Assignment Envi Tinggal Anep Je

8/13/2019 Assignment Envi Tinggal Anep Je

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1.0 TRANSPORTATION

Relevant statutory transport documentation must be accompanied with all wastes that been

delivered to the site. This is to enable tracking of waste from the generators to the treatment

facility. The used of curtain-sider trucks, tipper trucks, skip bin and IMO tanks for 1, 3, 8, 12 and

20 tonnes will be comprised. Besides the mandatory colour requirement by DOE, the trucks are

painted in the companys corporate colours. To meet European standards, the trucks are

specially designed and are approved by the Malaysian Department of Environment. To ensure

that scheduled wastes are safely transported from waste generators premises to the WMC, all

trucks are then equipped with the necessary safety and communication equipment. All waste

will not be accepted onto the site unless all criteria have been complies with and no adverse

environmental, safety or health impacts will result from its treatment. To trace the movement of

treated solidified waste from the treatment plant to the licensed disposal facility, similar

documentation will be used.

The packaging of the waste, labelling of containers, vehicle requirements and licensing

including driver training, licensing and responsibilities, loading of the vehicle and securing of the

load, placarding of the vehicle and transport documentation, are included in these transport

requirements. For liquid or sludge hazardous substances are normally use tank containers and

have to be specially designed to cope with such loads. Normally, packaged waste material is

transported in open trucks or in large quantities on flatbed truck. It is of utmost importance that

the compatibility of waste materials in a mixed should be observed since even a slight leak

between non-compatible waste components may result in a fire on the vehicle or in worst case

even an explosion in such instances. With regard to identification and placards for transport

purposes, Hazardous Waste should be controlled in the same way as the hazardous

substances. In addition, governments regulatory bodies have set three transport requirements

which is waste card system, orange box and emergency response plan.


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2.0 COLLECTION PROCEDURE

HOW DO I FILL IN A STANDARD (SINGLE MOVEMENT) CONSIGNMENT NOTE?

The description of the note in this guide is a description of the Environment Agency

consignment note. Before the hazardous waste is collected from your site, you need to start

filling in the top sheet (the Producers/Consignors/Holders Copy) of the consignment note. As

you write on the top sheet, the information will be copied to the sheets below. Each of the

consignment note copies is divided into five sections, parts A to E. We explain below how to fill

in each part of a consignment note.

Part A Notification details

The producer or holder of the waste should fill in this section.

1 Consignment note code

We set the format of the consignment note code. You must follow this format; otherwise your

consignment note will not be valid. The consignment note code must be unique. If you use acode for one load, you must not use that number again for another. The consignment note code

depends on whether your site is exempt from registration or needs to be registered. You should

look at HWR02ADo I need to notify my premises? if you are not sure.


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If your site is exempt from registration, the consignment note code must be EXEAAA/YYYZZ (or

FLYAAA/YYYZZ), where:

- EXE shows that the collection is exempt (FLY shows that the waste was fly-tipped and

breaking section 33 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 as a result);

- AAA can be any letters or numbers (for example, the first three letters of the name of the

waste-collection business, or the postcode of the place the

fly-tipping took place);

- YYY is any letters or numbers showing the trading name for the premises; and

- ZZ is any letters or numbers used to give the waste a unique code.

For example, if Bobs Waste were collecting the waste from a company called E B

Aardvark, the consignment note code could be EXEBOB/EBA01 or EXEBOB/EBAG1.

If you need to register your site, the consignment note code must be REGNUM/YYYYY, where:

- REGNUM is the registration number we gave you when you registered your premises with us

it will have the format XXXNNN (X is a letter, N is a number), for example, ABC049; and

- YYYYY is any letters or numbers (for example, HW02L).

For example, the consignment note code could be ABC049/HW02L.

2 The waste described below is to be removed from (name, address, postcode,

telephone, email, facsimile):

8 Environment Agency HWR03A Consignment notes - standard procedure

These are the details of the place the hazardous waste is being removed from.

If your premises are registered, the name, address and postcode on the form must match the

details given to us when the site was registered..

If the site is exempt from registration, the details must fully describe the place the waste is being

removed from.

You will need to provide a postcode for the consignment to be properly completed. If your site

does not have a postcode, you must give the nearest known full postcode to the site.

If you have a phone number, e-mail address or fax number, enter these details too.


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3 Premises code (where applicable):

If the premises are registered with us, you should enter the premises code here. This is the

registration number we gave the premises when they were registered. If the premises are

exempt from registration, write N/A or Exempt here.

4 The waste willbe taken to (name, address & postcode):

This provides details about the site the hazardous waste is going to be delivered to (that is, the

consignee). You must provide full details of the consignee, and any consignee you choose to

send waste to must either hold a permit to receive your waste or be exempt from holding a

waste permit. You are responsible for making sure this is the case. If the consignee holds a

waste permit, the name, address and postcode you give on the form should match the name,

address and postcode on the consignees permit.

5 The waste producer was (if different from 2) (name, address, postcode,

telephone, e-mail, facsimile):

If the waste producers details are the same as those in part A2, you can write As A2 here. If

the producer is different, you must give the producers details. For example, if the waste is

asbestos and a contractor produced it at your facility, you need to identify the asbestos

contractor as the waste producer and enter their business address here.


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Part B Description of the waste

The producer or holder of the waste should fill in this section.

You need to fill in part B for each type of hazardous waste that is being collected. You should

use continuation sheets if necessary.

1 Theprocess giving rise to the waste(s) was:

You should provide a full written description of the process that created the waste. It is not

enough to just enter Manufacturing. If you are moving more than one type of hazardous waste

which has been produced by more than one process, you should describe the main production

process involved in creating the waste.

