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.

.

:

, ,

, ,

.

, .

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, ,

, .

, ,

,

( , )

.

, , ,

.

, (, , ),

(),

, ,

,

.

, , .

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(C), (H), (), (N), -

(Sg), (A)

(W).

.

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%100WASNOHC g rrrrrrr

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(

)

%100WASNOHC aaagaaaa

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%100ASNOHC ssg

ssss

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,

.

[ ]%100SNOHC =++++ gggggg

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, , , , ,

,

[ ]%100SNOHC =++++ ooooo

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() . 50 % 94 %

.

- 33900 kJ/kg.

() , 4 .

, , .

()

.

() , .

,

.

(N) , , , ,

. ,

,

(Nx) .

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(S) : ( So )

, ,

, ( Sp )

( Ss ) , ,

.

, -

10500 kJ/kg.

Sg = So + Sp [%]

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,

,

.

, -

-

.

, , .

()

. ,

,

. ,

. , ,

.

,

.

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(W) , ,

( 2500 kJ/kg). , , -

.

(Ws)

(Wh) .

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.

.

105

.

.

, ()

800 , ,

. .

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(Vg) .

1000 - 1100 .

,

(Vg) .

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, , -

, -, , .

. , , Vg = 85 %,

Vg = 50 - 60 %, Vg = 35 - 50 %,

Vg= 4 - 7 %.

.

,

. . (-

) ,

.

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: ,

. (Cfix). , , ,

, .

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, , , , ,

, .

, -, .

,

.

() - ().

40 %, .

23000 25000 kJ/kg.

50 60 %.

,

.

, ,

.

.

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- 30 40 % 25000 26000 kJ/kg.

, .

10 - 30 %,

26000 30000 kJ/kg.

40 - 50 %.

-

, , ,

.

.

10 %.

30000 kJ/kg. 10 - 50 %.

.

, .

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, .

.0.001.

(

), 1440 kg/m3 ( ,

). ,

- .

, ,

. , ,

.

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, ,

, .

, ,

,

. ,

- , .

, .

, .

, , :

,

,

,

(2, Nx ),

, .

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, .

,

.

( , , ,

),

. ,

( ). ,

, . (, ,

, , , )

( ) ,

.

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.

: ,, .

, .

(86 - 88 %) (10 %), (39000

41000 kJ/kg).

, .

,

,

( ).

,

.

.

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20 .

[kg/m3]

20 [kg/m3] 20 [1/]

20

, +5 -36 .

60 125 .

500 - 600 .

( )20120

+=

tt

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.

, : .

,

10 - 15 % .

,

98 %.

(, , , )

(N2 CO2) .

33000

37000 kJ/m3.

.

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,

, , .

,

4000 - 4800 kJ/m3,

( N2 = 51-58 %, CO2 = 10-12 % ).

- (CO = 27-28

%), (H2 = 2-8 %) (CH4 = 0,3-1,6 %).

16300 - 17600 kJ/m3.

( 57 %), (

22 %) - ( 7 %).

. 5000 -

6300 kJ/m3. - (24 -

30 %), (13 - 15 %), - (0,1 - 1 %).

.

.

, .

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( )

( ).

, .

,

[kg/m3]

2500 kJ/kg, .

)rrdg HH 9HW25 +=

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.

,

[kJ/kg]

.

[kJ/kg]

[kJ/kg]

( ) 24,5WW100

W100O0,8212H

=

agvd HH

+

+= rg

rrr

gH S105008

O-H142500C33900

100

1

+

+= rrg

rrr

dH W2500S10500

8

O-H119700C33900

100

1

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,

[kJ/m3]

.

, .

. ,

29300 kJ/kg.

[kg/s]

, .

41800 kJ/kg.

( )...CH100

14CH4+= dd HH

29300d

dug

dug

BH

H

HBB ==