Astronomy notes3: Notes on our Solar System of 8 planets & other heavenly bodies, including...

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ASTRONOMY 3 NOTES

ppt. by Robin D. Seamon

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Constellations

1. Constellation Handout

2. LAB: Bear Hunt Story

Google Earth Images

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EXPLORATION

Rocket: a machine that uses expelling gasses to move

HISTORY:

Robert Goddard- made the first liquid fueled rocket

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•At the end of WWII, Germany had made a weapon: V-2 rocket

(deliver explosives from German military bases to London)

•Wernher Von Braun & team worked surrendered & joined US in 1945: END WWII

•Cold War began:

political tension between US and Soviet Union; arms race & competition for space technology

US formed NASA (National Aeronautics Space Administration)

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Newton’s 3rd Law: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Thrust: push or pulling force

Exhaust gasses under extreme pressure push downward

Gasses at top of combustion chamber push upward

Reaction

Action

Payload: what is carried

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Combustion chamber

To burn you need:

1.Fuel (something to burn)

2.Oxygen (liquid oxygen tank)

12Liquid Propellant Rocket

Solid Propellant Rocket

Exhaust Nozzle

Exhaust Nozzle

Combustion Chamber

Fuel

Pump

Oxidizer (liquid oxygen)

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INSERT page 345 scan

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INSERT TIMELINE LAB

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Artificial Satellite man-made object that orbits in space

Orbital velocity the speed & direction an object must obtain to orbit a planet or moon (917,927 mi/h)

Escape velocity the speed & direction an object must have to break gravitational pull (to escape Earth’s gravity: 24,606 mi/h)

How Stuff Works: Orbital Velocity LINK REALPLAYER (2:40)

SATELLITES

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/search.php?terms=orbital+velocity&media=video

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Kinds of satellites:

1.Weather satellite: measures atmosphere

2.Communications satellite: tv, phone, computer data –signals are lines, Earth is curved, so satellites relay info from one point on surface to another

3.Remote-sensing satellite: monitor environmental changes -uses radar, measures light & Energy -Landsat: 1972 longest continuing record of Earth’s surface

4. Spy/military reconn.

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Google Earth: Fort Lauderdale, Fl; Cape Canaveral

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Low earth orbit: LEO: goes around quickly & closely, --making clear images of Earth (mapping, photos)

Geostationary orbit: GEO: faster orbit, matches earth’s rotation --so it’s at same spot above Earth for constant communication (weather & communications)

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GPS: Global positioning system

27 solar powered satellites that sends constant radio signals to earth

The amount of time it takes hand-held device to receive a signal, calculates distance from satellite

Distance from 4 satellites it receives determines location

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•Sputnik 1: 1957 Soviet Union 1st satellite; 57 days; fell back, burned in atmosphere

•Sputnik 2: 1957 carried first living being: dog Laika

•Explorer 1: US 1958

•Communication satellite network: 1964

•TODAY: thousands of satellites

ADVANCE

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Sputnik

BACK

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Explorer 1

BACK

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SPACE PROBES

•Space probe: unmanned vehicle, carrying scientific tools to collect data

TO THE MOON:

•Luna 1 (USSR) 1959 1st space probe to fly past moon

•Luna 9 1966 1st soft landing on moon

•Through 1976, 30 more US/USSR lunar missions

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SPACE PROBES

VENUS MISSIONS:

•Venera 9 (USSR) 1975 1st probe to land on Venus; Mission: to measure temperature & atmosphere

•Magellan Mission (US) 1989 Mission: to map 98% Venus

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Luna

BACK

Luna 1

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Luna 9

BACK

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Venera 9

BACK

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Magellan Mission

ADVANCE

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MARS MISSIONS

•Viking Missions 1 & 2: (US) 1975 to Mars Mission: to look for signs of life

Gathered soil samples

We learned Mars was once warmer & wetter

•Mars PathFinder Mission: (US) 1996 proved lower cost missions were possible

Landed & deployed Sojourner rover that traveled across the surface of Mars about 3 months

Sent data & images to Earth

NASA & ESA (European Space Agency) planning future expeditions!