2 SIC for the process giving rise to the waste:

The SIC (or Standard Industrial Classification) is a coding scheme that classifies businesses

and other economic activities. You must provide the most detailed SIC code from the 2003

version of the scheme for the main activity that produced (or holds) the waste. If the premises

are registered with us, you need to give the SIC code for the main waste-producing activity on

the premises. The SIC you give on the consignment note is not necessarily the code you were

given at the time you registered the premises, but is the code used for the actual process that

created the hazardous waste described on the note. If you are moving more than one type of


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waste which has been produced by more than one process, you should give the SIC for the

main production process involved in creating the waste.

For more details on the SIC 2003 code, see

www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/32198.

10 Environment Agency HWR03A Consignment notes - standard procedure

3 WASTE DETAILS

You must fill in all of the following for each type of hazardous waste you are having collected.

Description of waste

If you are using a consignment note your contractor has provided, this section might be called

The waste is:.

You need to provide a written description of every type of hazardous waste you are having

collected.

The description must not simply reproduce the description from the List of Waste Regulations

(LoWR), which is the catalogue of all types of waste. You must provide a full description. For

example, it is not enough to describe a waste acid from a pickling process as pickling acids

(the description in the LoWR for code 11 01 05). You should instead write something like

sulphuric acid used for pickling.

You must not write Laboratory chemicals as a type of waste. Instead, you must separately

identify each chemical in the hazardous waste. If you do not have enough space to record all of

the details on one row of the table, use both rows. You can use continuation sheets for other

types of hazardous waste you are having collected.

List of Wastes (EWC) code (6 digits):

You should choose an appropriate EWC code for each type of hazardous waste. The code

should match the description of the waste and the business or process that produced it. You

can get help on choosing an EWC code from our guide WM2 -

Interpretation of the definition and classification of hazardous waste, which you can find at

www.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/GEHO0603BIRB-e-e.pdf

Quantity (kg):

You must give the quantity (total weight), in kilograms, of each type of hazardous waste that has

an EWC code. This should be the total weight of the waste the carrier is actually collecting. If

the hazardous waste is a liquid, you can show the weight in kilograms by using a suitable


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method to convert the volume of the liquid to its equivalent weight. If you do not have a suitable

method for doing this, convert one litre into one kilogram.

The chemical/biological components of the waste and their concentrations are:

You should give details of all the relevant chemical or biological parts (components) of the

waste and their concentrations so that carriers, consignees or other people can see what is in

each type of hazardous waste. This will also include parts of the waste that do not make it

hazardous (for example, metals such as iron in pickling acids).

Properly describing all the components of the waste is important in choosing how to dispose of

the waste.

Physical form (gas, liquid, solid, powder, sludge or mixed)

You should write either Gas, Liquid, Solid, Powder, Sludge or Mixed for each type of

waste that has an EWC code.

Hazard code(s)

You must give this information for all of the hazards appropriate to each hazardous waste. The

hazardous properties are set out in appendix B. You must provide the correct hazards for each

type of the wasteit is not enough to put H1 toH14.

Container type, number and size

You must give the number and size of each container of hazardous waste (for example, 4 x 45

gallon drums, 1 x 14 cubic yard skip).

UN identification number(s), Proper shipping name(s), UN Class(es),

Packing group(s) and Special handling requirements

You need to fill in these sections if the hazardous waste is also dangerous for carriage. See

appendix C for more details.


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1 Carrier name:, On behalf of (name,address, postcode, telephone, e-mail,

facsimile):

The carrier must give their name, the name of their business and all appropriate address and

contact details.

2 Carrier registration no./reason for exemption:

A carrier must either be registered or exempt from registration. The carrier must give their

registration number if they have one. If the carrier is exempt, they should give the reason for the

exemption (for example, a waste producer can transport their own 12 Environment Agency

HWR03A Consignment notes - standard procedure waste without being a registered waste

carrier). However, producers of construction and demolition waste must always be registered as

a carrier. It is good practice to regularly check that the details the carrier has given are correct.

A carrier registration is valid for three years, and we may revoke (cancel) it in certain

circumstances. You can check if the carrier has a valid registration by looking at the online

electronic public register on our website or by contacting us on 08708 506506.

The carriers registration details must be those of the actual carrier. So, if a subcontractor has

been used, the subcontractors registration details must be given, not the main contractors

details.

3 Vehicle registration no. (or mode of transport, if not road):

The carrier must enter the registration number of the vehicle they are using to collect the

hazardous waste. If the waste is not being carried by road, the carrier must identify which

method of transport they are using (for example, railway, canal barge and so on).


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Part D Consignors certificate

After they have filled in part C, the carrier should give you the consignment notes back. You, as

the consignor, should then sign part D of the note.

There is a declaration in part D. You need to check that you have filled in parts A and B

correctly and that the carrier has filled in part C. In part C the carrier writes his carrier

registration numberby signing part D, you are declaring that you have checked the carrier is

registered.

You are also declaring that the waste is packaged and labelled correctly. If you are aware of any

particular issues relating to how the waste should be handled, you should tell the carrier about

them.

Note: You should not fill in part D before the carrier has arrived to collect the waste and has

given you copies of the consignment note, with part C filled in, for you to check.

1 Consignor name:, On behalf of (name, address, postcode, telephone, e-mail,

facsimile):

Environment Agency HWR03A Consignment notes - standard procedure 13

You must give your name, the name of your business and all appropriate address and contact

details. If these are the same as in part A2, you can write As A2. When you have checked and

filled in the details above, you should sign part D. You can then enter the date and time (using

the 24-hour clock) that you signed the form.


