Atlas ehealth who

Based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth

eHealth country profilesATLAS

2010

Global Observatory for eHealth series - Volume 1

WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Atlas eHealth country profiles: based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth.

(Global Observatory for eHealth Series, 1)

1.Medical informatics. 2.Information technology. 3.Technology transfer. 4.Data collection. 5.Health

policy. I.WHO Global Observatory for eHealth.

ISBN 978 92 4 156416 8 (NLM classification: W 26.5)

ISSN 2220-5462

© World Health Organization 2011

All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO

Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41

22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to

reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution

– should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail:

[email protected]).

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not

imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization

concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or

concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent

approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that

they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others

of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of

proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.

All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify

the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being

distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the

interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health

Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.



Global Observatory for eHealth series - Volume 120

10

AcknowledgmentsThis publication is part of a series of reports based on the second Global Observatory on

eHealth (GOe) Survey. The preparation of this report would not have been possible without

the input of hundreds of eHealth experts and the support of the numerous colleagues at

the World Health Organization headquarters, regional and country offices.

Our sincere gratitude goes to over 800 eHealth experts in 114 countries worldwide who

helped shape this report by sharing their knowledge through completing the survey. We

are also indebted to an extensive network of eHealth professionals and WHO staff who

assisted with the design and implementation of the survey. Names of contributors can be

found at http://www.who.int/goe

Special thanks to the many authors and reviewers who contributed their time and ideas

to this publication especially Titilola Falasinnu (Lola) who developed the template and

compiled the secondary data for each participating Member State. The document was

reviewed by colleagues Gael Kernen, Joan Dzenowagis and Ahmad Hosseinpoor.

Special appreciation to:

Messagio Studios and Jillian Reichenbach Ott for their design and layout, and Kai Lashley

for technical editing.

The global survey and this report were prepared by the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth:

Misha Kay, Jonathan Santos, and Marina Takane.

Table of contents

i

Background . . . . . . . ii

Methodological considerations . . . iii

Quality assurance . . . . . . iii

Terminology and interpretation . . . vi

Presentation of primary data . . . viii

Presentation of secondary data . . . ix

Country profiles . . . . . . 1

Background

This publication presents data on the 114 WHO Member States that participated in

the 2009 global survey on eHealth. Intended as a reference to the state of eHealth

development in Member States, the publication highlights selected indicators in the form

of country profiles.

The objectives of the country profiles are to:

describe the current status of the use of ICT for health in Member States; and

provide information concerning the progress of eHealth applications in these countries.

Due to layout restrictions, additional information provided by Member States could not be

included in these profiles. The country survey tools may be downloaded from the following

web site: http://www.who.int/goe. All country profiles can be accessed at the same URL as

well as the full country data sets.

1A guide to the eHealth country profiles

ii

Methodological considerations

A total of 114 countries (59% of WHO Member States, representing 81% of the world’s

population) completed at least one section of the survey (Figure 1). The survey responses

were based on self-reporting by a selected group of eHealth expert informants for

each participating country. Although national survey administrators were given detailed

instructions to maintain consistency, there was significant variation across participating

Member States in the quality and level of detail in the responses, particularly to

descriptive, open-ended questions. While survey responses were checked for consistency

and accuracy, it was not possible to verify all responses to every question.

The scope of the survey was broad; survey questions covered diverse areas of eHealth,

from policy issues and legal frameworks to specific types of eHealth initiatives being

conducted. While every effort was made to select the best national experts to complete

the instrument, it was not possible to determine whether they had the collective eHealth

knowledge to answer each question. Further, there is no guarantee that national experts

used the detailed instructions included with the survey when responding.

Quality assurance

Country profiles are intended to provide a ‘snapshot’ of the status of eHealth in WHO

Member States according to selected criteria. The Global Observatory for eHealth (GOe)

implemented a range of measures to assure their quality. The questionnaires received

from participating countries were reviewed for completeness. External sources of

information were used for validation of the data and to resolve inconsistencies. Data

were reviewed before entry and after layout for publication.

iii

Reponding Member State

Data not available

Not applicable

Figure 1: Countries completing part or all of the global eHealth survey

iv

v

Terminology and interpretation

The following terms and definitions were used in the survey and therefore apply to the

country profiles. The terms are listed in the order they appear in the country profiles.

National eGovernment policy: the vision and objectives for the use of information

and communication technologies (ICT) to exchange information, provide services,

and communicate with citizens, businesses, and other sectors.

National eHealth policy: the vision and objectives to promote the use of ICT

specifically for the health sector.

National ICT procurement policy: the principles for the acquisition of software,

hardware, and content for the health sector.

National multiculturalism policy: the vision and objectives to promote and respect

linguistic diversity, cultural identity, traditions, and religions within cultures.

Personal identifiable data: information which can specifically identify an individual.

This can include, but is not limited to, names, date of birth, addresses, telephone

numbers, occupations, photographs, fingerprints – regardless of the format or

medium in which it is held.

Health-related data: information recorded about an individual including their

illnesses and prescribed treatments. It generally includes details of prescribed

medication, and any medical or surgical procedures undertaken as well as

treatments received from other health-care providers.

eHealth: the use of ICT for health

Electronic Medical Records / Electronic Health Records (EMR/EHR): a real-time

longitudinal electronic record of an individual patient’s health information that

can assist health professionals with decision-making and treatment. Terms used

interchangeably in this survey.

Internet pharmacies: Internet sites selling pharmaceuticals and related products.

Funding: eHealth funding can come from a number of sources. Public funding

is support through financial resources provided by government be it national,

regional, or district level. Private funding is support through financial or in-kind

resources provided by the private or commercial sector. Donor/non-public funding

is support through financial or in-kind resources provided by development

agencies, banks, foundations or other non-public funding bodies. These can be

international, regional, or national bodies. Public-private partnerships are joint

ventures between public organizations and private sector companies to work

together to achieve a common goal.

vi

Capacity building: the development of the health work force through training. ICT

skills and knowledge are key elements in developing an information society. They

contribute to building capacity through their inclusion in education and training.

ICT continuing education: courses or programmes for health professionals (not

necessarily for formal accreditation) that bring participants up-to-date with ICT

knowledge or skills for health settings.

