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3rd GEF IW LEARN – UNESCO INTEGRATION DIALOGUE
Managing Groundwater in Coastal Areas and SIDS
Mediterranean information office Athena ,Greece 6-7 May 2014
Jordan Groundwater
PRESENTED BY SAMEEH AL NUIMAT / IUCN
Jordan in words Challenges and Opportunities
Area: 89,000km²Population 6.4 million in 2010 and now is 9:9 million 70% of the population (less than 30 year) Mediterranean climatic zoon to arid Rainfall range from 30mm - 600m/yearMore than 80% is desert, less than 100 mm/year 4% receive more than 300mm/year 92.5% of the water lost by evaporation
Jordan in words Challenges and Opportunities
Annual per capita share of water around143m3,projected to be 90 m3 by 2025
low recharge of Groundwater Very limited Energy resources High opportunity for
renewable energy
Challenges facing water sector in Jordan
Climatic change (rainfall reduction and fluctuation, increasing temperature )
Limited water Resources high Population growth rate 2.6% Waves of refugees from the region . 97% of the area receive less than 300mm/a 90% of the population staled in areas higher than
400mm/A rainfall low GWR because of topographical features and
urbanization infrastructures Water losses about 50% (leakages and illegal uses)
Challenges and OpportunitiesPopulation growth (natural and immigration )
Climate change
Drought and rainfall variability
High potential evapotranspiration
Surface water and ground water pollution
Ground water depletion and salinization (over pumping)
Jordan is the 4th water deprived countries Worldwide!
Non-conventional water resources?
TWW is not conceder waste , but part of water budget
Reuse Treated wastewater for agriculture is an option?
Population growth projection in Jordan
Year Total population Recent situation 2014
2012 6,338,000
2014 9.9 million
2025 8,507,131
2035 9,902,325
Jordan is a water scarce country water scarce country is the one with per capita less than 1000m³/ year/ fresh water (FAO 1997), Jordan 120 m/c/y USA = 1550 m³/c/yearallocation of per capita water supply is as follows: - Amman 120 1 pcd - Other Cities 100 1 pcd - Suburban's 80 1 pcd - Remote Villages 80 1 pcd - (W.H.O standard for hygiene =50lpcd
Average Annual Rainfall Average annual rainfall water = 8.5 billion CM
Jordan Valley 50-300 mm (5.7%)
• High Land 400 – 580 mm (2.9%)
• Desert Area (Badia) 50 – 200 mm (91.4%)
Annual quantities (MCM):
• Wet Years 11000
• Dry years 5800
• Annual average 8300
Jordan water situation ( supply, demand, deficit)
YEAR RAINFALL MCM DEMAND MCM SUPPLY MCM DEFICIT MCM
2004 8500 1300 866 5002007 8500 1500 866 6302020 8500 1600 1000 734 Annual Per-capita shear of water decreased as result of increased demand and population
YEAR PER CAPITA M³
1946 3600 M ³
2008 160 M ³
2025 90 M ³
RENEWABLE , (800- 850 ) MCM / YEAR• Surface Water Sources 505MCM/yr • Groundwater Sources 275 MCM/yr • Treated Wastewater 110 MCM ( 2012 )• Peace treaty water 25- 50 MCM
NONRENEWABLE- * Fossil Water 140 MCM/yr.
- Brackish Water 50 MCM/yr.
Jordan water resources
Municipal = 290 MCM Irrigation 558 MCM Industrial = 39 MCM
Water Uses by Sector
Domestic24%
Agriculture70%
Industrial5%
Other1%
Water consumption866 million (cu.m.)
Jordan (2004)
Groundwater in Jordan• GW resources are limited the safe yield 275 MCM• GW resources are over exploited • Decline in the quality • Over application of fertilizer and pesticides• Illegal drilling wells ¼ of the total pore hall • Decreasing water level about 1 meter /year• Spring stop flowing • Shallow wells abounded , and degraded quality • Lack of management of trans-boundary water aquifers • Government start to reduce the over extraction (action taken )
SAYF YIELD
Basin Safe yield Abstracted Balance % Abstracted
Yarmok 40 43.3 -3.3 108
Said valleys 15 25 -10 172
Jordan valley 21 27.9 -6.9 133
Azraq 24 59.3 -35.3 247
Amman zarqa
87.5 138.7 -51.2 158
Srhan 5 3,8 1.2 76
Hammad 8 0.9 +7.1 11
Dead sea 57 89.3 -32.3 157
Disi 0 82.1 42.9
North Araba 3.5 6,7 -3.2 193
Red sea 5.5 17.4 -11.9 316
Jafer 9 24.8 -15.8 276
Total 275.5 520.1 170.805
Aquifer DISI Non Renewable
• Aquifer is zero recharge • Jordan pumps 82.1 MCM, Saudi Arabia 600-700 MCM • Aqaba pumps 17 MCM projected to go up 35 MCM • Connect aquifer to Amman with a 325 Km pipeline. • Aquifer will provide 100 MCM/year over 100 years. • Price of water = JD 0.820 (Expensive water!)
Brackish Groundwater• Jordan has a number of brackish water
springs with limited use.