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HAZARDOUS WASTE LABELLING AND MARKING

A critical step in the safe handling of a hazardous waste is labelling and marking all containers

accordingly. To ensure uniformity in the labelling and marking of containers while the waste is

being accumulated to its ultimate disposal, both the US Department of Transportation (DOT)

and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) offer specific regulatory guidance for

hazardous waste generators to follow. It is important to note that these requirements are

different from the OSHA hazardous communication standard (29 CFR 1910.1200), which offers

labelling guidance for hazardous waste materials that have not been designated as waste.

DOT Bulk vs. Non-bulk Packages

Because the DOT hazardous waste labelling and marking requirements are different based on

the size of the container, it is important to distinguish between bulk and non-bulk packages.

Non-Bulk Packages

Under 49 CFR 171.8 non-bulk packaging is defined as packaging which has:

A maximum capacity of 450-liters (119-gallons) or less as a receptacle for a liquid

A maximum net mass of 400-kilograms (882-pounds) or less and a maximum capacity of 450-

liters (119-gallons) or less as a receptacle for a solid

A water capacity of 454-kilograms (1,000-pounds) or less as a receptacle for a gas as defined

in 49 CFR 173.115

Bulk Packages

Under 49 CFR 171.8, a bulk package is defined as a packaging, other than a vessel or a barge,

including a transport vehicle or freight container, in which hazardous waste materials are loaded

with no intermediate form of containment and which has:

A maximum capacity greater than 450-liters (119-gallons) as a receptacle for a liquid

A maximum net mass greater than 400-kilograms (882-pounds) and a maximum capacity

greater than 450-liters (119-gallons) as a receptacle for a solid

A water capacity greater than 454-kilograms (1,000-pounds) as a receptacle for a gas as

defined in 49 CFR 173.115


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While the DOT guidelines for properly labelling and marking non-bulk and bulk containers are

similar, they are not the same. This document outlines the rules for non-bulk packaging.

Hazardous Waste Labelling vs. Marking

The DOT reference to a label is very specific. Labels refer to the diamond-shaped hazmat logos

placed on non-bulk containers, and resemble bulk container placards. Everything else on a non-

bulk package is a marking.

Hazardous Waste Labelling

The design and size of labels are based on international standards and are used to identify the

hazards within the container. Each diamond (square-on-point) label measures at least 100mm

(4" x 4") on each side as prescribed in 49 CFR 172.407(c)(1).

DOT Hazardous Waste Label Examples:

Placement of Hazardous Waste Labels

The proper placement of labels is important. Labels must appear in their entirety because the

specified size, print style, border, width, and color of labels. Labels should be located near any

markings and on the same surface. Labels should not be placed on the bottom of containers.

They should always be visible.
http://www.grainger.com/search/material-handling/ecatalog/N-bih/Ntt-DOT+Labelhttp://www.grainger.com/search/material-handling/ecatalog/N-bih/Ntt-DOT+Label


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Multiple Hazardous Waste Labels

If the waste has multiple hazards associated with it multiple labels should be displayed next to

each other. The DOT recommends a six- inch space (15 cm) between labels. The label

designating the primary hazard should be above and to the left of the label designating the

subsidiary hazard.

Hazardous Waste Labels and Overpacking

Whenever hazardous material packages are overpacked, the inner containers must be properly

labelled. The same applies to the overpack container.

Hazardous Waste Markings

Marking is a critical process in preparing hazardous materials for transportation. A marking on a

hazardous materials package contains important information about the identification and

dangers of the hazardous material. While there is no standardized hazardous waste marker

format, both the DOT and EPA have specific marking requirements.

While there is no standardized hazardous waste marking format, the following general

guidelines should be followed when placing markings on hazardous packages:

Markings must be durable

Markings must be in English

Markings must be printed on or affixed on the surface or on a label, tag or sign

Markings must be displayed on a contrasting color background

Markings must not be obscured or covered up by other labels or attachments

Markings must not be located next to any other markings (such as advertisement) that would

limit their effectiveness


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Hazardous Waste Markings and Overpacking

As mentioned above with the labelling requirements, whenever hazardous material packages

are overpacked, the inner containers must be properly marked. The same applies to the

overpacking.

DOT Hazardous Waste Marking Requirements

There are five components of a DOT marking on a non-bulk package.

Proper shipping name and identification number

Technical name (if required)

Special permit number

Consignors or consignees name and address

Special hazard warning

Proper Shipping Name and Identification Number

This information can be found in the hazardous materials table, 49 CFR 172.101. If the material

is considered to be a hazardous waste, the word waste must be included with the proper

shipping name. The format for properly displaying the shipping name for a hazardous waste is:

Waste (shipping name), (hazard class), (UN or NA number), (packing group)

Example: Waste Acetone, 3, UN1090, PGII

Technical Name

If the shipping name being used is a non-chemical specific shipping name, a technical name(s)

is required for additional clarification. A non-chemical specific shipping name, as defined in 49

CFR 172.203(k), can be easily identified by the shipping name. Any shipping name that ends in

N.O.S. (not otherwise specified) must be marked with the technical name(s) in parentheses in

association with the proper shipping name. The technical name should correspond to the


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hazardous ingredients of the waste, which can be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS).

Example: Waste Flammable Liquids, n.o.s. (Xylene, Toluene), 3, UN1993, PGII

Special Permit

Occasionally, hazardous materials may be placed inside a package, which was issued under a

special permit by the DOT. If a special permit package is used, the container should be marked

DOT-SP followed by the special permit number assigned by the US DOT.