Telemedicine (or telehealth): involves the delivery of health services using ICT,

specifically where distance is a barrier to health care. It falls under the rubric of

eHealth.

mHealth (or mobile health): a term for medical and public health practice

supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices,

personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other wireless devices.

eLearning: the use of ICT for learning. It can be used to improve the quality of

education, to increase accessibility to education (for those geographically isolated

or those who have access to inadequate learning facilities), and to make new

and innovative forms of education available to more people.

vii

Presentation of primary data

Below is a sample of a typical table found in the country profiles. Descriptions follow,

which correspond to the boxed numbers.

Country response is the country’s answer to “Yes/No/Do not know” questions in the survey. It could also refer to the country’s selection of the options presented in closed-ended questions. The country has instituted legislation to ensure privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of whether it is in analogue or digital format. The global response is the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes” to questions. Alternatively, it also indicates the percentage of countries selecting an option presented in closed-ended questions. Seventy per cent of participating Member States responded that they have instituted legislation to ensure privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of whether it is in analogue or digital format.

The country has no legislation that either allows or prohibits Internet pharmacy purchases from other countries. Globally, 6% of responding countries indicated that they have legislation that allows Internet pharmacy purchases from other countries. Twelve per cent have legislation that prohibits Internet pharmacy purchases from other countries.

The options in this section are listed in the order of global importance. Based on the aggregated responses from all participating Member States, voluntary compliance was the most cited answer (55%), while official approval through certification, accreditation, or quality seals was the least cited.

The country does not utilize official approval through certification, accreditation, or quality seals as a quality assurance approach to health-related Internet content. In contrast, 16% of responding countries indicated that they have adopted official approval through certification, accreditation, or quality seals as an approach to health-related Internet content.

II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§

Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70

1 No 30Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1

Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11

Internet pharmaciesProhibits

No 7No

Internet safetyYes 47

Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content

Yes 55No 28

Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 16

1.

2.

3.

4.

YesYes 7070NoNo 3030

1.

ooNoNo

Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentQuality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYesYes 5555NoNo 2828

Government intervention through laws or regulationsGovernment intervention through laws or regulations NoNo 2626NoNo 2323NoNo 1616

2.

3.

4.

viii

Presentation of secondary data

The following socioeconomic indicators were selected for each country to complement

the country profile information. Indicators and their sources are included below.

1. Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: http://esa.un.org/unpp

2. Gross national income (GNI) per capita (international $). PPP int. $ = Purchasing Power Parity at international dollar rate (2008). World Development Indicators Database, 2009. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2009: http://www.worldbank.org/data

3. World Bank income category. divided among income groups according to 2008 gross national income (GNI) per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. The groups are: low income, US$ 975 or less; lower-middle income, US$ 976–3855; upper-middle income, US$ 3856–11 905; and high income, US$ 11 906 or more. http://www.worldbank.org

4. Country grouping by OECD and non-OECD membership. For more information, see the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: http://www.oecd.org

5. Life expectancy at birth in years (2007). WHO Global Atlas of the Health Workforce. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table1.pdf

6. Total health expenditure (% GDP). Total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product (2010). WHO National Health Accounts (NHA) Country health expenditure database. Geneva, World Health Organization: http:www.who.int/nha/country

7. Per capita total health expenditure (PPP international $). PPP int. $ = Purchasing Power Parity at international dollar rate (2010). WHO National Health Accounts (NHA) Country health expenditure database. Geneva, World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/nha/country

8. Hospital bed density per 10 000 population (2008). WHO World Health Statistics. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table6.pdf

9. Physician density per 10 000 population (2007). WHO World Health Statistics. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table6.pdf

10. Nurse density per 10 000 population (2007): WHO World Health Statistics. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table6.pdf

11. ICT Development Index 2008. International Telecommunication Union ICT Statistics: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2010/Material/MIS_2010_Summary_E.pdf

12. ICT Development Index rank 2008. International Telecommunication Union ICT Statistics: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2010/Material/MIS_2010_Summary_E.pdf

13. Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 population (2009). International Telecommunication Union ICT Statistics: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/Indicators.aspx#

14. Internet users per 100 population (2009). International Telecommunication Union ICT Statistics: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/Indicators.aspx#

15. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. The sum of years of potential life lost due to premature mortality and the years of productive life lost due to disability (2004). Department of Measurement and Health Information, World Health Organization, 2008: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/index.html

