ATMATM

Air pressureAir pressureLayers of the earth Layers of the earth

Tilt of the earthTilt of the earthTransfer of energy Transfer of energy

Convection cellsConvection cellsRoman was here Roman was here

What happened?What happened? Cleaner opens a tanker car, tanker car is steamed Cleaner opens a tanker car, tanker car is steamed

cleaned,cleaner finishes cleaning, closes tanker car, cleaned,cleaner finishes cleaning, closes tanker car, and carefully stores gear. and carefully stores gear.

The next morning . . . The next morning . . .

Pressure Pressure

Air pressureAir pressure– Is the weight of the atmosphere (ATM) as it Is the weight of the atmosphere (ATM) as it

pushes down on the earth pushes down on the earth – Air pressure decreases by 50 % for each 5 km Air pressure decreases by 50 % for each 5 km

up up

PressurePressure Barometer Barometer

– Measures air pressure Measures air pressure – Aneroid or MercuryAneroid or Mercury

Pressure Pressure

Change in air pressure can come from Change in air pressure can come from – AltitudeAltitude

– Temperature Temperature – MoistureMoisture

Pressure Pressure

AltitudeAltitude

– Dense air sinks to the Dense air sinks to the Earth therefore as we Earth therefore as we rise up air gets less rise up air gets less dense dense

TemperatureTemperature– Hot air is more spread Hot air is more spread

out and less dense out and less dense therefore rises therefore rises

MoistureMoisture

– Water makes air Water makes air less dense and less dense and there fore rise there fore rise

Ogre’s have layers Ogre’s have layers as we move up through as we move up through

the earth the change of the earth the change of pressure is generally pressure is generally constant constant

But rise and fall of But rise and fall of temperature changes temperature changes creating layers of the creating layers of the earth’s ATM earth’s ATM

Take pause Take pause

The atmosphere is broken into layers by The atmosphere is broken into layers by temperature temperature

The breaks between layers are called The breaks between layers are called pausespauses

The pause is named for the layer below it The pause is named for the layer below it

TroposphereTroposphere

Lowest layer Lowest layer Temperature decreases as we rise Temperature decreases as we rise All weather happens here All weather happens here Contains about 80% of all the mass of the Contains about 80% of all the mass of the

ATMATM Planes travel at the top of the tropospherePlanes travel at the top of the troposphere

Stratosphere Stratosphere

Temperature grows warmer as altitude Temperature grows warmer as altitude increases increases

Contains the ozone layer Contains the ozone layer Begins 50km above the earth’s surface Begins 50km above the earth’s surface

MesosphereMesosphere

Temperature grows cooler as altitude Temperature grows cooler as altitude increasesincreases

50 to 90 km up 50 to 90 km up At the uppermost layer of this sphere is At the uppermost layer of this sphere is

were we see shooting stars were we see shooting stars

ThermosphereThermosphere

Temperature increases as altitude increases (over Temperature increases as altitude increases (over 1000 C)1000 C)

Above 90 km up Above 90 km up Exten ds out into space Exten ds out into space No distinct boundary No distinct boundary

IonosphereIonosphere– Portion of the thermosphere between 90km and 500km Portion of the thermosphere between 90km and 500km – Filled with many charged particles called ionsFilled with many charged particles called ions– Interacts with solar wind to create the AurorasInteracts with solar wind to create the Auroras

Aurora borealis (NH)Aurora borealis (NH)

The Thermocline The Thermocline

Energy in the ATMEnergy in the ATM

Tilt of the earth Tilt of the earth leads to . . . leads to . . .

uneven heating of uneven heating of the earth which the earth which leads to . . . leads to . . .

Warm air at the Warm air at the equator equator

Cold air at the Cold air at the poles poles

Transfer of energy Transfer of energy

Energy is transferred by cold air sliding Energy is transferred by cold air sliding under warm air under warm air

Called convection Called convection

Convection Convection

Warm air raises Warm air raises Cold air sinks Cold air sinks

moving into the moving into the void left be the void left be the warm air warm air

If the earth were If the earth were not to spin winds not to spin winds would blow straight would blow straight north and south north and south

Energy in the ATMEnergy in the ATM

Coriolos effectCoriolos effect– Winds angle to the Winds angle to the

right (in the northern right (in the northern hemisphere), pushed hemisphere), pushed by the rotation of the by the rotation of the earth earth

– Leads to global wind Leads to global wind belts belts

More on wind later More on wind later