Consignors or Consignees Name and Address

The consignor is the party offering a hazardous material shipment for transportation. The

consignee is the party receiving the hazardous material shipment.

Special Hazard Warning

When offering a hazardous material, which has a special hazard (e.g inhalation hazard, marine

pollutant), the shipper must indicate this hazard on the marking.

Other DOT Non-Bulk Package Markings

Along with the hazardous waste marking requirements, there may be addition markers that are

required. For example:

This End Up Marking

This marking is the package-orientation marking. It is applied to any package which holds inner

containers of liquid hazardous materials. Inner packaging may be non-specification containers

made of glass or earthenware, plastic or metal.

All packages having inner packages containing liquid hazardous materials must be packed with

their closures upward and legibly marked with package-orientation arrows on two opposite

vertical sides and with the arrows pointing in the correct upright direction. Arrows for purposes

other than indicating proper package orientation may not be displayed on a package containing

a liquid hazardous material.


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EPA Hazardous Waste Marking Requirements

The EPA requires certain information to be shown on containers of 110 gallons or less used in

transportation. This information is listed below.

Hazardous Waste Warning Statement

The following statement must be included on non-bulk packages: HAZARDOUS WASTE:

FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS IMPROPER DISPOSAL. IF FOUND, CONTACT THE NEAREST

POLICE, OR PUBLIC SAFETY AUTHORITY, OR THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

AGENCY.

Generators Name and Address

This is the same as the consignors address.

Generators EPA Identification Number

This is a twelve-digit number assigned by the EPA to each hazardous waste generator. It is also

included on the hazardous waste manifest.

Manifest Document Number

This is a five-digit number which is assigned by the generator. It is unique for each shipment.

Accumulation Start Date

This date is determined by the generator. It is the date that the generator first placed a

hazardous waste inside the package. There are time limits related to the amount of time a

generator can accumulate hazardous waste at its site. Consequently, this date is very important.


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EPA Waste Codes

In order for a hazardous material to be classified as a waste, it must carry an EPA waste code.

Waste codes provide more information regarding the specific hazards associated with the

waste. For more information on identifying the proper waste code, refer to 40 CFR 261.

Example Hazardous Waste Marking:

1. Hazardous warning statement

2. Generator name and address

3. Generator EPA ID number

4. Accumulation start date

5. EPA waste codes

6. Manifest document number

7. Proper shipping name, technical name, special hazard warning (if applicable) and DOT special

permits (if applicable)


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3.0 ANALYSIS

The typical parameters analysed for the amount of oily waste were SW305(55.6%), SW306

(9.3%), SW307 (7.4%), SW 309 (23.1%) and SW312 (4.6%) that includes heavy metal analysis,

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), oil and grease, total organic carbon, pH

value, total solids, total chlorine, calorific value, flash point, viscosity and polymerisation

reaction.

3.1 SW 305Spent lubricating oil

Heavy Metal Analysis

Elemental Analysis Atomic Absorption ppm (mg/l)

Element Symbol Detection Limit (ppm)

Sulphur S 8000

Calcium Ca 1200

Zinc Zn 650

Lead Pb 40

Phosphorous P 600

Iron Fe 100

Magnesium Mg 65Sodium Na 55

Silicon Si 40

Boron B 40

Manganese Mn 10

Copper Cu 40

Molybdenum Mo 15

Aluminum Al 15

Tin, Chromium, Barium,

Nickel, VanadiumSn, Cr, Ba, Ni, V


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Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Transparent amber oil.

Physical state: Liquid/Oil.

Odor: Mineral oil odor

Odor threshold (ppm): Not established

Specific gravity (H2O=1): 0.870.90

Solubility in water (20C): Negligible

Solubility in fat: Not Determined.

Coefficient of water/oil solubility: Not Determined.

Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not Determined.

Melting point: Liquid.

Boiling point: > 550F.

Evaporation rate (Butyl Acetate=1): < 0.01

Vapor Density (Air=1): > 5

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg): < 0.01

Oxidizing properties: Unknown.

Flash Point: 415 - 475 F (COC), (PMCC) ASTM D 93 C >60.5

(lower if contaminated with fuel or solvent)

Viscosity: @ 40C ASTM D 445 mm2/s +/-80

Polymerisation Reaction: Polymerisation is not known to occur under normal

temperatures and pressures. Hazardous

polymerisation will not occur.


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3.2 SW 306Spent hydraulic oil

Heavy Metal Analysis

Absorption Elemental Analysis Atomic ppm (mg/l)

Element Symbol Detection Limit (ppm)

Copper Cu 0.003

Magnesium Mg 0.0003

Chromium Cr 0.006

Tin Sn 0.1

Lead Pb 0.01

Iron Fe 0.006

Zinc Zn 0.001

Manganese Mn 0.002

Cadmium Cd 0.002


Physical state, appearance, and odor: Liquid, amber, petroleum odor.

Odor threshold: Not available

Molecular weight: Not applicable

Specific gravity: 0.88 (water = 7) (approximately)

Density: 7.3 LB/US gal (880 g/l) (approximately)

Vapor density: Not available

Vapor pressure: less than 0.1 mmhg at 68f (20c)

Boiling point: 475f (246c) (minimum)

Freezing/melting point: Not available [pour point -22f (-30c) (maximum)].