ix

1

Afghanistan . . . . . 3

Albania . . . . . . 5

Argentina . . . . . . 7

Armenia . . . . . . 9

Austria . . . . . . 11

Azerbaijan . . . . . 13

Bangladesh . . . . . 15

Belarus . . . . . . 17

Belgium . . . . . . 19

Belize. . . . . . . 21

Benin. . . . . . . 23

Bhutan . . . . . . 25

Botswana . . . . . . 27

Brazil . . . . . . . 29

Brunei Darussalam. . . . 31

Bulgaria . . . . . . 33

Burkina Faso . . . . . 35

Burundi . . . . . . 37

Cambodia . . . . . 39

Cameroon . . . . . 41

Canada . . . . . . 43

Cape Verde . . . . . 45

Chad . . . . . . . 47

China. . . . . . . 49

Colombia . . . . . . 51

Comoros . . . . . . 53

Congo . . . . . . 55

Croatia . . . . . . 57

Cyprus . . . . . . 59

Czech Republic . . . . 61

Denmark . . . . . . 63

Dominican Republic . . . 65

Egypt. . . . . . . 67

El Salvador . . . . . 69

Eritrea . . . . . . 71

Estonia . . . . . . 73

Ethiopia . . . . . . 75

Fiji . . . . . . . 77

Finland . . . . . . 79

France . . . . . . 81

Gambia . . . . . . 83

Germany . . . . . . 85

Ghana . . . . . . 87

Greece . . . . . . 89

Guinea-Bissau . . . . . 91

Hungary . . . . . . 93

Iceland . . . . . . 95

India . . . . . . . 97

Indonesia . . . . . . 99

Iran (Islamic Republic of ) . . 101

Israel . . . . . . . 103

Jordan . . . . . . 105

Kuwait . . . . . . 107

Kyrgyzstan . . . . . 109

Lao People’s Democratic Republic 111

Latvia. . . . . . . 113

Lebanon . . . . . . 115

Lesotho . . . . . . 117

2Country profiles

2

Liberia . . . . . . 119

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya . . 121

Lithuania . . . . . . 123

Madagascar . . . . . 125

Malaysia . . . . . . 127

Maldives . . . . . . 129

Mali . . . . . . . 131

Malta . . . . . . . 133

Mauritania . . . . . 135

Mauritius . . . . . . 137

Mexico . . . . . . 139

Mongolia . . . . . . 141

Montenegro . . . . . 143

Morocco . . . . . . 145

Mozambique . . . . . 147

Nepal. . . . . . . 149

New Zealand . . . . . 151

Niger . . . . . . . 153

Nigeria . . . . . . 155

Norway . . . . . . 157

Oman . . . . . . 159

Pakistan . . . . . . 161

Panama . . . . . . 163

Paraguay . . . . . . 165

Peru . . . . . . . 167

Philippines . . . . . 169

Poland . . . . . . 171

Portugal . . . . . . 173

Qatar . . . . . . . 175

Republic of Korea . . . . 177

Republic of Moldova . . . 179

Sao Tome and Principe . . . 181

Senegal . . . . . . 183

Seychelles . . . . . 185

Sierra Leone . . . . . 187

Singapore. . . . . . 189

Slovakia . . . . . . 191

Slovenia . . . . . . 193

Spain . . . . . . . 195

Sri Lanka . . . . . . 197

Sudan . . . . . . 199

Swaziland . . . . . . 201

Switzerland . . . . . 203

Syrian Arab Republic . . . 205

Thailand . . . . . . 207

Togo . . . . . . . 209

Tonga. . . . . . . 211

Turkey . . . . . . 213

Turkmenistan . . . . . 215

United Kingdom . . . . 217

United States of America . . 219

Uzbekistan . . . . . 221

Viet Nam . . . . . . 223

Yemen . . . . . . 225

Zambia . . . . . . 227

Zimbabwe . . . . . 229

3

AfghanistanCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 27 208 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.3 —

1 110 84 —

World Bank income group Low 4 42.63

No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 2.0 3.55

42 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 5.0 61 622

Sources: See page ix

policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.

1. eHealth foundation actions

I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation

National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —

National telemedicine policy No 25c — —





Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No

Internet safetyNo 47No 22

Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28

Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17

IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§

ICT educationNo 77No 75

Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73

Nursing — 62— 60

Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54

§

1 ecords

Afgha

nistan

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion

III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source

Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public

fundingPublic-private

partnerships funding

response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28

Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4

4

2. eHealth applications

I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§

Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25

— —Yes 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37No 31

Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17

Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52No 46

Legal and ethical No 45No 40

Patients' perception No 30

II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§

mHealth initiativesNo 83No 12

Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53

Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44

No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26

IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§

eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No

Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45

Yes 42Lack of demand No 21

IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals

Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§

— 68 — 71— 52 — 56

Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

5

AlbaniaCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 3 143 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.8 3.12

8 170 536 83

World Bank income group Lower-middle







National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2004Yes 55 Partly 2004Yes 37 Yes 2007No 30 — —








Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28



ICT educationYes 77Yes 75

Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo 73

Nursing No 62Yes 60

Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54

§

1 ecords

Albania

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 No 56 —No — 33 No 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

6




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

Yes 37No 31

Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17

Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52Yes 46

Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40

Patients' perception Yes 30


mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12


Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44

No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45




— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

7

ArgentinaCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.38

14 120 1 385

World Bank income group Upper-middle 41 130.31







National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —




1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1



No 7Do not know



Yes 56No 28




Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73

Nursing Yes 62Yes 60

Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54

§

1 ecords

Arg

entin

aW

HO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 No 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

8




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

Yes 37Yes 31

Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17

Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46

Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40



mHealth initiativesYes 83

No data 12


Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44

Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26


eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes

Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45

No 42Lack of demand Yes 21



Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56

Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

9

ArmeniaCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 3 077 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.8

5 420 228 88

World Bank income group Lower-middle 41











1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1

Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11

Internet pharmaciesDo not knowDo not know 7Do not know





ICT educationYes 77No 75




§

1 ecords

Arm

enia

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28

Software No 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —No Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 Yes — 4

10




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37Yes 31

Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17

Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46




mHealth initiativesNo 83

No data 12


Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44

No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45





Nursing Yes 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

11

AustriaCou

ntry

indicators


38 550 3 836 17

World Bank income group 78 136.71

Physician density (per 10 000 population) 73.45






National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly 2006No 37 — —No 30 — —

National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —






No 7No



Yes 56No 28





Nursing No 62No 60

Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54

§

1 ecords

Aus

tria

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 No Yes 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 No 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes No 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 No No 4

12



Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25

Partly —Yes 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

Yes 37Yes 31






mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12



Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45




Yes 68 No 71Yes 52 Yes 56

Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

13

AzerbaijanCou

ntry

indicators


316 81

World Bank income group Lower-middle 87.83

No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 27.40













Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22

Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28







§

1 ecords

Aze

rbaija

nW

HO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

14




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37Yes 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46





Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53


No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45

No 42Lack of demand No 21



Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56

Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

15

BangladeshCou

ntry

indicators


1 580 47 137








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2002No 55 — —No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2007



Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70








ICT educationNo 77Yes 75




§

1 ecords

Bang

lade

shW

HO S

outh

-East A

sia R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4

16




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37No 31

Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17








Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26







— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Sou

th-E

ast A

sia R

egion

17

BelarusCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.5 4.07

12 380 800 55



70 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 125.6








Legislation on personal and health-related dataDo not know 70



Internet pharmaciesDo not know

No 7No

Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22


Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23Yes 17


ICT educationDo not know 77Do not know 75




§

1 ecords

Belaru

sW

HO E

uro

pean R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

18




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37Yes 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52Yes 46





Do not know 12



Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45





Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

19

BelgiumCou

ntry

indicators


36 520 23

World Bank income group 53

Physician density (per 10 000 population) 42.3 76.20






National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2000Yes 55 Partly 2005Yes 37 Yes 2003Yes 30 Yes Before 2000





Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11


Yes 7Prohibits



Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23Yes 17




Nursing No 62Yes 60


§

1 ecords

Belgium

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — No 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 NoYes Yes 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 Yes 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4

20




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37Yes 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46










Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45




Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

21

BelizeCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 301 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 —

288 —

World Bank income group Lower-middle 12 52.74







National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 No —No 37 — —No 30 — —





Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11










§

1 ecords

Belize

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes No 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes No 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 Yes No 4

22




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

Yes 37No 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26


eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Yes

Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45




— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56

Nursing — 50 Yes 55Pharmacy — 45 No 37Dentistry — No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

23

BeninCou

ntry

indicators


1 510 72 141








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2000No 30 — —













Nursing No 62Yes 60


§

1 ecords

Benin

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesNo No 33 No 51 No 28

Skills training No 61 No 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

24




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37No 31



Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40






No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26







— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

25

BhutanCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 687 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 1.62

