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ATHIAS,L.2011 1
MDG data disaggregation by ethnic group Brazil
Session 3: Localizing MDG monitoringPanel 3.1 Localizing the MDGs
October 20, 2011
Leonardo AthiasBrazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
International Conference on MDG StatisticsManila, Philippines, 19-21 Oct 2011
ATHIAS,L.2011 2
Contents
• Important data about Brazil
• MDG monitoring in Brazil
• IBGE and ethnic classification
• Issues about racial investigation in Brazil
• Racial inequalities regarding MDGs
• Inequalities and policies
• Ethnic classification: harmonization, coverage and challenges
• Ethnic classification: next steps
ATHIAS,L.2011 3
- Federation of 27 states- 8.5 million Km2
- 191 million inhabitants (2010 Census)
- 84% urban- 48% white population - Established statistical system - NSO- High human development...
Important data about Brazil
HDR 2010 p. 149
ATHIAS,L.2011 4
- Federation of 27 states- 8.5 million Km2
- 191 million inhabitants (2010 Census)
- 84% urban- 48% white population - Established statistical system - NSO- High human development...- ... but high levels of inequality as well
HDR 2010 p.153
Important data about Brazil
ATHIAS,L.2011 5
1st - 2004 2nd - 2005
3rd - 2007 4th - 2010
2nd - 2005 2nd - 2005
MDG monitoring in Brazil
- Reports
- Gender- Race- Regions - Southeast - Northeast- Urban and Rural areas- 5ths of income
- Inequalities tracking
ATHIAS,L.2011 6
MDG Thematic Series - 2004“Race and gender inequalities”
UNDP Publication - 2004“Racial Atlas”
- MDG related publications regarding ethnicity
MDG monitoring in Brazil
ATHIAS,L.2011 7
Proposition: Durban / MDG / DevInfoSeven Themes1- demography2- health and access to services3- reproductive health4- family and household5- education6- work and income7- unemployment and pension coverage
UNDP Publication - 2004“Racial Atlas”
- MDG related publications regarding ethnicity
MDG monitoring in Brazil
ATHIAS,L.2011 8
IBGE and ethnic classification
- IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics
- IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring
ATHIAS,L.2011 9
IBGE and ethnic classification
- IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics
- IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring
- Brazil investigates race and ethnicity since its first census (1872)
- Racial categories in censuses have been basically the same
- Interruptions: 1930s, 1970s
- Self-classification
- Categories since 1991: - White (‘Branca’) - Black (‘Preta’) - Brown (‘Parda’) - Yellow (‘Amarela’) - Indigenous (‘Indígena’)
ATHIAS,L.2011 10
IBGE and ethnic classification
- IBGE - Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics
- IBGE coordinates the national statistical system and provide official statistics to MDG monitoring
- Brazil investigates race and ethnicity since its first census (1872)
- Racial categories in censuses have been basically the same
- Interruptions: 1930s, 1970s
- Self-classification
- Categories since 1991: - White (‘Branca’) - Black (‘Preta’) - Brown (‘Parda’) - Yellow (‘Amarela’) - Indigenous (‘Indígena’)
ATHIAS,L.2011 11
- The complex racial investigation in Brazil
- Racial continuum
- Absence of legal segregation
- Studies show that differences are not only due to starting point
Issues about racial investigation in Brazil
ATHIAS,L.2011 12
- To investigate racial inequalities, it is usual to add blacks + mulattos/brown
- Main arguments:
- Statistical consistency
- Similarities of social indicators within the ‘non-white’ population
Issues about racial investigation in Brazil
1st Brazilian MDG Report (2004) IBGE - Social Indicator Synthesis (2010)
ATHIAS,L.2011 13
Inequalities and policies
- Education inequalities
- Effect of universal policies
- Direction towardsprofessional education
- Few specific racial policies
Source: 1st Brazilian MDG Report - English version (2004)
ATHIAS,L.2011 14
Inequalities and policies
Population under US$ PPC 1,25 per day according to race -Brazil - 1990/2008 - Income inequalities
- Policies of conditionalcash transfer
Source: 4th Brazilian MDG Report (2010)
ATHIAS,L.2011 15
Ethnic classif.: harmonization and coverage challenges
- Same classification in all IBGE Household surveys
- Difference with other administrative records / surveys “preta” - “negra”
- Vital statistics - absence of data on race
- E.g. child mortality: 13% registers without information on race (2008)
- Administrative registers
- Indirect: classification of members of parliament
ATHIAS,L.2011 16
- Social Statistics Committee (since 2008) - Forum - Metadata
- Better classifications / comparability - Survey on racial classification 2008
- Insert in 2012 the investigation in a module with national coverage
Ethnic classification: next steps
ATHIAS,L.2011 17
IBGEhttp://www.ibge.gov.br/english/
Social Statistics Committee (in Portuguese)http://www.ibge.gov.br/projetos/comite_estatisticas_sociais/
Survey on racial classification 2008 (in Portuguese)http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1933&id_pagina=1
E-mail [email protected]