Evaporation rate: Not available

Solubility in water: Insoluble

Flammable limits in air: LOWER: Not available UPPER: Not available

Autoignition temperature: Not available

Ph Value: Not applicable

Flash Point: 193 oc (380 of)

Viscosity: 28.8 mm2/s (33 cst) @ 40C (104F) Minimum

Polymerisation Reaction: Hazardous polymerization will not occur under

normal working conditions.


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3.3 SW 307Spent mineral oil-water emulsion


Physical state and appearance: Liquid. (Transparent water-white liquid)

Odor: Odorless.

Taste: Not available.

Molecular Weight: Varies.

Color: Clear

Boiling Point: 310C (590F)

Melting Point: Not available.

Critical Temperature: Not available.

Specific Gravity: 0.835 @ 15.6 C (Water = 1)

Vapor Pressure: 100c

Viscosity: @ 40 oC mm2/s: N. A.

Polymerisation Reaction: Polymerization will not occur.


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3.4 SW 309Oil-water mixture


The following information is for the Argon component of this gas mixture:

Gas density: 0.103 lb/cu ft (1.650 kg/m3)

Evaporation rate (nBuAc = 1): Not applicable.

Specific gravity (air = 1): 1.38

Freezing point: -189.2C (-308.9F)

Solubility in water: 0.056

Boiling point ( @ 1 atmos.): -185.9C (-302.6F)

Expansion ratio: Not applicable.

Specific volume (ft3/lb): 9.71

Odor threshold: Not applicable.

Molecular weight: 39.95

Vapor pressure (psia): Not applicable.

Coefficient water/oil distribution: Not applicable.


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The following information is for the Carbon Dioxide component of this gas mixture:

Gas density: 0.1144 lb/ft3 (1.833 kg/m3)

Evaporation rate (nBuAc = 1): Not applicable.

Specific gravity (air = 1): 0.90

Freezing point: -78.5C (-109.3F) [sublimation]

Solubility in water: 0.0491

Boiling point( @ 1 atmos.): Sublimes.

Expansion ratio: Not applicable.

Specific volume (ft3/lb): 8.741

Odor threshold: Not applicable.

Molecular weight: 44.01

Vapor pressure (psia): Not applicable.

Coefficient water/oil distribution: Not applicable.

The following information is pertinent to this product:

Appearance, odor and color: This gas mixture is colorless and odorless, or may have a

sharp odor (depending on the level of Carbon Dioxide).

How to detect this substance (warning properties): There are no distinct warning properties

of this gas mixture, unless the Carbon Dioxide is at a high concentration, when the odor may be

a warning property. In terms of leak detection, fittings and joints can be painted with a soap

solution to detect leaks, which will be indicated by a bubble formation.


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3.5 SW 312Oily residue from automotive workshop, service station oil or grease

interceptor


Physical State and Appearance: Black viscous liquid, hydrocarbon odor.

Boiling point: 350 to 1200F

Odor Threshold: Not available

Melting or Solid Point: Not applicable

Specific Gravity: 0.88-1.02 @ 60F (typical)

Vapor Density: >5 (Air=1)

Vapor Pressure:


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4.0 TREATMENT

4.1 Solidification

For inorganic wastes which do not fulfill the criteria for disposal directly into the Secured Landfill,

solidification process is used. The process is carried in the Solidification Plant. Such wastes are

typically metal hydroxide sludge containing heavy metals such as arsenic, barium, boron,

cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, tin and zinc. The heavy

metals become insoluble during the solidification process therefore can be safely disposed off in

the Secured Landfill. Other that can also be treated at Solidification Plant is fly ash from the

Incinerator Plant.

Figure 4.1: Solidification Process


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4.2 Physical-chemical Treatment

The Physical-Chemical Treatment Plant (PCT) treats inorganic liquid waste such as acid,

alkaline, chromate and cyanide. Generally, waste is detoxified through chemical process like

neutralization, oxidation and reduction. There are 5 categories in Physical-Chemical Treatment

Plant (PCT):

Chromate waste

Acid waste

Miscellaneous waste

Alkaline waste

Cyanide waste

Figure 4.2: Physical-Chemical Treatment Process


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4.3 Incineration

Two main sections can be divided for the Incineration Process which is Operation of Organic

Waste Feed Preparations (or Pre-Treatment) and Incineration Process (or Thermal Destruction

Process). For Incineration Process (or Thermal Destruction Process), there are divided into 3

phases process which is Incineration / Combustion Phase, Heat Recovery Phase and Flue Gas

Cleaning Phase.

Figure 4.3: Incineration Process

Incinerat

ion

Operation of Organic

Waste Feed Preparations(or Pre-Treatment)

Incineration Process (or

Thermal DestructionProcess)

Incineration / CombustionPhase

Heat Recovery Phase

Flue Gas Cleaning Phase


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4.3.1 Organic Waste Feed Preparations (Pre-treatment Facility)

The primary function of a feed preparation systems are:

1. To produce more uniform chemical properties such as moisture and organic content.

2. To avoid jamming of feeding mechanisms

Figure 4.4: Pre-Treatment Flow


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4.3.2 Thermal Destruction Process

For Thermal Destruction Process, the process can be divided into 3 phases :

1. Incineration / Combustion Phase

2. Heat Recovery Phase

3. Flue Gas Cleaning Phase

4.3.2.1 Incineration/Combustion Phase

The rotary kiln can operate in a wide range of conditions and therefore can handle a wide range

of wastes. The destruction of organics is determined by temperature, time and turbulence

factors.

TEMPERATURE

Temperaature iscritaical becauseit determines therate of organic

destruction.

TIME

Time refers tothe length oftime that thegases are presentor residencetime.