5 300 123


No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 7.17













Internet safetyYes 47No 22








§

1 ecords

Bhutan

WHO S

outh

-East A

sia R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes — 4

26




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37Yes 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58Yes 52Yes 46







No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26


eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No





No 68 No 71Yes 52 No 56

Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Sou

th-E

ast A

sia R

egion

27

BotswanaCou

ntry

indicators


12 860

World Bank income group Upper-middle 18







National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2003Yes 37 Yes Before 2000Yes 30 Partly 2009





Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11




Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17






§

1 ecords

Botswana

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesNo Yes 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes Yes 4

28




Partly —No 22


Yes 37No 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52Yes 46





No data 12



Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45




No 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

29

BrazilCou

ntry

indicators


10 260 60


No Physician density (per 10 000 population)

73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 20 112





National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2005Do not know 55 — —Do not know 37 — —

Yes 30 Partly Do not knowNational telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —














§

1 ecords

Brazil

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —No — 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4

30




Yes —No data 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No data 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 40Organizational culture not supportive No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 38Lack of policy frameworks No data 37

No data 37No data 31

Lack of nationally adopted standards No data 26Lack of knowledge of applications No data 25Lack of technical expertise No data 17






No data 12

Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53

Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44

No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45





Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

31

Brunei DarussalamCou

ntry

indicators


42

















No 56Yes 28



ICT educationDo not know 77

Yes 75Professional groups offered ICT continuing education

Yes 73Nursing Yes 62

Yes 60Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54

§

1 ecords

Brun

ei D

aru

ssalam

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region






Software Yes 76 — 35 No 56 —Yes — 33 No 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 No — 4

32




— —No 22


Yes 37No 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26


eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals No

Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 64Lack of policy framework No data 63Lack of skilled course developers No data 55Lack of knowledge of applications No data 46Perceived costs too high No data 45

No data 42Lack of demand No data 21



— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

33

BulgariaCou

ntry

indicators


43









National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No data —






No 7Prohibits


Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28

Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17






§

1 ecords

Bulgaria

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 No 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 No No 4

34




No data —Yes 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37No 31

Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17

Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52No 46










Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45





Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

35

Burkina FasoCou

ntry

indicators


1 170 155

World Bank income group Low 24.27







National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2006No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2007No 30 — —







Internet safetyNo 47

No data 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content








§

1 ecords

Burk

ina F

aso

WHO A

frican R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 No — 4

36




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37No 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52No 46







Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26







Yes 68 — 71Yes 52 — 56

Nursing Yes 50 — 55Pharmacy Yes 45 — 37Dentistry Yes — 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

37

BurundiCou

ntry

indicators


52 —


No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5






National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2007No 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Buru

ndi

WHO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 Yes — 28

Software No 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

38




— —No 22


No 37No 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46





No data 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26







Yes 68 No 71No 52 No 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

39

CambodiaCou

ntry

indicators


1 850 138 120

World Bank income group Low — 42.34







National eGovernment policy Do not know 85 — —No 55 — —

Do not know 37 — —No 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Cambo

dia

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region






Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28


40




— —Do not know 22


No 37No 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46





Do not know 12






Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45




— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

41

CameroonCou

ntry

indicators


2 200 121 138








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2009No 55 — —No 37 — —Yes 30 Yes 2005








Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28







§

1 ecords

Camer

oon

WHO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28

Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 No— — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support — 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 Yes No 4

42




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37No 31







No data 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26









a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

43

CanadaCou

ntry

indicators


21








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Partly Before 2000No 37 — —No 30 — —





Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11




Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17






§

1 ecords

Cana

daW

HO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s







Skills training Yes 61 No 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4

44




— —Yes 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

Yes 37Yes 31







Do not know 12











Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

45

Cape VerdeCou

ntry

indicators


3 530 151 102








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005Yes 55 Partly 2005No 37 — —Yes 30 Yes 2005











ICT educationNo data 77



No 60Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54

§

1 ecords

Cape

Ver

deW

HO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4

46




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37No 31
















No 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56

Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

47

ChadCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP)

1 230 72








National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly Before 2000







No 7No








Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54

§

1 ecords

Chad

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28


48




— —No 22


No 37Yes 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26


eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Do not know






Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

49

ChinaCou

ntry

indicators


6 770








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005Yes 55 Partly 2003No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2004






Internet pharmaciesAllows

No 7No









§

1 ecords

China

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — No 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 YesYes — 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No 4

50




Partly —No data 22


No 37No 31
















Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

51

ColombiaCou

ntry

indicators


8 500 518 63























§

1 ecords

Colombia

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 No 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4

52






Yes 37No 31







Do not know 12



Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

53

ComorosCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 661 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.3 1.46

1 300 38 134

World Bank income group Low 22







National eGovernment policy Yes 85 No —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —








No data 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content








§

1 ecords

Comor

osW

HO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes — 28

Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 No 51 — 28

Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No — 4

54




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37Yes 31

Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17






No data 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26







— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

55

CongoCou

ntry

indicators


70 132
























§

1 ecords

Cong

oW

HO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 — No 28

Software No 76 — 35 — 56 NoYes — 33 — 51 No 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No 4

56




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37No 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26







— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

57

CroatiaCou

ntry

indicators


36















No 7Prohibits









§

1 ecords

Croa

tiaW

HO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 — — 4

58




Partly —Yes 22


No 37Yes 31







No data 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

59

CyprusCou

ntry

indicators


28 050 3 312








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001Yes 55 Partly 2005Yes 37 Partly 2009Yes 30 Do not know —





Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11


No 7No









§

1 ecords

Cypr

usW

HO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


60




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

Yes 37No 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26







Yes 68 — 71No 52 — 56

Nursing Yes 50 — 55Pharmacy No 45 — 37Dentistry No — 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

61

Czech RepublicCou

ntry

indicators


23 610 1 684 37








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly 2008No 37 — —No 30 — —







No 7Allows









§

1 ecords

Czec

h Re

public

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 No Yes 28

Software Yes 76 No 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 No 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

62




— —No 22


Yes 37Yes 31












Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

63

DenmarkCou

ntry

indicators


37 720 3 630 4



Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 11 286












Internet safetyNo data 47No data 22








§

1 ecords

Denm

ark

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 — — 28

Software No 76 — 35 — 56 —No — 33 — 51 — 28


64




Partly —No 22




Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development No dataNo data 58No data 52No data 46

Legal and ethical No data 45No data 40

Patients' perception No data 30








Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45




No 68 No 71Yes 52 Yes 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

65

Dominican RepublicCou

ntry

indicators


8 100 446








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2004No 55 — —Yes 37 Yes 2008No 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Dominican

