ATLAS Getting Ready for LHC Physics at LHC, Cracow, 4-July-2006, P. Jenni (CERN) 1 The ATLAS...

Physics at LHC, Cracow, 4-July-2006, P. Jenni (CERN)

1 ATLAS Getting Ready for LHC

The ATLAS Experiment Getting Ready for LHC

Physics at LHC, Cracow,4th July 2006 (P. Jenni, CERN)



ATLAS Collaboration

(As of the March 2006)

35 Countries 158 Institutions 1650 Scientific Authors total(1300 with a PhD, for M&O share)

New application for CB decision in JulyDESY, Humboldt U Berlin (Germany)SLAC, New York U (US)

Albany, Alberta, NIKHEF Amsterdam, Ankara, LAPP Annecy, Argonne NL, Arizona, UT Arlington, Athens, NTU Athens, Baku, IFAE Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berkeley LBL and UC, Bern, Birmingham, Bologna, Bonn, Boston, Brandeis,

Bratislava/SAS Kosice, Brookhaven NL, Buenos Aires, Bucharest, Cambridge, Carleton, Casablanca/Rabat, CERN, Chinese Cluster, Chicago, Clermont-Ferrand, Columbia, NBI Copenhagen, Cosenza, AGH UST Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, Dortmund, TU

Dresden, JINR Dubna, Duke, Frascati, Freiburg, Geneva, Genoa, Giessen, Glasgow, LPSC Grenoble, Technion Haifa, Hampton, Harvard,

Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Hiroshima IT, Indiana, Innsbruck, Iowa SU, Irvine UC, Istanbul Bogazici, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto, Kyoto UE, Lancaster, UN La Plata, Lecce, Lisbon LIP, Liverpool, Ljubljana, QMW London, RHBNC London, UC London, Lund, UA Madrid, Mainz, Manchester, Mannheim, CPPM Marseille, Massachusetts, MIT, Melbourne, Michigan, Michigan SU, Milano, Minsk NAS,

Minsk NCPHEP, Montreal, McGill Montreal, FIAN Moscow, ITEP Moscow, MEPhI Moscow, MSU Moscow, Munich LMU, MPI Munich, Nagasaki IAS, Naples, Naruto UE, New Mexico, Nijmegen, BINP Novosibirsk, Ohio SU, Okayama, Oklahoma,

Oklahoma SU, Oregon, LAL Orsay, Osaka, Oslo, Oxford, Paris VI and VII, Pavia, Pennsylvania, Pisa, Pittsburgh, CAS Prague, CU Prague, TU Prague, IHEP Protvino, Ritsumeikan, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Rochester, Rome I, Rome II, Rome III,

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, DAPNIA Saclay, Santa Cruz UC, Sheffield, Shinshu, Siegen, Simon Fraser Burnaby, Southern Methodist Dallas, NPI Petersburg, Stockholm, KTH Stockholm, Stony Brook, Sydney, AS Taipei, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv,

Thessaloniki, Tokyo ICEPP, Tokyo MU, Toronto, TRIUMF, Tsukuba, Tufts, Udine, Uppsala, Urbana UI, Valencia, UBC Vancouver, Victoria, Washington, Weizmann Rehovot, Wisconsin, Wuppertal, Yale, Yerevan



Diameter 25 mBarrel toroid length 26 mEnd-cap end-wall chamber span 46 mOverall weight 7000 Tons

Construction, integration and installation progress of the ATLAS detector

ATLAS superimposed tothe 5 floors of building 40



The Underground Cavern at Pit-1 forthe ATLAS Detector

Length = 55 mWidth = 32 mHeight = 35 m



An Aerial View of Point-1

(Across the street from the CERN main entrance)



ATLAS

Length : ~ 46 m Radius : ~ 12 m Weight : ~ 7000 tons~ 108 electronic channels~ 3000 km of cables

• Tracking (||<2.5, B=2T) : -- Si pixels and strips -- Transition Radiation Detector (e/ separation)

• Calorimetry (||<5) : -- EM : Pb-LAr -- HAD: Fe/scintillator (central), Cu/W-LAr (fwd)

• Muon Spectrometer (||<2.7) : air-core toroids with muon chambers



H ZZ 4

e,

Z

e,

e,

e, mZ

Hg

g

tZ(*)

“Gold-plated” channel for Higgs discovery at LHC

Simulation of a H ee event in ATLAS

Signal expected in ATLASafter ‘early' LHC operation

Physics example



Central Solenoid

2T field with a stored energy of 38 MJ

Integrated design within the barrel LAr cryostat

Magnet System

The solenoid has been inserted into the LAr cryostatat the end of February 2004, and it was tested at full current (8 kA) during July 2004

