Changing patterns of drug trafficking: Concerted international countermeasures and regional perspective. At the Anti-Drug Liaison Officials’ Meeting for International Cooperation (ADLOMICO) Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, 8-10 June 2005. Global Seizures. Illicit Opium and Heroin Production. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1 Changing patterns of drug Changing patterns of drug trafficking: Concerted trafficking: Concerted international countermeasures international countermeasures and regional perspective and regional perspective At the Anti-Drug Liaison At the Anti-Drug Liaison Officials’ Meeting for Officials’ Meeting for International Cooperation International Cooperation (ADLOMICO) (ADLOMICO) Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, 8-10 June 2005 8-10 June 2005
Transcript
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Changing patterns of drug trafficking: Changing patterns of drug trafficking: Concerted international countermeasures Concerted international countermeasures
and regional perspective and regional perspective
At the Anti-Drug Liaison Officials’ Meeting At the Anti-Drug Liaison Officials’ Meeting for International Cooperation (ADLOMICO)for International Cooperation (ADLOMICO)
Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, 8-10 June 20058-10 June 2005
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Global Seizures
3
Illicit Opium and Heroin Production
4
The GoldenThe Golden TriangleTriangle
1993: 192,840 ha2004: 50,800 ha3/4 decline
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Opium Opium Poppy Poppy Cultivation in the Cultivation in the Golden TriangleGolden Triangle
Development of opium poppy cultivation in South-East Asia, 1990-2003
210,400
128,600123,100
96,300
74,200
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
hec
tare
s
Myanmar Lao PDR Thailand Vietnam Trend
158,30
50,800
184,600
- 73%
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Myanmar Poppy Growers are Among the Poorest
133(62%)
27681
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
US
$
Opium Sale Other sale
Opium family 214 US$/year
Non-Opium family276 US$/year
Poppy income needed to offset chronic rice deficits
Food security
Medical care
Education
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Golden Triangle: Alternative Development to Alleviate Poverty
Country Farm-gate income in
2004
(US$ M)
No. of households involved in
opium
Per capita income from
opium ($)
GDP per capita 2003
($)
Myanmar 87 240,000 35 160
Lao PDR 9 22,800 58 309
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Ha
41.000
49.000
58.000
91.000
8.000
32.00029.000
71.000
54.000
82.000
64.000
131.000
80.000
58.000
74.000
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
Opium Cultivation in Afghanistan in Hectares (1986-2004)
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Alternative Development: Missing in Afghanistan
Farm-gate income 2004
(US$ M)
No. of households involved in
opium
Per capita income from
opium ($)
GDP per capita ($)
600 356,000 260 207
No. of families with access to alternative livelihood schemes
unknown
Alternative Development projects under assessment
?
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International Operations on Precursor Chemicals
• OperationOperation Topaz
• ProjectProject Prism Prism
• Operation PurpleOperation Purple
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Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS)
• Methamphetamine• Amphetamine • MDMA and its analogues
(Ecstasy)
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Illicit ATS manufacture requires precursors which are diverted from licit international trade or domestic distribution channels
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What are the ATS precursors used in illicit What are the ATS precursors used in illicit manufacture?manufacture?
What are the ATS precursors used in illicit What are the ATS precursors used in illicit manufacture?manufacture?
Preparations containing ephedrine and pseudoephedrinePreparations containing ephedrine and pseudoephedrineEphedrine and pseudoephedrine (raw material)Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine (raw material)
Netherlands
United Kingdom
MexicoHong Kong
SAR of China
FranceGreece
Ukraine
Russian Federation
Pakistan
India
Australia
Philippines
China
Malaysia
3,4-MD-P-2-P and P-2-P3,4-MD-P-2-P and P-2-PSafrole, including safrole in the form of sassafras oilSafrole, including safrole in the form of sassafras oil
Netherlands
France Jordan
Romania
Iran
South Africa
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International Operations on Precursor Chemicals
• Operation Topaz
• Project PrismProject Prism
• Operation Purple
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Methamphetamine Plant
(Aerial View)
Illicit Methamphetamine Lab Recent Case (1) – Malaysia
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Illicit Methamphetamine Lab Recent Case (2) - Fiji
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Illicit MDMA LabRecent case - Indonesia
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What? How much?
… provides information on the nature, quality and purity of a suspected material
… provides information on how drugs are made, including the precursors used, and where they come from
… links samples
DRUG TESTING IMPURITY PROFILING
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+
“Powder” laboratory“Tableting” laboratory
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Diversion from Illicit Channels into Illicit Trafficking