Repu

blic

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesYes — 33 No 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes No 4

66




— —No data 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37No 31







No data 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26








Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

67

EgyptCou

ntry

indicators


333



Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 33.5 20 261





National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly 2006Yes 37 Partly Do not know

No data 30 No data No dataNational telemedicine policy No 25c — —





Internet pharmaciesNo

Do not know 7No





ICT educationNo data 77No data 75

Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo data 73

Nursing No data 62No data 60

Dentistry No data 54Pharmacy No data 54

§

1 ecords

Egyp

tW

HO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes No 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 No 56 NoYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 No 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 No No 4

68






No 37No 31







No data 12



Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

69

El SalvadorCou

ntry

indicators


6 360 410 103








National eGovernment policy Do not know 85 — —Do not know 55 — —Do not know 37 — —Do not know 30 — —

National telemedicine policy Do not know 25c — —






No 7Do not know







Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

El S

alvado

rW

HO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s






Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28


70



Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Do not know 25

— —No 22


No 37No 31







Do not know 12





eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals Do not know





— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

71

EritreaCou

ntry

indicators


640 152


No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.5 —





















§

1 ecords

Eritr

eaW

HO A

frican R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes — 4

72




— —No data 22









No data 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26


eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No data





Yes 68 No data 71Yes 52 No data 56

Nursing Yes 50 No data 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No data 37Dentistry Yes No data 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

73

EstoniaCou

ntry

indicators


1 103 22








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Yes 2003No 37 — —No 30 — —

National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —






No 7Prohibits









§

1 ecords

Estonia

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 No No 4

74




Yes —Do not know 22


Yes 37Yes 31









Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

75

EthiopiaCou

ntry

indicators


30 154








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2009No 55 — —

Do not know 37 — —Yes 30 Yes 2004













Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Ethiop

iaW

HO A

frican R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesNo — 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4

76




— —Yes 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37Yes 31












Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

77

FijiCou

ntry

indicators


4 570 166



70 Nurse density (per 10 000 population)





National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2007

Do not know 30 — —National telemedicine policy No 25c — —





Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7

Do not know Internet safety

No 47Yes 22








§

1 ecords

Fiji

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region







Skills training No 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4

78






Yes 37Yes 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

79

FinlandCou

ntry

indicators


34 430 12








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly Before 2000No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly Before 2000







Yes 7Allows









§

1 ecords

Finland

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 — — 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 —Yes Yes 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 No 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — — 4

80




— —Yes 22


No 37Yes 31









Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26









a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

81

FranceCou

ntry

indicators


3 778 18








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2008Yes 55 Partly 2002No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly No data









Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23Yes 17




Yes 73Nursing No 62

No 60Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54

§

1 ecords

Franc

eW

HO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 — — 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4

82




— —Yes 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37No 31

















Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

83

GambiaCou

ntry

indicators


1 330 73 124























§

1 ecords

Gambia

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No — 4

84




— —No 22


No 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

85

GermanyCou

ntry

indicators


13








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly 2003Yes 37 Partly Before 2000No 30 — —







Yes 7Allows









§

1 ecords

Ger

many

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 Yes 37 — No 28

Software No 76 Yes 35 — 56 NoYes Yes 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 No 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4

86






No 37No 31







Do not know 12






Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45

Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21




Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

87

GhanaCou

ntry

indicators


1 480 113 116













Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No data 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11










§

1 ecords

Gha

naW

HO A

frican R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 NoYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes No 4

88




— —No data 22



















Nursing Yes 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

89

GreeceCou

ntry

indicators


28 440 2 852 30








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2008Yes 30 Yes Before 2000







Yes 7Allows



Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23No 17






§

1 ecords

Gre

ece

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — — 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 —Yes Yes 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 — — 4

90




Partly —Yes 22


Yes 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

91

Guinea-BissauCou

ntry

indicators


1 060 32 156



Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 5.5


















Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Guine

a-B

issau

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training — 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No — 4

92




— —No 22


No 37No 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58Yes 52No 46







Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26







— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

93

HungaryCou

ntry

indicators


18 570 34








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007No 37 — —No 30 — —





Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries No 11


Do not know 7No







Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Hung

ary

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 NoYes No 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 Yes 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4

94






No 37Yes 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26


eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals Yes

Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

95

IcelandCou

ntry

indicators


4 310 6








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly Before 2000Yes 37 Partly 2001No 30 — —

National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No —






No 7No









§

1 ecords

Iceland

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — Yes 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 YesYes — 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No 4

96




No —No 22


Yes 37Yes 31







Do not know 12



Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45




No 68 No 71Yes 52 No 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

97

IndiaCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 1 181 412 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 1.75

3 260 116 117

World Bank income group Lower-middle 43.83




















Nursing No 62Yes 60


§

1 ecords

India

WHO S

outh

-East A

sia R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 Yes No 4

98




Partly —Yes 22


Yes 37No 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58No 52Yes 46





Do not know 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26









a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Sou

th-E

ast A

sia R

egion

99

IndonesiaCou

ntry

indicators


4 060 82 107








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003Yes 55 Yes 2007No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly No data









Yes 56Yes 28







§

1 ecords

Indo

nesia

WHO S

outh

-East A

sia R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 Yes — 28

Software Yes 76 No 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 No 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes — 4

100






No 37Yes 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26









a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Sou

th-E

ast A

sia R

egion

101

Iran (Islamic Republic of)Cou

ntry

indicators


722 84








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Do not knowYes 55 Partly 2007

No data 37 No data No dataYes 30 Partly 2006















§

1 ecords

Iran

(Islamic R

epub

lic o

f)W

HO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 — No 28

Software Yes 76 No 35 — 56 YesYes No 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 — No 4

102






Yes 37No 31







Do not know 12










— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56

Nursing — 50 No 55Pharmacy — 45 No 37Dentistry — Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

103

IsraelCou

ntry

indicators


27 040 2 288 27














Internet pharmaciesNoYes 7No







Nursing No 62Yes 60


§

1 ecords

Israel

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


104




— —No 22


Yes 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

105

JordanCou

ntry

indicators


5 840 432 74















No 7Prohibits



Yes 56Yes 28







§

1 ecords

Jord

an

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 No 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

106




— —No data 22









No data 12






Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45




— 68 Yes 71— 52 No 56

Nursing — 50 No 55Pharmacy — 45 No 37Dentistry — No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

107

KuwaitCou

ntry

indicators


65








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly Before 2000Yes 37 Partly 2000Yes 30 Yes No data