It is now cold, and has beensuccessfully tested in situ ata reduced current (awaiting the end-caps for field mapping at full current in August 2006)



Toroid system

Barrel Toroid parameters25.3 m length 20.1 m outer diameter 8 coils1.08 GJ stored energy370 tons cold mass830 tons weight4 T on superconductor56 km Al/NbTi/Cu conductor20.5 kA nominal current4.7 K working point

End-Cap Toroid parameters5.0 m axial length 10.7 m outer diameter 2x8 coils2x0.25 GJ stored energy2x160 tons cold mass2x240 tons weight4 T on superconductor2x13 km Al/NbTi/Cu conductor20.5 kA nominal current4.7 K working point

End-Cap Toroid:8 coils in a common cryostat

Barrel Toroid:8 separate coils



Barrel Toroid construction

Series integration and tests of the8 coils at the surface were finished in June 2005

BT test area

BT5 excitation teststo 22 kA current



Barrel Toroid coil transport and lowering into the underground cavern



The last coil was moved into position on 25th August 2005

The first coil was installed in October 2004

Latest news: the system is being cooled down insitu, and current tests will start in August 2006



End-Cap Toroids

All components are fabricated, and the assembly is now ongoing at CERN

The ECTs will be tested at 80 K on the surface, before installation and excitation tests in the cavern

The first ECT will move to the pit in October 2006, the second one in early 2007

The first of the two ECT cold masses inserted into the large vacuum vessel



Inner Detector (ID)

The Inner Detector (ID) is organized into four sub-systems:

Pixels (0.8 108 channels)

Silicon Tracker (SCT)(6 106 channels)

Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT)(4 105 channels)

Common ID items



Pixels

The Pixel project progresses well, but it was affected by two technical problem that require highest priority recovery actions:

Corrosion leaks in the barrel cooling tubes (now under control, repair ongoing)Broken low-mass cables for the barrel services (repair/replacement strategy being put into place)

At this stage the schedule is very tight and on the critical path, but all efforts are madeto have the full system ready for installation in time for May 2007

The installation schedule has been adapted as to accommodate the late availability (Note that the Pixel sub-system can be installed independently from the rest of the Inner Detector)

Two bi-staves assembled (final) in the L1 half-shell; L1 and L2 assembly proceed in parallel



Three completed Pixel disks(one end-cap) with 6.6 M channels

The rate for assembled and fully qualified modules meets the needs for a 3-hit system in time (1744 modules needed)

Assembly and integration, as well as preparation of the installation tools, proceed according to schedule

The first complete end-cap arrived at CERN few weeks ago, and it will soon undergo cosmic ray tests in the surface clean room SR1



Silicon Tracker (SCT)

All four barrel cylinders are complete and at CERN

The pictures show different stages of the integration of

the four barrel SCT cylinders

The cylinders have been tested before: 99.7% of all channels

fully functional



End-cap SCT

All disks for the end-caps are finished as well

The first end-cap arrived end of February 2006 at CERN, the second one in April 2006

A completed end-cap SCT disk

Integration work on one of the end-cap SCT cylinders

(Picture taken by a star-photographer, P. Ginter, as art-work…)



Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT)

The module construction for the TRT is complete

The barrel integration has been finished since about a year

The first end-cap side (A and B wheels) has been stacked, the second side will be ready in June 2006, they are now being equipped with services

The first of the twoend-cap TRTs (A and B type wheels) fully assembled



Examples of cosmic ray registered in the barrel TRT in the Inner Detectorsurface clean room facility SR1

Barrel TRT during insertion of thelast modules (February 2005)



End of February 2006 the barrel SCT was inserted into the barrel TRT, and this component will be ready for the final installation in ATLAS in August 2006 after further commissioning at the surface with cosmics

Integrations of the two end-caps (SCT and TRT) are ongoing for installation end of 2006



Cosmics in the barrel TRT plus SCT



Inner Detector services (cables and pipes) installation in the inner bore of the barrel cryostat



LAr and Tile Calorimeters

Tile barrel Tile extended barrel

LAr forward calorimeter (FCAL)

LAr hadronic end-cap (HEC)

LAr EM end-cap (EMEC)

LAr EM barrel



LAr EM Barrel Calorimeter Commissioning at the Surface

After many years of module constructions, the barrel EM calorimeter was installed in the cryostat, and after insertion of the solenoid, the cold vessel was closed and welded early 2004

A successful complete cold test (with LAr) was made during summer 2004 in hall 180 at CERN(dead channels much below 1%)

LAr barrel EM calorimeter after insertion into thecryostat

LAr barrel EM calorimeter module at oneof the assembly labs



End of October 2004 the cryostat was transported to the pit, and lowered into the cavern



The barrel LAr and scintillator tile calorimeters have been since January 2005 in the cavern in their ‘garageposition’ (on one side, below the installation shaft)

A cosmic ray muon registered in the barrel Tile Calorimeter

Barrel LAr and Tile Calorimeters



November 4th 2005: Calorimeter barrel after its move into thecenter of the ATLAS detector



Latest news: Cool-down completed, filled with LAr, in-situ commissioning started...