• Salinity places restrictions on crop selection
• Plans for more desalination plants
Current desalination 30MCM
Groundwater law • Groundwater By-law 85 of 2002 • Land ownership doesn't include the ground water • control drilling Licence ( licence to extract water )• Area of drilling, depth , well development and • Abstracting quantity , quality • Metering and Pricing tariff for private legal and illegal
well • Illegal well
• Water extracting licence
Action taken to protect ground water • Ministry of Water and Irrigation damage 224 illegal wells out of 1400 drains
more than 25 million cubic meters , • Confiscation of more than 145 drilling machine • Convert more than 1000 adjust to the courts , • Cabinet approved legislation to stop attacks
on sources of water , dig wells offense
• Measures to reduce these irregularities including:• Stop deliver electrical current to the abuse and not allow the import of
water pumps for wells , but after receiving a approval of the Water Authority to keep track of sold and installed,
• Stop work permits for foreign workers in offense farms , which owns the illegal wells )
• Alray newspaper VOL. 15886 4 /may/2014
• Workers in water entities considered as judicial police .• Considering the money belonging to the companies owned by
the water authority as public funds . • Approved new tariff for the amount of water extracted illegally
• Toughening the penalties for attacks along the water sources and lines tanker terminals pumping water , dig wells without a license is imprisonment for not less than one year nor more than five years
price of water extracted from illegal wells QUANTITY IN 1000 M³ PRICE IN FILLES
0- 10 150
10- 30 250
ABOVE 30 500
IIهةحمثة
Project implemented by :
SWIM – SM focus
WP 1
WP 2
WP 3
WP 4
WP 5
WP 6
Non-conventional
water resources
Economic Valuation of
water resources
No-regret actions for Climate
Change adaptation
Local Governance with focus on Water Users Associations
Water governance & mainstreaming
Capacity Building
Application of water management plans
Promotion of lessons learnt & good practices
Development of a Communication Strategy
Support Demonstration Projects
SWIM-Sustain Water MED project is fundedby the EU and the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development.It is one of the demonstration projects within the SWIM umbrella1 and addresses sustainable wastewater and sanitation management in the MENA region. the project is implemented in a period of 3 years from 2012-2014 by a consortium of 8 project partners with the GIZ Jordan in the lead. It operates in four countries, implementing demonstration projects inMorocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan. Each of the demonstration projects addresses a different aspect related to wastewater treatment and reuse as well as rainwater management
GoalContribute to the sustainable integrated management of non-conventional water resources in the southern Mediterranean region.
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DEMONSTRATE:Effective and cost-efficient wastewater treatment and reuse technologies through pilot projects.
ASSESS:Environmental and socio-economic impacts and translate these into policy recommendations. .
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TRAIN:Policy-makers and targeted water users in the management, operation and maintenance of these technologies.REACH OUT:To water users through targeted events and information centres.REPLICATE:Through regional networking and benchmarking as well as policy advice.
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Approach:Demonstration ProjectsIn Morocco,Implementing a comprehensive strategy for eco-sanitation and rainwater management,demonstrating the benefits of locally adapted technologies..
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Technology: Source separation, decentralized treatment, effective reuse of sanitary by-products, rainwater management.Beneficiary / Location: the village of Ait Idir, in the Souss-Massa-Drâa region in the south of Morocco. Implementing Partner: National Water Agency of the Souss-Massa-Drâa region (ABH SMD).
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In Tunisia:Implementing a wastewater quality surveillance system as well as an accompanying governance structure between water users and providers,in order to promote the safe usage of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes.
Beneficiary/Location: The local wastewater authority and surrounding farmers of the Ouljet El Khoder wastewater treatment plant in Medenine, in south-eastern Tunisia. Implementing Partner: National Sanitation Utility (ONAS), General Direction for Rural Engineering and Water Exploitation (DGGREE).
.
In Egypt,Establishing a decentralized wastewater treatment unit and reuse plan at villagelevel in a rural area. Technology: To be defined. Beneficiary/Location: Village in the Ismailia Governorate (northeast Egypt).Implementing Partner: Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW).).
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In Jordan, Establishing a decentralized wastewater treatment unit and reuse plan at a building level in a semi-urban area.Technology: Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)Beneficiary/Location: Head Quarter of the Public Security Directorate (PSD) near Amman
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Implementing Partner:AL-Balqa Applied University (BAU),International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN),Water Authority of Jordan (WAJ).
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Regional Level:For learning & comparison of best practices, the project establish a regional benchmarking and networkingsystem, including the following activities and deliverables:
• A common framework for baseline assessments as well as socio-economic and environmental impact assessments.• A compendium that provides information on the pilot projects (from planning to evaluation) as well as general lessons learned.• A website with regular updates on events and project progress. http://swim-sustain-water.eu.
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• Regional knowledge exchange meetings, including site visits • Regional training courses for relevant policymakers as well as representatives from related civil society organizations and academia.
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Implementing Partners at regional level : Adelphi Research gGmbH, Italian National Agency for New Technologies,Energy and Sustainable Economic Development,German International Cooperation (GIZ) based in Jordan.
Thank you