Yes 47Do not know 22








§

1 ecords

Kuwait

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 — — 4

108




No —No 22


Yes 37Yes 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26








Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

109

KyrgyzstanCou

ntry

indicators


2 200 161





















Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Kyrg

yzstan

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software No 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

110




— —No 22


No 37No 31







No data 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

111

Lao People's Democratic RepublicCou

ntry

indicators


2 210 85 118








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2008No 55 — —Yes 37 No —No 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Lao

Peop

les De

moc

ratic

Rep

ublic

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes No data 28

Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 No data— — 33 Yes 51 No data 28

Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 No data 20Ongoing support — 61 — No 35 No data 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No No data 4

112




— —No 22


Yes 37No 31









Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26







— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

113

LatviaCou

ntry

indicators


16 510 1 112 41













Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11


Yes 7Do not know



Yes 56No 28





Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Latvia

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


114




No —No 22


Yes 37No 31







No data 12





eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No data





— 68 No data 71— 52 No data 56

Nursing — 50 No data 55Pharmacy — 45 No data 37Dentistry — No data 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

115

LebanonCou

ntry

indicators


13 230 1 000 82








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly No dataNo 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —





Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries No 11


No 7Prohibits



No 56No 28







§

1 ecords

Leba

non

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 NoYes — 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4

116




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37No 31







No data 12











Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

117

LesothoCou

ntry

indicators


100 133








National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —

No data 37 No data No dataNo 30 — —





Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No data 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11










§

1 ecords

Leso

tho

WHO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No data 37 Yes No data 28

Software Yes 76 No data 35 Yes 56 No dataNo No data 33 No 51 No data 28

Skills training Yes 61 No data 26 Yes 43 No data 20Ongoing support No 61 No data No 35 No data 18Scholarships No 28 No data 8 No No data 4

118




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

Yes 37Yes 31







No data 12










— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

119

LiberiaCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 11.7 —

45 —








National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —

Do not know 37 — —Do not know 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Libe

ria

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28


120




— —No 22











Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26


eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Do not know





— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

121

Libyan Arab JamahiriyaCou

ntry

indicators


16 430 401 78

















Yes 56No 28







§

1 ecords

Liby

an

Ara

b Ja

mahiriya

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —No — 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4

122




— —No data 22


No 37Yes 31







No data 12





eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals No





— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

123

LithuaniaCou

ntry

indicators


16 740 1 178 35















No 7Prohibits



Yes 56Yes 28







§

1 ecords

Lithua

nia

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4

124




— —No 22


Yes 37No 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26







— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

125

MadagascarCou

ntry

indicators


1 050 48 144








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2007No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —













Nursing No 62Yes 60


§

1 ecords

Mada

gascar

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28


126




No —No 22


Yes 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

127

MalaysiaCou

ntry

indicators


13 530 620 56








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Yes Before 2000Yes 37 Yes 2006Yes 30 Yes Before 2000







No 7No









§

1 ecords

Malays

iaW

HO W

estern

Pacific

Region






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 YesNo Yes 33 — 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 — 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4

128




Yes —Yes 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

Yes 37No 31







No data 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

129

MaldivesCou

ntry

indicators


5 230 626 68


No Physician density (per 10 000 population)





















§

1 ecords

Maldives

WHO S

outh

-East A

sia R

egion






Software Yes 76 No 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 Yes — 4

130




— —Yes 22


No 37Yes 31
















No 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Sou

th-E

ast A

sia R

egion

131

MaliCou

ntry

indicators


62 147








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2005Yes 55 Partly No dataNo 37 — —No 30 — —











ICT educationNo data 77



Yes 60Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54

§

1 ecords

Mali

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 NoYes Yes 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 No No 4

132




Yes —Yes 22


No 37No 31

















Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

133

MaltaCou

ntry

indicators


22 640 31








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly No dataYes 55 No —No 37 — —No 30 — —









Yes 56No 28







§

1 ecords

Malta

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


134




— —No 22


Yes 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

135

MauritaniaCou

ntry

indicators


53 126























§

1 ecords

Maur

itania

WHO A

frican R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 Yes — 4

136




No —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37No 31
















— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56

Nursing — 50 No 55Pharmacy — 45 Yes 37Dentistry — No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

137

MauritiusCou

ntry

indicators


13 270 531 72













Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No data 26With different health care entities within the country No data 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11










§

1 ecords

Maur

itius

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

138




— —No 22


Yes 37Yes 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52No 46





No data 12



Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26








Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

139

MexicoCou

ntry

indicators


14 110 77








National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —Yes 37 Yes 2006Yes 30 Yes 2004













No 73Nursing Yes 62

Yes 60Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54

§

1 ecords

Mex

ico

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s






Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28


140




Yes —No 22


No 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

141

MongoliaCou

ntry

indicators


3 330 136




















Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo 73

Nursing No 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Mon

golia

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —No — 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

142




— —Yes 22


No 37No 31
















— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56

Nursing — 50 Yes 55Pharmacy — 45 Yes 37Dentistry — Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

143

MontenegroCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 622 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.57

13 130 47



74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 55.4 —




















§

1 ecords

Mon

tene

gro

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


144




— —No data 22


No 37No 31
















— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

145

MoroccoCou

ntry

indicators


4 450








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2001Yes 55 Partly 2004Yes 37 Partly 2003Yes 30 Yes Before 2000







No 7Prohibits








Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Mor

occo

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

146




— —No data 22


Yes 37No 31
















No 68 No 71No 52 No 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

147

MozambiqueCou

ntry

indicators


880 47 153









National telemedicine policy Do not know 25c — —




Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11








Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Moz

ambiqu

eW

HO A

frican R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28


148



Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Do not know 25

— —No 22


No 37No 31







Do not know 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26







— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

149

NepalCou

ntry

indicators


1 180 54 142








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007No 55 — —No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2008







Allows Internet safety

No 47No 22








§

1 ecords

Nep

al

WHO S

outh

-East A

sia R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesNo Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 No 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

150




— —No 22


No 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Sou

th-E

ast A

sia R

egion

151

New ZealandCou

ntry

indicators


26 430 2 465 16








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001Yes 55 Partly 2005Yes 37 Yes 2005







Prohibits Internet safety

Yes 47No 22








§

1 ecords

New

Zea

land

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — Yes 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 YesYes Yes 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4

152






Yes 37Yes 31







No data 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

153

NigerCou

ntry

indicators


660 40 158























§

1 ecords

Niger

WHO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28

Software No 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesNo — 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training No 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4

