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www.astro.washington.edu/balick/PNIC
www.astro.washington.edu/balick/PNIC
A tribute to Donald E. Osterbrock, 1924–2007A tribute to Donald E. Osterbrock, 1924–2007 A tribute to Donald E. Osterbrock, 1924–2007A tribute to Donald E. Osterbrock, 1924–2007
PLANETARY NEBULA IMAGE CATALOGUEPLANETARY NEBULA IMAGE CATALOGUEBruce Balick, U. WashingtonBruce Balick, U. Washington
PLANETARY NEBULA IMAGE CATALOGUEPLANETARY NEBULA IMAGE CATALOGUEBruce Balick, U. WashingtonBruce Balick, U. Washington
≈720 images of ≈620 PNesorted by galactic coordinates and name
search with your browser’s “Find”
≈720 images of ≈620 PNesorted by galactic coordinates and name
search with your browser’s “Find”
Special acknowledgements: Romano Corradi, Arturo Manhcado Special acknowledgements: Romano Corradi, Arturo Manhcado
Ground-based, HST, and Large-Field Images when available
Ground-based, HST, and Large-Field Images when available
Image Legend: name, coordinates, colors, attribution, source
Image Legend: name, coordinates, colors, attribution, source
Morphology Classifications and Frequency Statistics
Morphology Classifications and Frequency Statistics
≈620 PNe; more HSTimages of PNe and pPNe to be added this summer
≈620 PNe; more HSTimages of PNe and pPNe to be added this summer
Morphological TypesMorphological Types• Primary: core outline, which is the most
prominent structure seen in short exposures– DEPENDS ON GOOD SPATIAL RESOLUTION– Only one core classification per object, like a species
• Secondary: large-scale symmetries– DEPENDS ON DEPTH OF EXPOSURES
• Tertiary: relatively prominent extended features near the core– LOBES, SHELLS, HALOES, BOW WAVES…– DEPENDS ON DEPTH OF EXPOSURES
• Tertiary: small-scale features– ANSAE, JETS, “SPIKES”, FILAMENTS, ETC.– DETECTION IS SENSITIVE TO RESOLUTION AND FILTER
• Primary: core outline, which is the most prominent structure seen in short exposures– DEPENDS ON GOOD SPATIAL RESOLUTION– Only one core classification per object, like a species
• Secondary: large-scale symmetries– DEPENDS ON DEPTH OF EXPOSURES
• Tertiary: relatively prominent extended features near the core– LOBES, SHELLS, HALOES, BOW WAVES…– DEPENDS ON DEPTH OF EXPOSURES
• Tertiary: small-scale features– ANSAE, JETS, “SPIKES”, FILAMENTS, ETC.– DETECTION IS SENSITIVE TO RESOLUTION AND FILTER
– RoundRound ( (17% of classifiable,17% of classifiable, 13% of all) 13% of all)– Closed EllipticalClosed Elliptical ( (36%36% —— 27%) 27%)– Barrel, or open ellipticalBarrel, or open elliptical ( (29%29% —— 22%) 22%)– Pinched waistPinched waist ((9%9% —— 6%) 6%)– Equatorial diskEquatorial disk ((9%9% —— 7%) 7%)
– Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable)Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable) (11%) (11%)– Poorly resolved (unclassifiable)Poorly resolved (unclassifiable) (13%) (13%)
– RoundRound ( (17% of classifiable,17% of classifiable, 13% of all) 13% of all)– Closed EllipticalClosed Elliptical ( (36%36% —— 27%) 27%)– Barrel, or open ellipticalBarrel, or open elliptical ( (29%29% —— 22%) 22%)– Pinched waistPinched waist ((9%9% —— 6%) 6%)– Equatorial diskEquatorial disk ((9%9% —— 7%) 7%)
– Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable)Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable) (11%) (11%)– Poorly resolved (unclassifiable)Poorly resolved (unclassifiable) (13%) (13%)
Primary: Core OutlinesPrimary: Core Outlines
Primary: Core OutlinesPrimary: Core Outlines– Round the core has a closed round outline
– Closed Elliptical the core has a closed elliptical outline
– Barrel, or open elliptical
– Round the core has a closed round outline
– Closed Elliptical the core has a closed elliptical outline
– Barrel, or open elliptical
Primary: Core OutlinesPrimary: Core Outlines
– Pinched waistthe core has a pinched, perhaps darkened waist
– Equatorial diskthe core is dominated by a equatorial thin disk or ring
– Pinched waistthe core has a pinched, perhaps darkened waist
– Equatorial diskthe core is dominated by a equatorial thin disk or ring
Primary: Core OutlinesPrimary: Core Outlines
– – Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable)Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable)
– – Poorly resolved (unclassifiable)Poorly resolved (unclassifiable)
– – Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable)Amorphous or complex (unclassifiable)
– – Poorly resolved (unclassifiable)Poorly resolved (unclassifiable)
2ry: Large-Scale Symmetry
2ry: Large-Scale Symmetry
– Multiple Symmetry Axes (8%)
– Spiral or Point Symmetry (5%)
– Orthogonal Extensions (8%)
