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14-12-2009 1
Level and development ofnational atlas cartography
Ormeling Ferjan
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Sources:
F.J.Ormeling - Neue Formen, Konzepte undStrukturen von Nationalatlanten.Kartographische Nachrichten1994-6, pp 219-226
N.J.Bakker, C.P.J.M. van Elzakker andF.J.Ormeling - National atlases anddevelopment. ITC Journal 1987-1, pp 83-92
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objective of national and regional atlases 1Early development (1899-1940): Infrastructure, visualisation of trade and socio-economic
statistics, selected physical themes
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objective of national and regional atlases 2Early development (1899-1940): Infrastructure, visualisation of trade and socio-economic
statistics, selected physical themes1950 untill 1980s: Detailed overview, highlighting positive and
characteristic aspects Länderkundliches Schema Scientific inventory Business card
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Theoretical development:-IGU Commission on National Atlases1956-1976-Joint IGU-ICA WG on environmentalatlases 1976-1984-ICA Commission on national and regionalatlases 1985-
1960 K.A.Salichtchev – Atlas Nationaux 1964 K.A.Salichtchev – Regional Atlases 1968(?) I.P.Zarutskaya -Kompleksnye
regionalnye atlasy 1976 Lehmann: Regionalatlanten 1980, 1984 Vazquez Maure+Bickmore:
Environmental Atlases
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Salichtchev (1960): national atlases
Standard themes Standard sequence Standard legend Standard scales Equivalent projections
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objective of national and regional atlases 3
1980-2000: post-Salichtchev
Problem-oriented Also negative themes produced for a larger audience
Written on high-school levelComments on methodsComments on map patternsEasier to handle (size)Easier to navigate
International comparisons
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National atlases published1988-1993
National atlases produced 1988-1993 or before
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Traditional structure, butalready changing concepts:
National atlas of Hungary (butextensive comments on themesand map patterns)
National atlas of Italy (dynamic,zoom effect)
National atlas of Switzerland(beautiful but not challenging)
National atlas of Belgium (but alsoapplication-oriented maps)
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structures Division into Theme groups Within each theme: hierarchy between general
(synthesis) maps and more specialised, analyticalmaps (Economic Atlas of Ontario)
Hierarchy between detailed maps and simplifiedimages (France)
Hierarchy between national and regional and localatlases (Québec)
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Divorce in France
Divorce inFrance
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fem life expectancy
Lifeexpectationof females inFrance
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Lesdiplômésdel'enseig-nementsupé-rieur
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Cervical cancer,’92-96FEWER CASES OF UTERINE CANCERGynaecological health controls havehelped to discover the preliminary stagesof uterine cancer so that cancer neednever develop. This is one significantreason why both the occurrence of thisdisease and mortality from uterine cancerhave decreased in Sweden. It is moredifficult to explain what underlies thegeographical differences shown on themap. Studies have indicated that peoplewho have had many sexual partners run agreater risk.National averages, no. of cases/10,000:1.0Stockholm: 1.2Infant mortality, Europe, 1993-97
Map comments
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Infant mortalityEurope
Infant mortality Atlas of Sweden
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Nais:zoom+anchor mapEaseofnaviga-tion
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Nais zoom + anchor map
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Nais zoom
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Nais zoom
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Median income nais
explanations
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National atlas of Quebec
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Regional atlas of Quebec
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Atlas der Schweiz: navigation
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Atlas der Schweiz: newprojects
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Atlas objectives
National atlas of Hungary National atlas of Italy National atlas of the Netherlands National atlas of Switzerland
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Atlas objectivesNational Atlas of Switzerland
Provide insight into the country’seconomic and social structures
Spot changes Comparisons with other Europen
countries Enjoyable graphics Be an information and education
vehicle for large public Provide know-how (?)
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Atlas objectives:National atlas Hungary:
Wants to document environmentalaspects of economic developments
Wants to contribute to safeguardfor human health the naturalresources
Wants to provide starting point forfurther research
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Atlas objectives:National atlas Italy Wants to visualise the radical changes that
modified the country since 1945 into apostindustrial society
Wants to be oriented to current problems –urbanization,pollution
Shows thematical links Shows the situation of Italy in Europe and the
world Large % synthesis maps Large % of maps that show developments
(dynamic)
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Atlas objectives:National atlas of the Netherlands
Wants to show what affects the population of thisdensely inhabited West-European river delta, so it
Starts with the people Only presents what is relevant for them Presents it in20 handy volumes Gives comments on map method and map
patterns And allows for separate sales of theme-volumes
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issues Can a country spend so much money on a national
atlas if it is not also made accessible for thegeneral public? Should there be different accessmodes?
Does the atlas show whether the environment isunder control?
Does the atlas show whether all inhabitants haveequal access to the nation’s resources?
Does the atlas show whether the nation’sinhabitants are performing better or worse thanthose of other (neighbouring) countries?
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Issues (continued)
Should users be able to customize maps? Should users be able to add their own datasets? Should users be able to analyse datasets? With
GIS functions? With thematic toggle,relative/absolute toggle
Should it be possible that map elements arequeried?
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Production mode ’88-93
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Update inventoryW
W
W web-version
M
M
M
W
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Webversions
National atlas USA http://www.nationalatlas.gov/ NAIS Canada http://atlas.gc.ca/site/english/index.html National Atlas Sweden http://www.sna.se/e_index.html National Atlas Switzerland
http://www.karto.ethz.ch/neumann/atlas/ National atlas of Quebec
http://www.atlasduquebec.qc.ca/atlas/accueil.htm