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Outline General Overview
• IT Architecture
• Physical architecture
• Internet & Web architecture
• Business Process and IT in enterprise• Business Process and IT in enterprise
• Web 2.0 and Mobile Computing architecture
• Data architecture
IT Architecture
• The roadmap or blueprint that guides the
build out (kebijakan) of IT capabilities,
acquisition of networks, cloud services,
Information System, software & hardware Information System, software & hardware
• The IT architecture defines the vision,
standards, and roadmap that guide the
priorities, operations, and management of the
ITs supporting the business
Client/Server
• In general, any application where multiple
clients connect to a single server.
client1 client2 client3
server
• one client program (most typical)
or
• multiple client programs
Peer-to-Peer Computing
• Another model of distributed system
• P2P does not distinguish clients and servers
– Instead all nodes are considered peers
– May each act as client, server or both– May each act as client, server or both
– Node must join P2P network
• Registers its service with central lookup service on network, or
• Broadcast request for service and respond to requests for service via discovery protocol
– Examples include Napster and Gnutella
Cluster Network
• A cluster is a type of parallel and distributed processing system, which consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone
computers cooperatively working together as a single, integrated computing resource.
• A node
– a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, – a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, & OS
• A cluster
– generally 2 or more computers (nodes) connected together
– in a single cabinet, or physically separated & connected via a LAN
– appear as a single system to users and applications
Cluster Architecture
Sequential Applications
Parallel Applications
Parallel Programming Environment
Cluster Layer
(Single System Image and Availability Infrastructure)
Sequential Applications
Sequential Applications
Parallel Applications
Parallel Applications
(Single System Image and Availability Infrastructure)
Cluster Interconnection Network
PC/Workstation
Network Interface Hardware
Communications
Software
PC/Workstation
Network Interface Hardware
Communications
Software
PC/Workstation
Network Interface Hardware
Communications
Software
PC/Workstation
Network Interface Hardware
Communications
Software
Cloud Computing is…
… virtualized compute power and storage
delivered via platform-agnostic
infrastructures of abstracted hardware and
software accessed over the Internet. software accessed over the Internet.
These shared, on-demand IT resources, are
created and disposed of efficiently, are
dynamically scalable through a variety of
programmatic interfaces and are billed
variably based on measurable usage….
Protokol Web: HTTP
• Hypertext Transport Protocol (RFC 1945)– Oleh Tim Berners-Lee, 1990
• Protocol that used to communicate between web browsers and web servers
• Using TCP port 80 (default)• Using TCP port 80 (default)
• This protocol supports hypermedia files
• HTTP 1.0 becomes 1.1 by IETF (RFC 2616)
Web tier architecture
Client
Presentation
HTML rendering
Templates, HTML generationscripts, XML and XSLT
Application-specific componentsBusiness Logic
Data Access
Data
Application-specific componentsand application logic
Domain-specific anddatabase-independent layer,
typically object-oriented
Data storage, typicallyan (SQL) RDBMS
Service Oriented Architecture
• SOA adalah sebuah konsep architecture yang mendefinisikan penggunaan layanan untuk mendukung kebutuhan pengguna software.
• A service-oriented architecture is a framework for integrating business processes and for integrating business processes and supporting IT infrastructure as secure, standardized components—services—that can be reused and combined to address changing business priorities
Characteristics of SOA
• Services have platform
independent, self describing
interfaces (XML)
• Messages are formally defined
• Services can be discovered
SOASOASOASOA
ComposableComposable
• Services can be discovered
• Services have quality of
service characteristics defined in
policies
• Services can be provided on any
platform
SOASOASOASOAInteroperableInteroperable
LooselyLooselyCoupledCoupled
ReRe--UsableUsable
SOA implementation : Web Service
• Mempertukarkan data dalam format XML.
• Tersedia dan dikomunikasikan melalui Internet atau intranet.
• Bersifat operating system/programming language independent.
• Web service mempertukarkan data antara service requestor (aplikasi yang menggunakan data/service) dan service (aplikasi yang menggunakan data/service) dan service provider (server penyedia data/service) menggunakan service registry (yang berisi kumpulan service-service), dengan salah satu teknologi:
– XML-RPC
– SOAP
– REST
Web Service Layer
• Service transport
• XML messaging dan encoding/decoding
• Service description
• Service discovery • Service discovery
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• SOAP merupakan protokol komunikasiberbasis XML yang memperbolehkan aplikasi saling bertukar informasi melalui HTTP
• SOAP merupakan format untuk mengirimkan • SOAP merupakan format untuk mengirimkan message melalui Internet, bersifat platform independent, language independent, dan merupakan standar W3C
• SOAP membungkus request & response dalam XML
Elemen SOAP
• Elemen Envelope yang mengidentifikasi XML dokumen sebagai SOAP message (wajib)
• Elemen Header yang berisi informasi header (opsional)informasi header (opsional)
• Elemen Body yang berisi informasi call dan response (wajib)
• Elemen Fault yang berisi informasi error yang terjadi(opsional)
REST
• REST stands for Representation State Transfer
• REST is about accessing resources through a
universal interface (HTTP murni)
• Conceived in 2000 as a doctoral dissertation by Roy • Conceived in 2000 as a doctoral dissertation by Roy
Fielding (a principal author of HTTP 1.0 dan 1.1
protocol)
• RESTful URLs are addressable
– Sample: http://www.mysite.com/Products/Trek8300
• Links to related data
RESTful Web Services
Resources
Res 1
Res 2
HTTP Request
URL
GET Res 2
Res 3
Res 4
HTTP Response
Status
GET
POST
PUT
DELETEXML JSON
Payload
XML JSON
Fu
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ons
rketing
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Purchasi
Warehou
Finance & Acc
Human Reso
Operatio
Sales & Mar
Information Tec
Research & Dev
E-Commerce
• Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan perniagaan / perdagangan
– Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS
– Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking
• Secara khusus• Secara khusus
– Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan
– Ada transaksi
• E-Commerce dimulai sejak 1970-an
• Pure EC (cth: e-book) vs Partial EC (cth: book)
Data Warehouse vs Data Mart
• DW: A generic term for a system of storing, retrieving and managing large amounts of data– Software often includes sophisticated compression
and hashing techniques for fast searching and filtering
• DM: type of data warehouse designed mainly to • DM: type of data warehouse designed mainly to address a specific function or department’s needs– Often uses aggregation or summarization of the data
to enhance query performance
– Important, however, to maintain the ability to access the underlying base data to enable drilldown analysis as necessary
Data Mining• Exploration & analysis, by automatic or
semi-automatic means, of
large quantities of data
in order to discover
meaningful patterns