TURBULENCE

The ability of

the combustionsystem tosufficiently mixthe gases withoxygen tooxidise theorganicsreleased fromthe fuel andwastes.


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Figure 4.5: Rotary Kiln

4.3.2.2 Heat Recovery Phase

Basically, for Heat Recovery Phase, a series of process to cool down the Flue gas before Flue

gas cleaning process takes place. The Flue gas is then is cooled by using atomized water.


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4.3.2.3 Flue gas cleaning phase

Mainly, the Flue gas cleaning phase consists of Dry Absorption System (DAS) which includes a

reactor, fabric filter, ID fans and wet scrubbing system where the flue gas is cleaned and

released into the atmosphere via stack.


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5.0 DISPOSAL

Diposal of Waste Oil

There are many types of oils produced from heavy industries such as crude oils, lubricating oils,

heavier grades of fuel oil. If these oils are not managed well, these oils can cause harm tohuman, animals, plants and nature as these oils also consider as one of the hazardous wastes.

Disposal is included in five distinct steps of Waste Heirarchy. There are many options of

disposal are available but the actions taken is depend on the types of waste oil. As global

environmental awareness increases and regulatory requirements concerning waste disposal

become stricter, innovative and more creative ways of using, recycling or disposing of waste are

likely to be needed.

Below table showed a summary of the main options available for disposing waste oil:

Type of material Separation methods Disposal options

Non-emulsified oils

and waste water

Settling separation of free

water

Recovered water may require

further treatment/filtration

Use of recovered oil as fuel or

refinery feedstock

Return treated water to

source

Emulsified oils Emulsion broken to release water by:

Heat treatment

Emulsion-breaking chemicals

Use of recovered oil as fuel or

refinery feedstock

Stabilisation and reuse

Incineration

Oil mixed with sand Collection of liquid oil leaching

from sand during temporary

storage

Extraction of oil from sand by

washing with water or solvent

Removal of solid oils or

tarballs by sieving

Use of recovered liquid oil as

fuel or refinery feedstock

Return treated water to

source


Degradation through land

farming or composting

Landfill

Incineration

Oil mixed with

cobbles, pebbles or

Collection of liquid oil leaching

from beach material during

Return cleaned stones to

source


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shingle temporary storage

Extraction of oil from beach

material by washing with water

or solvent


Landfill

Oil mixed with wood,

plastics, seaweed,

shellfish and

sorbents

Collection of liquid oil leaching

during temporary storage

Flushing of oil from debris with

water

Removal of free water

Compression

Stabilisation and reuse the

following removal of plastics

and large debris

Degradation through land-

farming or composting for oil

mixed with seaweed, shellfish

or natural sorbents

Landfill

Incineration

Tarballs Separation from sand by

sieving


Landfill

Incineration

But mostly the industries choose incineration as the main option for disposal of waste oil. The

advantage of this way is can be employed for many types of oiled material and permanent

storage not required which can reduce amount of wastes.

Oily wastes must be handled with care. The disposal of waste oils must be done according to

the local regulations. Consultation with regulatory and licensing authorities from outset of the

incident will assist with this important administrative component of the disposal process.


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6.0 RECYCLING AND RECOVERY

Collection Procedures for Recycling and Recovery of Scheduled Wastes

The recovery and reuse of materials from wastes is recycling. Solid waste recycling refers to the

reuse of manufactured goods from which resources such as steel, copper, or plastics can be

recovered and reused. Recycling and recovery is only one phase of an integrated approach to

solid waste management that also includes reducing the amount of waste produced, reuse

where possible, recycle the products at the end of their useful life, recover energy or material

from the waste stream, treatment of the waste product and lastly landfill disposal. Figure below

shows the hierarchy of recycle and recovery option where the lower is the least favoured option.

6.1. Collection Procedures for Recycling and Recovery of Scheduled Wastes

The process of solid waste management starts from scheduled waste at waste generators

(customer) premises. This waste sample is then will be sent to Schedule Waste Solution in

order to get advises from them upon recycling and recovery cost. Then, the customer will file

Scheduled Waste Information form, sign Scheduled Waste Recycling and Recovery Agreement

and Transportation from Waste Generator form. Before Schedule Waste Solution collects the

waste from the premises, the customer need to pack and labels the waste. This waste is then

will be transport to waste management center.


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Then, Schedule Waste Solution will conduct the conformity test on the waste. If the test meets

the sample sent, Schedule Waste Solution will issue an invoice to the customer within 15 days.

If the test does not meet the sample sent, Schedule Waste Solution will advice the customer

about the test result and cost for customers consent. If the customer agrees with the conformity

declaration, invoice will be issued within 15 days. If the customer objects the test result,

Schedule Waste Solution will return the waste to waste generators premises. The process flowof scheduled waste collection procedure is as below.

No

Schedule Waste Solution returns waste.

Customer bears costs incurred

Schedule Waste Solution advices customer on

test results and costs

Schedule Waste Solution invoices customer

15 days after collection

Conformity with Waste Declaration/results of

test

Schedule Waste Solution collects wastes and

transports to WMC*

Schedule Waste Solution conducts conformity

tests

Customer submit necessary forms for

processing; packs & labels waste

Schedule Waste Solution advises customer on

R&R costs

Waste Sample sent to Schedule Waste Solution

Scheduled wastes at Customers Premises

The Process Flow of Schedule Waste Collection Procedure


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7.0 RELATED REGULATIONS AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS.