Barrel Cool- down Temperature

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

180.00

200.00

220.00

240.00

260.00

280.00

300.00

4/12

/200

6

4/19

/200

6

4/26

/200

6

5/3/

2006

5/10

/200

6

5/17

/200

6

5/24

/200

6

Date

Tem

pera

ture

(K)

Minimum detector temperature read on the cryo system

Maximum detector temperature read on the cryo system

Last updated 23-05-2006



LAr End-Caps

The surface cold tests with LAr are finished, with very good results (dead channels well below 1%)

FCAL A before insertion

End-Cap cryostat A before theinsertion of the FCAL and closure

End-Cap A during the surface cold tests



End-Cap LAr and Tile Calorimeters

The end-cap calorimeters on side C were assembled in the cavern by end ofJanuary 2006, and then moved partially into the ATLAS detector centre, in order to free the space under shaft C for muon end-cap installation

The mechanical installation of the second end-cap is finished now as well

Completed end-cap calorimeter side C, just before, and after, the partial insertion into the detector



Calorimeter electronics

The installation of the LAr Front End (FE) electronics on the detector, as well as of the Back End (BE) read-out electronics in the control room, is proceeding to plans

A particular concern are still the in-time availability of the low and high voltage LAr power supplies

For the Tile Calorimeter, a control problem for the lowvoltage supplies has been understood, and a correctiveaction is being implemented

LAr barrel ROD system in USA15

LAr FE crate



EM beam test results: Energy resolution



Impact on Higgs mass resolution

H Resolution: 1% (low lum)

1.2% (high lum)Acceptance: 80% within ±1.4

Simulations, mH=130 GeV

H 4eResolution: 1.2% (low lum)

1.4% (high lum)Acceptance: 84% within ±2

H 4 e

Mass(GeV)

Eve

nts



Muon Spectrometer Instrumentation

Precision chambers:- MDTs in the barrel and end-caps- CSCs at large rapidity for the innermost end-cap stationsTrigger chambers:- RPCs in the barrel- TGCs in the end-caps

The Muon Spectrometer is instrumented with precision chambers and fast trigger chambers

A crucial component to reach the required accuracy is the sophisticated alignment measurement and monitoring system

At the end of February 2006 the huge and long effort of series chamber production in many sites was completed for all chamber types



Barrel MDTs

Installation of barrel muon station (40% done)

A major effort is spent in the preparation andtesting of the barrel muon stations (MDTs andRPCs for the middle and outer stations) beforetheir installation in-situ

The electronics and alignment system fabrications for all MDTs are on schedule



First cosmics have been registered in situ for barrel chambers

In December 2005 in MDTs and in June 2006 in RPCs



‘Big Wheel’ end-cap MDT sector

‘Big Wheel’ end-cap TGC sectors

End-cap muon chambersector preparations

72 TGC and 32 MDT ‘Big-Wheel’ sectors have to be assembled

This work is in full swing in the Hall 180 where previously the Barrel Toroid and the LAr integration and tests were done



Preparations for the Big Wheels installation in the underground cavern have started



The large-scale system test facility for alignment, mechanical, and many other systemaspects, with sample series chamber station in the SPS H8 beam

Shown in this picture is the end-cap set-up, it is preceded in the beam line by a barrel sector



Example of tracking the sagitta measurements, following the day-night variation due to thermalvariations of chamber and structures, and two forced displacements of the middle chamber



H

L

T

DATAFLOW

40 MHz

75 kHz

~2 kHz

~ 200 Hz

120 GB/s

~ 300 MB/s

~2+4 GB/s

Event Building N/workDataflow Manager

Sub-Farm Input

Event Builder

EB

SFI

EBNDFMLvl2 acc = ~2 kHz

Event Filter N/work

Sub-Farm Output

Event FilterProcessors EFN

SFO

Event FilterEFP

EFPEFP

EFP

~ sec~

4 G

B/s

EFacc = ~0.2 kHz

Trigger DAQ

RoI BuilderL2 Supervisor

L2 N/workL2 Proc Unit

Read-Out Drivers

FE Pipelines

Read-Out Sub-systems

Read-Out Buffers

Read-Out Links

ROS

120 GB/s

ROB ROB ROB

LVL1

DE

T R/O

2.5

s

Calo MuTrChOther detectors

Lvl1 acc = 75 kHz

40 MHz

RODRODROD

LVL2 ~ 10 ms

ROIB

L2P

L2SV

L2N

RoI

RoI data = 1-2%

RoI requests

Trigger, DAQ and Detector Control



SDX1

USA15

UX15

ATLAS Trigger / DAQ Data Flow

ATLASdetector

Read-Out

Drivers(RODs) First-

leveltrigger

Read-OutSubsystems

(ROSs)