154




— —Yes 22


No 37No 31







No data 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

155

NigeriaCou

ntry

indicators


134 122















Internet safetyDo not know 47

No 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content

Yes 56Yes 28







§

1 ecords

Niger

iaW

HO A

frican R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

156




— —No data 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37No 31






mHealth initiativesNo data 83No data 12











Nursing Yes 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

157

NorwayCou

ntry

indicators


56 050

World Bank income group 111.38

Physician density (per 10 000 population)













No 7Allows









§

1 ecords

Nor

way

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 — — 28

Software Yes 76 No 35 — 56 —Yes Yes 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 No 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 — — 4

158




Partly —Yes 22


No 37No 31







Do not know 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

159

OmanCou

ntry

indicators


24 370 71








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly No dataYes 55 Partly Before 2000No 37 — —Yes 30 Yes Before 2000







No 7Do not know









§

1 ecords

Oman

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


160




— —Yes 22


Yes 37No 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26









a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

161

PakistanCou

ntry

indicators


2 710 71 128








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Do not knowNo 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Pakistan

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

162




— —No data 22


Yes 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

163

PanamaCou

ntry

indicators


12 530 62








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2007Yes 55 Partly 2008Yes 37 Yes 2008Yes 30 Partly 2008







Internet safetyNo 47Yes 22








§

1 ecords

Pana

ma

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — Yes 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 YesYes — 33 — 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No 4

164




Partly —No 22


Yes 37Yes 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

165

ParaguayCou

ntry

indicators


4 430















No 7No









§

1 ecords

Para

guay

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes No 4

166




— —Yes 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

167

PeruCou

ntry

indicators


8 140 385 75


No Physician density (per 10 000 population) — 31.40

76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) — 18 552


















Nursing No 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Peru

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 NoYes No 33 No 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 No 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 Yes 8 No No 4

168




Partly —Yes 22


Yes 37Yes 31












Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

169

PhilippinesCou

ntry

indicators


3 540 135








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2006No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2000No 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Philip

pine

sW

HO W

estern

Pacific

Region







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 Yes Yes 4

170




— —No data 22


No 37Yes 31


Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

171

PolandCou

ntry

indicators


18 440 1 162 40








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2008Yes 55 Partly 2004Yes 37 Partly 2007Yes 30 Partly 2004







No 7Allows



Yes 56Yes 28





Nursing No 62Yes 60


§

1 ecords

Poland

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — — 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 —Yes No 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 Yes 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — — 4

172




— —No data 22


No 37Yes 31







Do not know 12











Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

173

PortugalCou

ntry

indicators


22 870 2 334 32








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly 2008Yes 37 Partly 2007No 30 — —







Do not know 7Do not know



Yes 56Yes 28







§

1 ecords

Portug

al

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


174




No —Yes 22


Yes 37No 31
















— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

175

QatarCou

ntry

indicators


— 2 837 45























§

1 ecords

Qatar

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


176




— —No data 22


Yes 37Yes 31







No data 12










— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

177

Republic of KoreaCou

ntry

indicators


27 310 1 820 3








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2007

No data 30 No data No dataNational telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —




Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11


No 7Prohibits









§

1 ecords

Repu

blic o

f Ko

rea

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


178




Partly —No 22


No 37No 31







No data 12






Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

179

Republic of MoldovaCou

ntry

indicators


3 060 318 73























§

1 ecords

Repu

blic o

f Moldo

vaW

HO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28

Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —Yes No 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 No 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4

180






Yes 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

181

Sao Tome and PrincipeCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 160 Total health expenditure (%GDP) —

1 850 167 —























§

1 ecords

Sao

Tome

and

Princ

ipe

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 Yes — 4

182




— —No 22


No 37No 31
















— 68 — 71— 52 — 56


a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

183

SenegalCou

ntry

indicators


102 131









National telemedicine policy No data 25c No data —














§

1 ecords

Sene

gal

WHO A

frican R

egion







Skills training No 61 Yes 26 No 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 Yes 8 No Yes 4

184



Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No data 25

No data —Yes 22


No 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

185

SeychellesCou

ntry

indicators


16 820 66

World Bank income group Upper-middle 131.36







National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2005Yes 55 Partly 2001No 37 — —No 30 — —








Yes 47No 22








§

1 ecords

Seyc

helle

sW

HO A

frican R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 NoYes Yes 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training No 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

186




— —No 22


Yes 37Yes 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

187

Sierra LeoneCou

ntry

indicators


32 —








National eGovernment policy Do not know 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —

No data 30 No data No dataNational telemedicine policy No 25c — —




Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country No data 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11










§

1 ecords

Sier

ra L

eone

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —No Yes 33 No 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 Yes 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 Yes No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4

188




— —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37Yes 31









No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26









a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

189

SingaporeCou

ntry

indicators


1 757 14








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Yes 2003Yes 37 Yes Before 2000







No 7No









§

1 ecords

Sing

apo

reW

HO W

estern

Pacific

Region





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — No 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 NoYes — 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 — No 4

190






Yes 37Yes 31







No data 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

191

SlovakiaCou

ntry

indicators


21 600 1 717 38








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2008Yes 55 Partly 2009Yes 37 Yes 2005No 30 — —













Nursing No 62Yes 60


§

1 ecords

Slov

akia

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28


192




— —No data 22


No 37No 31







No data 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

193

SloveniaCou

ntry

indicators


26 340 2 183 26








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2009Yes 30 Partly 2007







No 7Prohibits









§

1 ecords

Slov

enia

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 No 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes — 4

194






Yes 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

195

SpainCou

ntry

indicators


31 630 25








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Yes 2006Yes 37 Partly 2006Yes 30 No —







Prohibits Internet safety









§

1 ecords

Spain

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — No data 28

Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 No dataYes — 33 — 51 No data 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 No data 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 No data 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No data 4

196






No 37No 31







No data 12





eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No data 72Used in training health professionals Yes







a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

197

Sri LankaCou

ntry

indicators


4 720 184 105








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003No 55 — —Yes 37 Yes 2004Yes 30 Partly 2005













Nursing No 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Sri La

nka

WHO S

outh

-East A

sia R

egion






Software No 76 — 35 Yes 56 NoNo — 33 Yes 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support No 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 Yes No 4

198




— —No 22


No 37No 31

















Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Sou

th-E

ast A

sia R

egion

199

SudanCou

ntry

indicators


2 000 77 127























§

1 ecords

Suda

nW

HO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion







Skills training No 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4

200




Partly —No 22


Yes 37No 31







No data 12






Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

201

SwazilandCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 1 168 Total health expenditure (%GDP)