– Multiple Symmetry Axes (8%)
– Spiral or Point Symmetry (5%)
– Orthogonal Extensions (8%)
3ry: Prominent Core Extensions
3ry: Prominent Core Extensions
– Lobe Pairs (open and closed)Lobe Pairs (open and closed) (27%)
– Peanut, or Pinched BarrelPeanut, or Pinched Barrel (4%)
– Encapsulating Bow WaveEncapsulating Bow Wave (2%)
– Lobe Pairs (open and closed)Lobe Pairs (open and closed) (27%)
– Peanut, or Pinched BarrelPeanut, or Pinched Barrel (4%)
– Encapsulating Bow WaveEncapsulating Bow Wave (2%)
– Shells (adjacent to core; ≈smooth surface brightness) Shells (adjacent to core; ≈smooth surface brightness) (20%)
– Haloes (large, faint, limb brightened, sometimes irregular)Haloes (large, faint, limb brightened, sometimes irregular) (4%)
– Shells (adjacent to core; ≈smooth surface brightness) Shells (adjacent to core; ≈smooth surface brightness) (20%)
– Haloes (large, faint, limb brightened, sometimes irregular)Haloes (large, faint, limb brightened, sometimes irregular) (4%)
3ry: Prominent Core Extensions
3ry: Prominent Core Extensions
– Ansae or Knots (in regular pairs)Ansae or Knots (in regular pairs) (10%)
– Jets or Bowshocks (in regular pairs)Jets or Bowshocks (in regular pairs) (3%)
– Spikes and NecklacesSpikes and Necklaces (2%)
– Ansae or Knots (in regular pairs)Ansae or Knots (in regular pairs) (10%)
– Jets or Bowshocks (in regular pairs)Jets or Bowshocks (in regular pairs) (3%)
– Spikes and NecklacesSpikes and Necklaces (2%)
4ry: Small-Scale Features4ry: Small-Scale Features
4ry: Small-Scale Features4ry: Small-Scale Features– Knotty Edges Knotty Edges (9%)
– Filamentary or Flocculent Edges Filamentary or Flocculent Edges (12%)
– Possible Neutral Edges Possible Neutral Edges (3%)
– Knotty Edges Knotty Edges (9%)
– Filamentary or Flocculent Edges Filamentary or Flocculent Edges (12%)
– Possible Neutral Edges Possible Neutral Edges (3%)
Remember!Remember!• The images come from highly biased and The images come from highly biased and
incomplete samples and surveysincomplete samples and surveys• The image details depend on exposure depth, The image details depend on exposure depth,
spatial resolution, filters, field, other observablesspatial resolution, filters, field, other observables• Morphologies are a multidimensional continuum; Morphologies are a multidimensional continuum;
names can create artificial boundariesnames can create artificial boundaries
• More HST images coming: prePNe and PNe• Combine with kinematic data
– e.g., The SPM Kinematic Catalog of PNe (in progress) J.A. Lopez, M. Richer, H. Riesgo, W. Steffen, J. Meaburn, G. Garcia-
Segura, M. Bryce, & K. Escalante
• Combine with IR & x-ray images
• The images come from highly biased and The images come from highly biased and incomplete samples and surveysincomplete samples and surveys
• The image details depend on exposure depth, The image details depend on exposure depth, spatial resolution, filters, field, other observablesspatial resolution, filters, field, other observables
• Morphologies are a multidimensional continuum; Morphologies are a multidimensional continuum; names can create artificial boundariesnames can create artificial boundaries
• More HST images coming: prePNe and PNe• Combine with kinematic data
– e.g., The SPM Kinematic Catalog of PNe (in progress) J.A. Lopez, M. Richer, H. Riesgo, W. Steffen, J. Meaburn, G. Garcia-
Segura, M. Bryce, & K. Escalante
• Combine with IR & x-ray images
X-Ray vs Optical Core MorphologiesX-Ray vs Optical
Core Morphologies• All nine extended x-All nine extended x-
ray PNe are ray PNe are contained within contained within closed cores and closed cores and lobeslobes (so far, anyway)(so far, anyway)
• All seven non-All seven non-detections of PNe detections of PNe have open have open geometriesgeometries
• Suggests that Suggests that “punctures” deflate “punctures” deflate the hot bubble; gas the hot bubble; gas cools by expansioncools by expansion
•
• All nine extended x-All nine extended x-ray PNe are ray PNe are contained within contained within closed cores and closed cores and lobeslobes (so far, anyway)(so far, anyway)
• All seven non-All seven non-detections of PNe detections of PNe have open have open geometriesgeometries
• Suggests that Suggests that “punctures” deflate “punctures” deflate the hot bubble; gas the hot bubble; gas cools by expansioncools by expansion
• X-ray images from www.iaa.csic.es/xpn/xmm_axaf_det.html
courtesy Martin A. Guerrero, You-Hua Chu, and Robert A. Gruendl X-ray images from www.iaa.csic.es/xpn/xmm_axaf_det.html
courtesy Martin A. Guerrero, You-Hua Chu, and Robert A. Gruendl