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To GAS PLANETS LONG missions; take over 10 years to get there!

•Pioneer 10 & 11 (US) launched 1972; Mission: to view Jupiter & outer solar system

P10 first to travel past Pluto in 1983

sampled solar wind

•Voyager 2 first to fly past 4 gas planets; Mission: to view Jupiter & its moons

•Galileo Mission (US) launched 1989

Arrived at Jupiter 1995

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•Cassini Mission:

Launched in 1997; joint effort of NASA, European Space Agency, & Italian Space Agency)

Mission: to study Saturn’s moons

Orbits Saturn

•Huygens probe:

Where is Cassini right now? LINK

NASA Link

http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/main/index.html

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•Stardust: launched 1999 to a comet, Wild 2

In 2006, brought back comet dust

BIG NEWS!: scientists discovered ‘glycine’, a building block of life

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Viking 1 & 2

BACK

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Mars Pathfinder Mission

Sojourner

BACK

http://mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/mpf/image-arc.html

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Pioneer Missions

BACK

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Enceladus (moon of Saturn)

Tritan: Jupiter’s moon

Voyager Missions:

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Neptune

Ariel: Uranus moon

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Ring System (Uranus)

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Cassini Mission

Iapetus (Saturn moon)

Saturn

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Cassini Mission/ Huygens Probe: Titan (Jupiter’s moon)

BACK

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Mission Stardust

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Man in Space:

•1961 Yuri Gagarin (USSR) 1st human to orbit the Earth

•US worried so President Kennedy announced US would go to the moon;

•Kennedy Space Center constructed in Florida & Mission Control in Houston, TX

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•1962 John Glenn (US) 1st American to orbit Earth

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•1969 Apollo II landed Eagle on the Moon•Neil Armstrong 1st man on moon; left instruments for measurements, flag; collected moon rocks

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•Expensive single use rockets were replaced by reusable space shuttle

•Columbia: 1st; 100+ since

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Tragedies:

Columbia Tragedies

•1986: Challenger exploded at lift off

•2003 Columbia exploded at reentry

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NASA: Missions Webpage

MISSIONS

VIDEO: When we Left Earth (6 min)

VIDEO: Top 5 NASA Moments ( 2:27min)

Hoax-myths Busted (National Geographic)

http://www.nasa.gov/missions/past/index.html

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•Space station: long-term orbiting space platform

•1971 (USSR) Salyutl (3 men, 23 day mission)

•By 1982 USSR had put up 7 space stations

•Skylab (US) 3 crews totaled 171 days before abandoned

•1986 (USSR) started launching pieces of a large station: Mir (“peace”) after 15 years was abandoned & burned in atmosphere

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•International Space Station (ISS)

Russia, US, 14 other countries began building; scheduled completion in 2011 with operations continuing until 2015:

17,222 mi/h @ 15.7 orbits a day(US: funds lab modules, supporting frame, solar panels, living quarters, biomedical lab

Russia: funds service module, docking modules, life support, research modules, transportation to and from

Japan, China, Canada & several other European nations fund other parts)

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International Space Satation

Where is ISS right now? LINK (iss fanclub)

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CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY:

Space-age spinoffs: technology developed for space programs now used in everyday life

Pumps for artificial hearts

Cordless power tools (drill)

Hand held cameras for firefighters into fire

Wireless technology

Computer processes

Ear thermometer

Fire/heat resistant materials

Scratch-proof glass

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WHAT’S NEW:

Updated Astronomy NEWS www.foxnews.com

http://www.foxnews.com/video2/video08.html?maven_referralObject=9603356&maven_referralPlaylistId=&sRevUrl=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,524940,00.html

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•REVIEW Video: United Streaming: Greatest Discoveries with Bill Nye (40 min.)

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=04744E86-BA58-4DD9-BE32-32BAAD2E8C1D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=04744E86-BA58-4DD9-BE32-32BAAD2E8C1D&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Date post:	29-Jun-2015
Category:	Education
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Astronomy notes3: Notes on our Solar System of 8 planets & other heavenly bodies, including...

Education