4 580 115








National eGovernment policy No data 85 No data No dataNo data 55 No data No dataNo data 37 No data No dataNo data 30 No data No data



Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo data 70

1 No data 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1

Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No data 26With different health care entities within the country No data 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11

Internet pharmaciesNo dataNo data 7No data









§

1 ecords

Swaziland

WHO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No data 78 No data 37 No data No data 28

Software No data 76 No data 35 No data 56 No dataNo data No data 33 No data 51 No data 28

Skills training No data 61 No data 26 No data 43 No data 20Ongoing support No data 61 No data No data 35 No data 18Scholarships No data 28 No data 8 No data No data 4

202




— —No 22


No 37Yes 31






mHealth initiativesNo data 83No data 12











Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

203

SwitzerlandCou

ntry

indicators


41 830 4 620 7








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2006Yes 30 No data No data









Yes 56No 28







§

1 ecords

Switz

erland

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 No 37 — Yes 28

Software No 76 No 35 — 56 YesNo No 33 — 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 No 26 — 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — Yes 4

204





Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37

No 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

205

Syrian Arab RepublicCou

ntry

indicators


4 620 143

















No 56Yes 28





Nursing No 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Syrian

Ara

b Re

public

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 No 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 No 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes No 4

206




— —No data 22


Yes 37No 31







No data 12






Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45




Yes 68 — 71No 52 — 56

Nursing No 50 — 55Pharmacy Yes 45 — 37Dentistry Yes — 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

207

ThailandCou

ntry

indicators


7 640 323 76























§

1 ecords

Thaila

ndW

HO S

outh

-East A

sia R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 NoYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes No 4

208




— —No 22


No 37Yes 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Sou

th-E

ast A

sia R

egion

209

TogoCou

ntry

indicators


850 71 140













Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11








Nursing No 62Yes 60


§

1 ecords

Togo

WHO A

frican R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28


210




— —Yes 22


No 37No 31

















Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

211

TongaCou

ntry

indicators

Population (000s) 104 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 —

4 580 152 —



71 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 34.0 —




















§

1 ecords

Tong

aW

HO W

estern

Pacific

Region






Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —No No 33 Yes 51 — 28

Skills training No 61 No 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4

212




— —No data 22









No data 12










Yes 68 No 71Yes 52 Yes 56

Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No No 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

213

TurkeyCou

ntry

indicators


13 730 57








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001Yes 55 Partly 2003Yes 37 Yes Before 2000Yes 30 Yes 2008







No 7Prohibits



Yes 56No 28





Nursing No 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Turk

eyW

HO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software No 76 No 35 No 56 NoNo No 33 No 51 No 28

Skills training No 61 No 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

214




Yes —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

Yes 37No 31









Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26



Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

215

TurkmenistanCou

ntry

indicators


120 108








National eGovernment policy No 85 — —Yes 55 Partly 2006

Do not know 37 — —Yes 30 Yes 2006













Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Turk

men

istan

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —No — 33 — 51 — 28

Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4

216




Yes —No 22

Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37

No 37No 31
















Yes 68 — 71Yes 52 — 56

Nursing No 50 — 55Pharmacy Yes 45 — 37Dentistry Yes — 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

217

United KingdomCou

ntry

indicators


37 360 3 230 10

World Bank income group 130.55







National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Yes 2002Yes 37 Yes 2002Yes 30 Partly 2008






Internet pharmaciesNoYes 7No








Yes 60Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54

§

1 ecords

United

King

dom

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 — No 28

Software Yes 76 No 35 — 56 YesYes Yes 33 — 51 No 28

Skills training Yes 61 No 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 — No 4

218




Yes —Yes 22


No 37No 31







Do not know 12






Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45






a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

219

United States of AmericaCou

ntry

indicators


46 730 7 536








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly No dataYes 55 Partly 2006

Do not know 37 — —No 30 — —







Yes 7Prohibits



Yes 56Yes 28







§

1 ecords

United

States

of Amer

ica

WHO R

egion o

f th

e A

merica

s







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 Yes No 4

220




— —Yes 22


No 37Yes 31







Do not know 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26









a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Reg

ion

of the

Amer

icas

221

UzbekistanCou

ntry

indicators


134 110








National eGovernment policy Do not know 85 — —Yes 55 Partly 2009No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2009















§

1 ecords

Uzb

ekistan

WHO E

uro

pean R

egion






Software No 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28

Skills training No 61 Yes 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4

222




Partly —Yes 22


No 37No 31
















— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56

Nursing — 50 Yes 55Pharmacy — 45 Yes 37Dentistry — Yes 37

a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Eur

opea

n Re

gion

223

Viet NamCou

ntry

indicators


2 850 201 86








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001Yes 55 Partly 2004Yes 37 Partly No dataNo 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Viet Nam

WHO W

estern

Pacific

Region







Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes No 4

224




Partly —Do not know 22


Yes 37No 31







No data 12












a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Wes

tern

Pacific

Reg

ion

225

YemenCou

ntry

indicators


2 340 104
















No 47No 22






Nursing Yes 62No 60


§

1 ecords

Yemen

WHO E

astern

Medite

rranean R

egion






Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28


226




— —No 22


Yes 37Yes 31







No data 12



No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26









a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

Easter

n Med

iterr

ane

an

Region

227

ZambiaCou

ntry

indicators


1 280 81 136








National eGovernment policy No data 85 No data No dataNo data 55 No data No dataNo data 37 No data No dataNo data 30 No data No data















§

1 ecords

Zambia

WHO A

frican R

egion





response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No data 78 No data 37 No data No data 28

Software No data 76 No data 35 No data 56 No dataNo data No data 33 No data 51 No data 28

Skills training No data 61 No data 26 No data 43 No data 20Ongoing support No data 61 No data No data 35 No data 18Scholarships No data 28 No data 8 No data No data 4

228




— —No data 22


Yes 37Yes 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region

229

ZimbabweCou

ntry

indicators


— 20 130








National eGovernment policy Yes 85 No —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —















§

1 ecords

Zimba

bwe

WHO A

frican R

egion







Skills training Yes 61 No 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4

230




— —No 22


Yes 37No 31


















a n=113 n=112

c n=114

WHO

African

Region



2010

Date post:	02-Nov-2014
Category:	Health & Medicine
Upload:	benj2
View:	805 times
Download:	3 times

Atlas ehealth who

Health & Medicine