Constructing a new oily waste recovery plant needed regulations which sit under the

Environment Quality Act 1974 (EQA 1974). The legal requirements needed are as follows:

IN exercise of the powers conferred by sections 21 and 51 of the Environmental Quality Act 1974

[Act 127], the Minister, after consultation with the Environmental Quality Council, makes the

following regulations:

Citation and commencement

1. (1) These regulations may be cited as the Environmental Quality Act 1974

Interpretation

2. (1) In these Regulations, unless the context otherwise requires

"Scheduled wastes" means any waste falling within the categories of waste listed in

the First Schedule;

"Incompatible scheduled wastes" means scheduled wastes specified in the Fourth

Schedule which, when mixed, will produce hazardous situations through heat

generation, fires, explosions or the release of toxic substances;

"on-site treatment facility" means a facility, other than a scheduled wastes

incinerator or a land treatment facility, located on a waste generator's site and that is

used solely to deal with scheduled wastes produced on that site;

Contractor means any person licensed by the Director General of Environmental

Quality 3 under subsection 18(1A) of the Act;

Waste generator means any person who generate scheduled wastes;

Prescribed premises means premises prescribed by the Environmental Quality

(Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Order

1989 [P.U. (A) 140/1989].

(2) Words and expressions which are not defined in these Regulations shall have the

same meaning as assigned to them in the Act and in the Environmental Quality

(Prescribed Premises) (Scheduled Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities)

Order 1989.


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Notification of the generation of scheduled wastes

3. (1) Every waste generator shall, within 30 days from the date of generation of

scheduled wastes, notify the Director General of the new categories and quantities of

scheduled wastes which are generated.

(2) The notification given under sub-regulation (1) shall include the information provided

in the Second Schedule.

Disposal of scheduled wastes

4. (1) Scheduled wastes shall be disposed of at prescribed premises only.

(2) Scheduled wastes shall, as far as is practicable, be rendered innocuous prior to

disposal.

Treatment of scheduled wastes

5. (1) Scheduled wastes shall be treated at prescribed premises or at on-site treatment

facilities only.

(2) Residuals from treatment of scheduled wastes shall be treated or disposed of at 4

prescribed premises.

Recovery of material or product from scheduled wastes

6. (1) Recovery of material or product from scheduled wastes shall be done at prescribed

premises or at on-site recovery facilities.

(2) Residuals from recovery of material or product from scheduled wastes shall be

treated or disposed of at prescribed premises.

Application for special management of scheduled wastes

7. (1) A waste generator may apply to the Director General in writing to have the

scheduled wastes generated from their particular facility or process excluded from being

treated, disposed of or recovered in premises or facilities other than at the prescribed

premises or on-site treatment or recovery facilities.

(2) An application under sub-regulation (1) shall be submitted to the Director General in

accordance with the guidelines for special management of scheduled wastes as prescribed

by the Director General and shall be accompanied by fee of three hundred ringgit and shall

not be refunded.


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(3) If the Director General is satisfied with the application made under subregulation (1),

the Director General may grant a written approval either with or without conditions.

Responsibility of waste generator

8. (1) Every waste generator shall ensure that scheduled wastes generated by him are

properly stored, treated on-site, recovered on-site for material or product from such

scheduled wastes or delivered to and received at prescribed premises for treatment,

disposal or recovery of material or product from scheduled wastes.

(2) Every waste generator shall ensure that scheduled wastes that are subjected to

movement or transfer to be package, labelled and transported in accordance with the

guidelines prescribed by the Director General.

Storage of scheduled wastes

9. (1) Scheduled wastes shall be stored in containers which are compatible with the

scheduled wastes to be stored, durable and which are able to prevent spillage or leakage of

the scheduled wastes into the environment.

(2) Incompatible scheduled wastes shall be stored in separate containers, and such

containers shall be placed in separate secondary containment areas.

(3) Containers containing scheduled wastes shall always be closed during storage

except when it is necessary to add or remove the scheduled wastes.

(4) Areas for the storage of the containers shall be designed, constructed and

maintained adequately in accordance with the guidelines prescribed by the Director General

to prevent spillage or leakage of scheduled wastes into the environment.

(5) Any person may store scheduled wastes generated by him for 180 days or less after

its generation provided that

(a) the quantity of scheduled wastes accumulated on site shall not exceed 20

metric tonnes; and

(b) the Director General may at any time, direct the waste generator to send any

scheduled wastes for treatment, disposal or recovery of material or product from

the scheduled wastes up to such quantity as he deems necessary.

(6) A waste generator may apply to the Director General in writing to store more than

20 metric tonnes of scheduled wastes.

(7) If the Director General is satisfied with the application made under sub-regulation

(6), the Director General may grant a written approval either with or without conditions.


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Labelling of scheduled wastes

10. (1) The date when the scheduled wastes are first generated, name, address and

telephone number of the waste generator shall be clearly labelled on the containers that are

used to store the scheduled wastes.

(2) Containers of scheduled wastes shall be clearly labelled in accordance with the

types applicable to them as specified in the Third Schedule and marked with the scheduled

waste code as specified in the First Schedule for identification and warning purposes.

(3) No person is allowed to alter the markings and labels mentioned in sub-regulations

(1) and (2).

Waste generator shall keep an inventory of scheduled wastes

11. A waste generator shall keep accurate and up-to-date inventory in accordance with the

Fifth Schedule of the categories and quantities of scheduled wastes being generated,

treated and disposed of and of materials or product recovered from such scheduled wastes

for a period up to three years from the date the scheduled wastes was generated.

Information to be provided by waste generator, contractor and occupier of prescribed

premises

12. (1) A waste generator, contractor and occupier of the prescribed premises shall provide

information in accordance with the Sixth Schedule in the manner provided in this regulation.