UX15

USA15

Dedicated links

Timing Trigger Control (TTC)

1600Read-OutLinks

Gig

abit

Eth

erne

t

RoIBuilder

pROSR

egio

ns O

f Int

eres

t

VME~150PCs

Data of events acceptedby first-level trigger

Eve

nt d

ata

requ

ests

Del

ete

com

man

ds

Req

uest

ed e

vent

dat

a

stores LVL2output

Event data pushed @ ≤ 100 kHz, 1600 fragments of ~ 1 kByte each

Second-leveltrigger

LVL2Super-visor

SDX1CERN computer centre

DataFlowManager

EventFilter(EF)

pROS

~ 500 ~1600

stores LVL2output

dual-CPU nodes

~100 ~30

Network switches

Event data pulled:partial events @ ≤ 100 kHz, full events @ ~ 3 kHz

Event rate ~ 200 HzData

storage

LocalStorage

SubFarmOutputs

(SFOs)

LVL2 farm

Network switches

EventBuilderSubFarm

Inputs

(SFIs)



Level-1

The level-1 system (calorimeter, muon and central trigger logics) is in the production and installation phases for both the hardware and software

The muon trigger sub-system faces a very tight schedule for the on-chamber components, but is now proceeding satisfactorily



HLT/DAQ/DCS

The High Level Trigger (HLT), Data Acquisition (DAQ) and Detector Control System (DCS)activities have continued to proceed according to plans

Large scale system tests, involving up to 800 nodes, have further demonstrated the requiredsystem performance and scalability

Scalability is particularly important for staging needs during the initial running of ATLAS

A major emphasis was put on all aspects of the HLT and DAQ software developments

Fraction of events passing LVL2 as a function of the decision latency

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29

Latency (ms)

Frac

tion

of e

vent

s

mu

jet

e

Components of the DCS are in fabrication or already finished (ELMB), and are already widely used, and the s/w components are available

The DCS is one of the first systems already in operation at Pit-1

Example of performance optimization



The pre-series of the final system at Point-1 (10% of final dataflow) is now in operation at Point-1

Almost 1/3 of the final Read Out System (ROS) has been installed and commissioned in the underground control room USA15

The infrastructure at Point-1 is now fully active (including central file server and a number of local service machines with standard DAQ software, system administration, and networking)

ROS racks for the LAr



Inner detector

Calorimetry

Muon system

ATLAS total event size = 1.5 MB

Total no. ROLs = 1600

Trigger

Channels No. ROLsFragment size - kB

MDT 3.7x105 192 0.8

CSC 6.7x104 32 0.2

RPC 3.5x105 32 0.38

TGC 4.4x105 16 0.38


LAr 1.8x105 764 0.75

Tile 104 64 0.75


LVL1 56 1.2


Pixels 0.8x108 120 0.5

SCT 6.2x106 92 1.1

TRT 3.7x105 232 1.2



ATLAS Computing Timeline

2003 • POOL/SEAL release (done)

• ATLAS release 7 (with POOL persistency) (done)

• LCG-1 deployment (done)

• ATLAS complete Geant4 validation (done)

• ATLAS release 8 (done)

• DC2 Phase 1: simulation production (done)

• DC2 Phase 2: intensive reconstruction (re-scheduled)

• Combined test beams (barrel wedge) (done)

• Computing Model paper (done)

• Computing Memorandum of Understanding (done)

• ATLAS Computing TDR and LCG TDR (done)

• Start of Computing System Commissioning (in progress)

• Physics Readiness Documents (re-scheduled: early 2007)

• Start cosmic ray run• GO!

