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E d i t e d by M i c h a e l Bate , University of Cambridge; A l f o n s o M a r t i n e z Ar ias , University of Cambridge

The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster offers the most powerful means of studying embryonic de-

velopment in eukaryotes. New information from many different organ systems has accumulated rapidly in the past decade. This monograph, written by the most dis- tinguished workers in the field, is the most authorita- tive and comprehensive synthesis of Drosophila de- velopmental biology available and emphasizes the in- sights gained by molecular and genetic analysis. In two volumes, it is a lavishly illustrated, elegantly designed reference work illustrating principles of ge- netic regulation of embryogenesis that may apply to other eukaryotes. In addition, the text is comple- mented with a full-color Atlas for bench use, which graphically illustrates the day-by-day development of the Drosophila embryo. CONTENTS Developmental Genetics of Oogenesis (A. Spradling); Spermato- genesis (M. Fuller); Mitosis and Morphogenesis in the Drosophila Embryo: Point and Counterpoint (V. Foe, G. Odell, and B. Edgar); Maternal Control of Anterior Development in.the Drosophila Em- bryo (W. Driever); Pole Plasm and the Posterior Group Genes (D. St Johnson); The Terminal System of Axis Determination in the Drosophila Embryo (F. Sprenger, C. Niisslein Volhard); Maternal Control of Dorsal-Ventral Polarity and Pattern in the Embryo (R. Chasan, K. Anderson); Gastrulation in Drosophila: Cellular Me-

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chanisms of Morphogenetic Movements (M. Costa, D. Sweeton, and E. Wieschaus); Blastoderm Segmentation (M. Pankratz, H. Jiickle); Development and Patterning of the Larval Epidermis of Drosophila (A. Martinez Arias); Development of the Drosophila Tracheal System (G. Manning, M. Krasnow); The Terminal Re- gions of the Body Pattern (G. Jiirgens, V. Hartenstein); lmaginal Disc Development (S. Cohen); The Metamorphic Development of the Adult Epidermis (D. Fristrom, J. Fristrom); Hormones and Drosophila Development (L. Riddiford); The Alimentary Canal (H. Skaer); The Mesoderm and Its Derivatives (M. Bate); Early Neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (J. Campos-Ortega); Embryonic Development of the Drosophila Central Nervous Sys- tem (C. Goodman, C. Doe); The Peripheral Nervous System (Y.N. Jan, L.Y. Jan); Formation of the Adult Nervous System (J. Truman, B. Taylor, and T. Awad); Pattern Formation in the Drosophila Retina (T. Wolff, D. Ready); Genetic Dissection of Eye Development in Drosophila (B. Dickson, E. Hafen); The De- velopment of the Optic Lobe (I. Meinertzhagen, T. Hanson); Epilogue (M. Ashburner) Atlas of Drosophila Development (%/. Hartenstein) Poster: Drosophila Third lnstar Eye Disc (T. Wolff)

1993, 1564 pp. ISBN 0-87969-423-8 illus. (147 in color), indexes 2-volume set, cloth; Atlas, paper; poster $350

To order, or request additional information" ct::~-"~c~ Call" 1-8()()-843-43<';8 (Continental LIS and Canada) 5 lf>-349-193() (All other l(~catioils) I:AX: 516-349- 1'-)4¢) Write: CSttl. Prcss, l() Skyline Drive, Plainview, N.Y. 118()3-25()()

LEA ING M EMO RY

Editor John H. Byrne (Houston)

Managing Editor

Judy Cuddihy (Cold Spring Harbor)

Editorial Board

Per Ande r son (Oslo) P h i l i p p e Asche r (Par is) J o c e l y n e Bacheva l i e r ( H o u s t o n ) M a n D. B a d d e l e y ( C a m b r i d g e ) Carol A. Ba rnes ( T u c s o n ) T i m o t h y Bliss ( L o n d o n ) T h o m a s J. Carew (New H a v e n ) G r a h a m C o l l i n g r i d g e ( B i r m i n g h a m ) J o h n C o n n o r ( A l b u q u e r q u e ) T h o m a s C u r r a n ( M e m p h i s ) A n t o n i o D a m a s i o ( Iowa City) Michael Davis (New Haven ) Rona ld Davis ( H o u s t o n ) P ie t ro De Cami l i (New Haven ) Yadin D u d a i (Rehovo t ) Howard E i c h e n b a u m (S tony Brook ) Yves Fr~gnac (Gif su r Yvette) M a n G e l p e r i n (Mur ray Hil l ) Al i son Goate (St. Louis ) Pat r ic ia Go ldman-Rak ic (New Haven ) Michael E. G r e e n b e r g (Bos ton ) S t e p h e n H e i n e m a n n (La Jo l la ) Mar t in H e i s e n b e r g ( W u r z b u r g ) Susan H o c k f i e l d (New Haven )

Editorial Offices

Cold Spr ing H a r b o r Labora to ry Press 1 B u n g t o w n Road

Cold Spr ing Harbor , N e w York 11724 P h o n e ( 5 1 6 ) 367 -8492

Fax ( 5 1 6 ) 367 -8532

Pe te r H o l l a n d ( D u r h a m ) Eric Kande l (New York) Lawrence C. Katz ( D u r h a m ) Mary B. K e n n e d y (Pasadena ) J o s e p h Le D o u x (New York) S t e p h e n G. L isberger (San Franc i sco) Nicho las J. M a c k i n t o s h ( C a m b r i d g e ) D a n i e l Mad i son (Stanford) Rober to Mal inow (Cold Spr ing H a r b o r ) R a n d o l f Menze l (Ber l in ) M o r t i m e r M i s h k i n (Be thesda ) R icha rd Morr is ( E d i n b u r g h ) D e n n i s D.M. O'Leary (LaJo l la ) Marcus Ra ich le (St. Louis ) C h r i s t i n e Sah ley (West Lafayet te) D a n i e l Schac te r ( C a m b r i d g e ) J a m e s Schwartz (New York) Carla Shatz ( B e r k e l e y ) Wol f S inge r (F rankfu r t ) Larry Squ i re (San Diego) Char l e s Stevens (LaJo l la ) R i c h a r d T h o m p s o n (Los A n g e l e s ) R icha rd Ts ien (Stanford) Tim Tu l ly (Cold Spr ing H a r b o r )

