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ASSOCIATION OF HYDRAULIC SERVICES
CONSULTANTS AUSTRALIA
AHSCA and Sustainable Design
The AHSCA is committed to assisting its members and the community in cultivating the ideas, processes and design standards to enable sustainability at all levels of Hydraulic
Engineering in order to achieve the best and most sustainable engineering outcomes.
The Design process and Sustainability
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
ECOLOGY
QUALITY
PROGRAM
Mendler, S. Odell, W. Lazarus, M A. (2006) The HOK Guide Book to Sustainable Designs. 2nd Edition. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sustainable Design Decision Model
Drivers in the Australian Plumbing Design IndustryIm
pac
t /
Imp
ort
ance
Hig
hL
ow
Level of Uncertainty UncertainCertain
Sustainable Water Use.
Climate Change.
Water Trading.Carbon Trading.
Legislation
Economics. Natural Resources(Cost and
Availability)
Aging Population.
Population Density.
Global Warming effects on water health.
(Dengue Fever, Blue Tongue)
Transmission by water of newly-recognized pathogens and new strains of established pathogens.Increasing Urban
Populations.
Power and Energy
Travel and transport of people, goods and materials. Peak Oil
Peak Water
Global Epidemic.
Cost of Crude Oil
Disposable Income(Driver affect
affordability of products)
Politics.
ESG & CSR Reporting
Financial Institutions
Investment in CSR and ESG (Responsible Investment)
Responsible Investment Association Australasia; Responsible Investment. October 2007. [Available on line: http://www.responsibleinvestment.org/files/78RUBP9VVA/RIAA%20Benchmark%20Report%202007%20FINAL.pdf] Viewed June 2008.
Water and Energy
Water Efficiency is easy. Sustainable Water Use is the challenge. Plumbing Systems:
– Comprise from 4% to 10% of the construction costs.– Manage 95% to 99% of the total water volume within the built environment.
While a lot of attention is given to “Energy” or CO2e and the issue of Water stewardship, the GHG emissions from wastewater streams is not.
The link between Water, Energy and CO2e is strong.
If we want to implement smart sustainable solutions, the solution is a suite of minimisation and adaptation strategies.
For something to be managed, it has to be measured or accounted for.
Carbon and Water Accounting
Material Embodied Energy(Raw Material Only)
Embodied CO2e
(Raw Material Only)
Embodied Water(Raw Material Only)
Concrete 0.42 MJ/kg 39.1 kg CO2e/kg 2 L/kg
Steel 32 MJ/kg 2,970 kg CO2e/kg 40 L/kg
Aluminium 201 MJ/kg 18,700 kg CO2e/kg 88 L/kg
ABS 111 MJ/kg 10,330 kg CO2e/kg 185 L/kg
PVC 70 MJ/kg 6,520 kg CO2e/kg 185 L/kg
HDPE 103 MJ/kg 9,590 kg CO2e/kg 185 L/kg
MDPE 103 MJ/kg 9,590 kg CO2e/kg 185 L/kg
Scenario
Scenario: 1000 m of PVC Pipe with a flow of 20 L/s for 8 hrs per day. Compare PVC-U and PVC-M.
Pipe Type Energy to Pump Water
Embodied Energy(Raw
Material)
Embodied Water(Raw
Material)
Embodied CO2e
(Raw Material)
Embodied CO2e in
Power at Pump Motor
Embodied Water in Power at
Pump
PVC-M 1.027 kW 438.3 GJ 1158 kL 40.8 t 12.2 kg 29.3 L
PVC-U 1.125 kW 655.6 GJ 1733 kL 61.1 t 13.4 kg 32.1 L
Difference 0.098 kW 217.3 GJ 574 kL 20.3 t 1.2 kg 2.8 L
Pumping of water’s CO2e by State
Information based on:
1. Pump and driver efficiency of 70%.
2. National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, January 2008, (Table 5) Emission Factors for purchased electricity from the State grid.
CO2e for Pumping Water by State
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
m Head
kg.C
O2e/
kL
QLD
NSW & ACT
VIC
SA & WA
NT
TAS
Fugitive GHG Emissions in Plumbing Systems
Material Chemical Formula Global Warming Potentials (Horizons)
20 Years 100 Years 500 Years
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1 1 1
Methane CH4 56 21 6.5
Nitrous Oxide N2O 280 310 170
Nitrification De-nitrification
Plumbing Services Cycle
Legislators Financial Institutions
Raw Materials
Water & Energy
Processing of Raw
Materials
Emissions & Waste
Manufacture
Water & Energy
Emissions & Waste
Retail
Installation
Operation
End of Life
Recycle ?
Emissions & Waste
Water & Energy
Water & Energy
Emissions & Waste
Water & Energy
Emissions & Waste
Emissions & Waste ?
Design
Emissions & Waste
Water & Energy
Where to from here?
Increased education in Sustainable Water Use, not just water efficiency. Develop a framework to account for Embodied Water and CO2e along with
GHG Emissions. Manufacturing to develop rating system for embedded water and CO2e of their
products. Calculation of embodied water in construction.
We’re in this together.