2004

2005

2006

2007



The computing and software suite has progressed on a very broad front, with a particular emphasis to make it as accessible as possible to the user community

Examples:GRID production toolsSoftware infrastructureDetector Description and graphicsFramework and Event Data ModelSimulationTracking (ID and Muons) and calorimeters (LAr and Tiles)Database and data managementReconstruction and Physics Analysis toolsDistributed analysis

Computing System Commissioning along sub-system tests with well-defined goals, preconditions, clients and quantifiable acceptance tests

Examples:Full Software ChainFrom generators to physics analysis

Tier-0 ScalingCalibration & AlignmentTrigger Chain & MonitoringDistributed Data ManagementDistributed Production (Simulation & Re-processing)(Distributed) Physics AnalysisGeneral ‘rehearsal’ of TDAQ/Offline data flow and analysis

ATLAS computing is fully embedded in, and committed to, the LCG framework



ATLAS Production (January - April 2006)

LCG-T119%

LCG (non T1)45%

NDGF8%

OSG-T117%

OSG (non T1)11%

LCG-T1

LCG (non T1)

NDGF

OSG-T1

OSG (non T1)

Input from 350 k jobs

138 sites in 29 countries



22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

ID B

ID A J

N

Limited access (ECT partially inside,half truck)

ID C

Pixe

l

22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

open

clos

e

ECT on beam line, partially inside (half truck)

Cable chains

BT pumping, cooling, testing

Endcap Toroid C cooldown & test

(Park pos.)

Endcap Toroid C

Endcap Toroid A cooldown

& test

Muon Barrel C

ID A connection and testing

open

ing

IDC connection and testing

Barrel Calo testing and commissioning

ID access via lift only

ID Barrel connection and testing (side C access via lift only!)

map

ping

Fiel

d

open

ing

Jun '06

Sep '06Jul '06

Services 1st fix

ID services along Barrel & through Muons

Chains

Big Wheel tooling

Endcap Cal. services

Mar '07 May '07Jul '06 Feb '07Sep '06 Oct '06Aug '06 Apr '07

Jun '06

Endcap Toroid A

Aug '06

TGC1

Endcap Cal. A services connection, test & commissioning

Muon Barrel AJT

Big Wheels C (TGC1+MDT +TGC2 +TGC3)

Endcap Cal. C testing & commissioning

Dec '06Nov '06

Nov '06 Jan '07Dec '06

Tru

ck

JT

May '07 Jun '07

VA

Small Wheel A

Big Wheel A (TGC1 +MDT+TGC2+TGC3)

Mar '07Feb '07Jan '07

Side A

Barrel

Side C

Jul '07

Side A

Glo

bal C

omm

issi

onin

g

glob

al te

sts,

pum

p do

wn

& b

ake

out

Side C

VJ

JF

Limited access

JF

Barrel

Muon Barrel C completion

VA

Global Commissioning

EO, side CSmall

Wheel C

Aug '07

Jul '07 Aug '07

VT

VT

JF

VJ

Pixel connection and testing

Jun '07

Big Wheels in park position

Apr '07

JD

Tru

ck

clos

ing

Oct '06 Oct '07

JF

Sep '07

Sep '07 Oct '07

EO, side A

BT test Magnet test

ATLAS Installation Schedule Version 8.0

- Beam pipe in place end of August 2007- Restricted access to complete end-wall muon chambers and global commissioning until mid-Oct 2007- Ready for collisions from mid-October 2007



Executive Board

ATLAS management: SP, Deputy SP, RC, TCCollaboration Management, experiment execution, strategy, publications, resources, upgrades, etc.

PublicationCommittee,Speaker Committee

CB

Detector Operation (Run Coordinator)Detector operation during data taking, online data quality, …

Trigger (Trigger Coordinator)Trigger data quality,performance, menu tables, new triggers, ..

Data Preparation (Data Preparation Coordinator)Offline data quality, first reconstruction of physics objects, calibration, alignment (e.g. with Zll data)

Computing (Computing Coordinator)Core Software, operation of offline computing, …

Physics (Physics Coordinator)optimization of algorithms for physics objects, physics channels

Figure 2

(Sub)-systems:Responsible for operation and calibration of their sub-detector and for sub-system specific software

TMB

Operation Model (Organization for LHC Exploitation)(Details can be found at http://uimon.cern.ch/twiki//bin/view/Main/OperationModel )



Conclusions

Many important milestones have been passed in the construction, pre-assembly, integration and installation of the ATLAS detector components

Very major software, computing and physics preparation activities are underway as well, using the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) for distributed computing resources

Commissioning and planning for the early physics phases have started strongly

ATLAS is highly motivated, and on track, for first collisions in 2007

(ATLAS expects to remain at the energy frontier of HEP for the next 10 – 15 years, and the Collaboration has already set in place a coherent organization to evaluate and plan for future upgrades in order to exploit future LHC machine high-luminosity upgrades)

(Informal news on ATLAS is available in the ATLAS eNews letter at http://aenews.cern.ch/)





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