E d i t o r i a l / P r o d u c t i o n

Nadine Dumser , T e c h n i c a l Edi tor Kr is t in Kraus, P r o d u c t i o n

C indy Schne ider , P r o d u c t i o n Dor is Lawrence , Edi tor ia l Sec re ta ry

Learning & Memory (ISSN 1072-0502) is published bimonthly for $190 (U.S. institu- tional; $205 rest of world; $235 R.O.W. with airlift), $85 (individual making per- sonal payment; $100 R.O.W. surface; $130 with airlift) by Cold Spring Harbor Labora- tory Press, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724. Second class postage pending is paid at Cold Spring Har- bor and additional mailing offices. POST- MASTER: Send address changes to Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 10 Skyline Drive, Plainview, New York 11803-2500. Subscriptions: Barbara Terry, Subscrip- tion Manager. Personal: U.S. $85, R.O.W. $100 surface mail, $130 with airlift delivery. Institutional: U.S. $190; R.O.W. $205 sur-

face mail, $235 with airlift delivery. Orders may be sent to Cold Spring Harbor Labora- tory Press, Fulfillment Department, 10 Sky- line Drive, Plainview, New York 11803- 2500. Telephone: Continental U.S. and Can- ada 1-800-843-4388; all other locations 516-349-1930. FAX: 516-349-1946. Per- sonal subscriptions must be prepaid by per- sonal check, credit card, or money order. Claims for missing issues must be received within 4 months of issue date. Advertising: Teresa Tiganis, Advertising Manager, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Har- bor, New York 11724-2203. Phone: 516- 367-8351. FAX: 516-367-8532. Copyright information: Authorization to

photocopy items for internal or personal use of specific clients is granted by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for Librar- ies and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Trans- actional Reporting Service, provided that the base fee of $5.00 per copy is paid di- rectly to CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970 (1072-0502/96 + $5.00). This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution for advertising or pro- motional purposes, for creating new collec- tive works, or for resale.

Copyright �9 1996 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

Volume 2 N u m b e r 6

January /February 1996 Pages 2 6 7 - 3 3 3

Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i v

John H. Byrne

Research papers

7-Nitro Indazole, a Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor in Vivo, Impairs Spatial Learning in the Rat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 7

Christian H61scher, Liam McGlinchey, Roger Anwyl, and Michael J. Rowan

Higher-order Associative Processing in Hermissenda Suggests Multiple Sites of Neuronal Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 9

Ronald F. Rogers and Louis D. Matzel

Integration of Olfactory Information in a Spatial Representation Enabling Accurate Arm Choice in the Radial Arm Maze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Pierre Lavenex and Fran~oise Schenk

Effects of a Conditional Drosophila PKA Mutant on Olfactory Learning and Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3z0 Willis Li, Tim Tully, and Daniel Kalderon

Cover 7-Nitro indazole impairs spatial learning in the rat. Computer reconstructions of study rat swim tracks: (left) pattern of rat that did not learn a water maze task; (right) pattern of rat that did learn the task. The red circle indicates the hidden platform in the water maze. (For details, see Holscher et al., p. 267.)

Editorial

Many different disciplines, from cognition and neuropsychology to cell and molecular biology, provide new insights into the mechanisms under- lying learning and memory and into the role of learning and memory in behavior. Learning & Memory was established as an interdisciplinary journal to providc a forum for investigators with diverse backgrounds and experimental ap- proaches to exchange information about our com- mon interest in learning and memory.

Recently, I accepted the position of Editor of the journal because I am enthusiastic about the goals of the journal and about its future as a lead- ing international peer-reviewed publication. It provides a range of information that no other broad-based neuroscience or psychology journal presently does. As such, it should be the first source for leading-edge results and authoritative reviews in learning and memory.

Several projects are underway to help define the scope of the journal further. For example, a series of special issues will focus on key problems in the field and will present research papers and review articles addressing the mechanisms under- lying LTP and LTD and the role of the cerebellum in learning. We have also taken steps to raise the level of awareness of the journal in the neuro- science community. For example, subscriptions to Learning & Memory will be offered in the mem- bership packet sent out by the Society for Neuro-

science this summer and advertisements for the journal will appear in neurobiology journals over the next several months.

Learning & Memory publishes full-length ar- ticles, short communications, and review articles. We are interested in papers that report novel and important ideas, but will not exclude papers that confirm (or refute) key findings. The journal will also consider theoretical papers if they have the potential to redirect and shape thinking in the field. Our stellar Editorial Board will ensure that papers appearing in Learning & Memory are first- rate scientific works, and our high standards will attract the attention of the neuroscience commu- nity at large. We offer rapid review with accepted papers published within two to three months of acceptance. And we offer tables of contents and abstracts of all recent papers on our WWW site at http://www.cshl.org/.

If you have any questions about the suitability of a particular manuscript for the journal, or about the journal itself, I would be happy to answer them. I urge you to join me in achieving these goals for the journal and for our learning and mem- ory community by participating in this exchange of ideas.

John H. Byrne Editor

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