(2) A waste generator shall complete Part I of the Sixth Schedule in six copies and

hand over the six copies of the Schedule to the contractor when the scheduled wastes are

delivered to him.

(3) The contractor shall, upon receiving scheduled wastes from a waste generator,

complete Part II of the Sixth Schedule in the six copies given to him by the waste generator

and shall thereafter immediately hand over two copies of the Schedule to the waste

generator who in turn shall submit a copy to the Director General within 30 days from the

date of transportation of the scheduled wastes.

(4) The contractor shall, within 10 days from the date of receipt of the scheduled

wastes, deliver the scheduled wastes to the occupier of any prescribed premises and hand

over the remaining four copies of the Sixth Schedule to the occupier.


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(5) The occupier of any prescribed premises shall, upon receiving scheduled wastes

from the contractor, complete Part III of all the remaining four copies of the Sixth

Schedule handed over to him by the contractor and shall, upon completion, retain one

copy and return a copy each to the contractor, the waste generator and the Director

General, within 20 days from the date of receipt of the scheduled wastes.

(6) If the waste generator fails to receive his copy of the Sixth Schedule from the

occupier of the prescribed premises referred to in sub-regulation (5) within 30 days from the

date of delivery of the scheduled wastes to the contractor referred to in subregulation (2),

he shall notify the Director General immediately and shall investigate and inform the

Director General of the result of his investigation.

(7) The waste generator, contractor or occupier of the prescribed premises shall

keep a copy each of the Sixth Schedule. The Sign copy of Sixth Schedule must be

retained as a record for at least three years from the date the scheduled wastes are

accepted by the prescribed premises.

Scheduled wastes transported outside wastes generators premises to be accompanied

by information

13. (1) Every waste generator shall provide information in accordance with the Seventh

Schedule in respect of each category of scheduled wastes to be delivered to the contractor

and shall give the Schedule to the contractor upon delivery of the waste to him.

(2) The waste generator shall inform the contractor of the purpose and use of the

Seventh Schedule.

(3) The contractor shall carry with him the Seventh Schedule for each category of

scheduled wastes being transported and shall observe and comply with the instructions

contained therein.

(4) The contractor shall, in the selection of transportation routes, as far as possible

avoid densely populated areas, water catchment areas and other environmentally

sensitive areas.

(5) The contractor shall ensure that all his employees that are involved in the

handling, transportation and storage of scheduled wastes attend training programmes.

(6) The contractor shall ensure that during the training programme each employee is

well informed on the purpose and use of the Seventh Schedule.


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Spill or accidental discharge

14. (1) In the event of any spill or accidental discharge of any scheduled wastes, the

contractor responsible for the waste shall immediately inform the Director General of the

occurrence.

(2) The contractor shall do everything that is practicable to contain, cleanse or abate

the spill or accidental discharge and to recover substances involved in the spill or

accidental discharge.

(3) The waste generator shall provide technical expertise and supporting assistance

in any clean-up operation referred to in sub-regulation (2).

(4) The contractor shall undertake studies to determine the impact of the spillage or

accidental discharge on the environment over a period of time to be determined by the

Director General.

Training Programme

15. Every waste generator shall ensure that all his employees involved in the identification,

handling, labelling, transportation, storage and spill response of scheduled wastes, attend

training programme.

Compounding of offences

16. (1) Every offence which consists of any omission or neglect to comply with, or any act

done or attempted to be done contrary to these Regulations may be compounded under

section 45 of the Act.

(2) The compounding of offences referred to in sub-regulation (1) shall be in

accordance with the procedure prescribed in the Environmental Quality (Compounding of

Offences) Rules 1978 [P.U. (A) 281/1978].

Revocation

17. The Environmental Quality Act (Scheduled Wastes) SWS Regulations is hereby

repealed as from the commencement of these Regulations.


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REFERENCES

http://www.3rdi.co.uk/pdf/EA_standard_movements_consignment_notes_and_guide.pdf

http://www.grainger.com/content/qt-322-hazardous-waste

http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/32196.aspx

http://www.itopf.com/information-

services/publications/documents/TIP9DisposalofOilandDebris.pdf
http://www.3rdi.co.uk/pdf/EA_standard_movements_consignment_notes_and_guide.pdfhttp://www.3rdi.co.uk/pdf/EA_standard_movements_consignment_notes_and_guide.pdfhttp://www.grainger.com/content/qt-322-hazardous-wastehttp://www.grainger.com/content/qt-322-hazardous-wastehttp://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/32196.aspxhttp://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/32196.aspxhttp://www.itopf.com/information-services/publications/documents/TIP9DisposalofOilandDebris.pdfhttp://www.itopf.com/information-services/publications/documents/TIP9DisposalofOilandDebris.pdfhttp://www.itopf.com/information-services/publications/documents/TIP9DisposalofOilandDebris.pdfhttp://www.itopf.com/information-services/publications/documents/TIP9DisposalofOilandDebris.pdfhttp://www.itopf.com/information-services/publications/documents/TIP9DisposalofOilandDebris.pdfhttp://www.itopf.com/information-services/publications/documents/TIP9DisposalofOilandDebris.pdfhttp://www.itopf.com/information-services/publications/documents/TIP9DisposalofOilandDebris.pdfhttp://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/topics/waste/32196.aspxhttp://www.grainger.com/content/qt-322-hazardous-wastehttp://www.3rdi.co.uk/pdf/EA_standard_movements_consignment_notes_and_guide.pdf

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