Athlete Burnout

A Coaches Role

1

“Normally I love playing rugby but it wasn’t enjoyable

any more.”

2

Cresswell & Eklund (2006)

“I was completely knackered. I was ‘crook as’, my shoulder was

knackered,my elbow was knackered, both my

knees. I never normally dry retch. . . but I was doing it every

game”

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Cresswell & Eklund (2006)

“With the pressure on . . . I don’t know if I’d be able to!?”

4

Cresswell & Eklund (2006)

Athlete Burnout

A Coaches Role

By Isaac Knott

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WHAT IS ATHLETE BURNOUT?

1. Physical & emotional exhaustion

2. Sport devaluation

3. Reduced athletic accomplishment

Burnout!

CRESSWELL, & EKLUND, (2006). GOODGER. et al (2007) JUDGE et al., (2012) (Judge et al., 20.

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WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

o Little is known about the topic

o Affects athletes mental & emotional wellbeing o Linked to: - A decrease in physical performance - Physical injury - Exhaustion

Picture courtesy of Pixelflakehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en

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(Cresswell and Eklund, 2006)(Gustafsson et al.,2007)(Judge et al.,2012)

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? Cont.

o 6 – 11% of athletes affected (Cresswell and Eklund, 2006)

o 410 athletes – 45 may have been suffering burnout!

o Scholars believe this is still an underestimation (Cresswell and Eklund, 2006)

(

Picture courtesy of JSCP - http://www.flickr.com/photos/60681548@N06/7879977900/

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CAUSES & SYMPTOMS

1. Physical concerns ~ Injuries, overtraining, constantly tired

2. Logistical concerns ~ Travel demands & little time for friends or school

3. Social or interpersonal concerns ~ Poor social life, negative parental influences

4. Psychological concerns ~ unfulfilled expectations, overemphasis on rank, self pressure & parental support?

9

Weinberg and Gould (2011)

CAUSES & SYMPTOMS - Cont.

Individual

Picture courtesy of mommamia: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en o f

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CAUSES & SYMPTOMS - Cont.

o Loss of interest o Lack of desire to playo Physical & mental exhaustiono Apathyo Depressiono Increased anxiety

o Concentration problemso Sleep disturbanceso Substance abuseo Mood swings

Weinberg and Gould (2011)

Hackney, Perlman and Nowacki (1990))

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Coaching Applications

o Monitor critical states in the athlete(s)

o Communicate

o Set short term goals & long terms goals for competition & training

o Program relaxation & breaks

o Implement and train self-regulation skills

12

Weinberg and Gould (2011)

Future Research

o Need to develop a universally recognised definition

o Need to develop a clear construct for diagnosis

o The incidence of burnout in coaches and officials

Picture courtesy of Sander van der Wel http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en

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Weinberg and Gould (2011)Goodger. et al (2007)

Concluding Remarks 14

References

CHEE, L., YING-MEI, T., LUNG HUNG, C. & YING HWA, K. 2007. The influence of paternalistic leadership on athlete burnout. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, S183-S183.COAKLEY, J. 1992. Burnout among adolescent athletes: a personal failure or social problem? Sociology of Sport Journal, 9, 271-285.CRESSWELL, S. & EKLUND, R. 2006. The Nature of Player Burnout in Rugby: Key Characteristics and Attributions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 219-239.GOODGER, K., GORELY, T., LAVALLEE, D. & HARWOOD, C. 2007. Burnout in Sport: A Systematic Review. Sport Psychologist, 21, 125-151.GOULD, D. & WHITLEY, M. A. 2009. Sources and Consequences of Athletic Burnout Among College Athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 2, 16-30.GUSTAFSSON, H., KENTTÄ, G., HASSMÉN, P. & LUNDQVIST, C. 2007. Prevalence of Burnout in Competitive Adolescent Athletes. Sport Psychologist, 21, 21-37.JUDGE, L. W., BELL, R. J., THEODORE, R., SIMON, L. & BELLAR, D. 2012. An Exploratory Examination of Burnout in NCAA Division II Athletes. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 5, 230-240.LAI, C. & WIGGINS, M. S. 2003. Burnout Perceptions Over Time in NCAA Division I Soccer Players. International Sports Journal, 7, 120.MAIN, L. C. & LANDERS, G. J. 2012. Overtraining or Burnout: A Training and Psycho-Behavioural Case Study. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 7, 23-32.WECKWERTH, A. C. & FLYNN, D. M. 2006. EFFECT OF SEX ON PERCEIVED SUPPORT AND BURNOUT IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. College Student Journal, 40, 237-249. 

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References - Images 16

1. Female track runner 1:pixelflake, (2010), exhaustion . Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pixelflake/4820306069/in/photostream [Accessed 12/4/13].

2. Australian Olympic team: JSCP, (2012), Olympic team 2012 . Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/60681548@N06/7879977900/ [Accessed 12/4/13].

3. Snowflake: mommamia, (2008), snowflake. Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mommamia/2217623384/ [Accessed 12/4/13].

4. Sorrowful man: Sander van der wel, (2010), Depressed . Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/jar0d/4649749639/ [Accessed 12/4/13].

5. Water polo player: istolethetv, (2010), profile . Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/istolethetv/4894033140/ [Accessed 12/4/13].

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7. Cyclist: thelearningcurvedotca, (2012), CHIN Picnic Criterium Races 2012 094 . Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/thelearningcurvedotca/7567497382/ [Accessed 12/4/13].

8. Female track runner 2: Aslanmedia, (2012), Brunei's athlete Maziah Mahusin . Available at:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/aslanmedia_official/7694957260/ [Accessed 12/4/13].

9.Female jogger: San diego Shooter, (2008), Beach Runner , Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nathaninsandiego/2696732535/ [Accessed 12/4/13]

10. Helmet girl: Photographxgirl, (2011), 110604_7527-edit1066.jpg [ONLINE]. Available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/fitchphoto/5830876123/ [Accessed 12/4/13].