approach, which uses a more social methodology, like interviewing people (Ref. 1).When a researcher wants to verify numerical, percentages, statistical, and monetary information Quantitative measures are extensively used by:Primarily deductive process Surveys, structured interviews & observationsUsed to test pre-specified conceptsLargely depends on the measurement device or instrument usedFixed response options

A Quantitative analysis involves using scientific or mathematical data to understand a problem, such as analyzing surveys to predict consumer demand. This contrast with a qualitative approach, which uses a more social methodology, like interviewing people (Ref. 1).

When a researcher wants to verify numerical, percentages, statistical, and monetary information Quantitative measures are extensively used by:Primarily deductive process Surveys, structured interviews & observationsUsed to test pre-specified conceptsLargely depends on the measurement device or instrument usedFixed response options

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What are Qualitative MeasuresA Qualitative "approach" is a general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research. It describes, either explicitly or implicitly, the purpose of the qualitative research, the role of the researcher(s), the stages of research, and the method of data analysis (Ref. 1).Qualitative measures are used to find the behaviors of the people under the study. Consumer behaviors, worker attitudes, even changes in the tastes and fashions of the consumers will be analyzed using Qualitative research.Unlike Quantitative which relies on numbers and more factual material Qualitative is based on subjective assessment of behavior, attitude, or opinions.

A Qualitative "approach" is a general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research. It describes, either explicitly or implicitly, the purpose of the qualitative research, the role of the researcher(s), the stages of research, and the method of data analysis (Ref. 1).Qualitative measures are used to find the behaviors of the people under the study. Consumer behaviors, worker attitudes, even changes in the tastes and fashions of the consumers will be analyzed using Qualitative research.Unlike Quantitative which relies on numbers and more factual material Qualitative is based on subjective assessment of behavior, attitude, opinions, behavior impressions, etc.

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What are Mixed MeasuresMixed methods are used because an assessment cannot always be completed using just one method (Ref. 5). For example, a social responsibility outcome such as student articulates the unfair, unjust, or uncivil behavior of other individuals or groups, might best be assessed through interview or focus group and through rating a role play exercise on a rubric.By mixing both quantitative and qualitative research and data, the researcher gains in breadth and depth of understanding and corroboration, while offsetting the weaknesses inherent to using each approach by itself (Ref. 4).One of the most advantageous characteristics of conducting mixed methods research is the possibility of triangulation.

Mixed methods is used because an assessment cannot always be completed using just one method. For example, a social responsibility outcome such as student articulates the unfair, unjust, or uncivil behavior of other individuals or groups, might best be assessed through interview or focus group and through rating a role play exercise on a rubric.

By mixing both quantitative and qualitative research and data, the researcher gains in breadth and depth of understanding and corroboration, while offsetting the weaknesses inherent to using each approach by itself (Ref. 4).

One of the most advantageous characteristics of conducting mixed methods research is the possibility of triangulation.

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In Closing."The universe is full of magical things patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper." --- Eden Phillpotts

In Closing I leave you with the words of brilliant British Author Eden Phillpotts The universe is full of magical things patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper. Thank you.8

References(Ref. 1)- Krishnaswami, O.R., Satyaprasad, B.G., Business Research Methods (1), Himalaya Publishing House, January 2010(Ref. 2)- GUIDELINES FOR WRITING A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS, Ashford University(Ref. 3)- Susan K. Soy, The Case Study as a Research Method, University of Texas at Austin(Ref. 4)- Mixed methods research, FoodRisC 2016(Ref. 5)- Quantitative vs. Qualitative Measures, Baseline Help Center, 2017 Campus Labs support