Atoms, Quarks and Molecules

OH!!!!!! MY!!!!!

For my sweet Brittany and her Chemistry Friends!

• Sometimes in Chemistry the teacher forgets to tell you some of the most important concepts because they think you already know it

• This power point is to help organize the ideas of the basics of what atoms are and how they are organized

• Atoms are small particles that are made up of electrons, protons and neutrons

• Together the protons and neutrons create the nucleus

• The electrons travel around the nucleus

Just like the planets travel around the sun, electrons travel around the

nucleus• Atom • Planets around sun

Charges of Atoms

• Protons have a positive charge +

• Electrons have a negative charge -

• Neutrons have a neutral charge 0

Subatomic Particles

• Subatomic particles are a fancy name for the small particles that make up atoms.

For example: electrons, protons, neutrons

Size and Charge of subatomic particles

• The three particles are different in size and charge. Neutrons have no charge and are the largest subatomic particles. They are roughly the size of both a proton and an electron put together. Protons are slightly smaller than neutrons and have a positive (+) charge. Electrons are the smallest of all and carry a negative (-) charge.

That’s right!

• Protons = + Positive

• Electrons = - Negative

• Neutrons = 0 Neutral

In an atom(element) # protons = # electrons

If the # protons = # electrons

And protons are positive and electrons are negative

And Neutrons are neutral charge

An Atom or Element have a net neutral 0 Charge

• Electrons are white and negative

• Protons are yellow and positive

• Neutrons are orange and have no charge

Size of Atoms Particles

Protons and neutrons are about the same size.

Electrons are very very very small

The mass of the atom is mostly in the nucleus

Remember:

• The Nucleus is the protons and the neutrons together.

• The words Atoms and Elements mean the same thing

• The periodic chart is a chart that organizes the properties of atoms (elements)

The periodic chart can tell you a lot about the properties of the atom (element)

The Periodic Chart can tell you:

• How much the atom’s mass is• How many electrons an atom has• How many protons an atom has• How many neutrons an atom has

It can also tell you how reactive the atoms are to one another. This reactivity helps atoms to form with one another.

A periodic chart has two numbers on each element

• Atomic Number =

The number of protons and the number of electrons

• Atomic Mass =

What the mass of one mole of the element is equal to

(a mole is 6 x 10 to the 23rd atoms)

• # protons = Atomic #

• # electrons = Atomic #

• # neutrons = Atomic Mass – Atomic Number

Helium: Look at a periodic Chart

Atomic # = 2Atomic Mass = 4 (round it off)

# of protons = 2

# of electrons = 2

# of neutrons = 4 – 2 = 2

Barium: Look at a periodic Chart

Atomic Mass = 137

Atomic # = 56

# of protons = 56

# of electrons = 56

# of neutrons =

137- 56 = 81

Find the number of electrons, protons and neutrons for the following elements (atoms)

Atom # electrons # protons # neutrons

Hydrogen

Calcium

Carbon

Sodium

Chlorine

Nitrogen

Phosphate

Find the number of electrons, protons and neutrons for the following elements (atoms)

Atom # electrons # protons # neutrons

Hydrogen 1 1 0

Calcium 20 20 20

Carbon 6 6 6

Sodium 11 11 12

Chlorine 17 17 18

Nitrogen 7 7 7

Phosphate 15 15 16

A good interactive website that describes what atoms are built up

of• http://www.chemistryland.com/

ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingElements.html

• Click here to see atom website

This website is an interactive website that will teach you about finding # of electrons,

neutrons, protons

Website to learn number of protons neutrons and electrons

http://chemistry2.csudh.edu/lecture_help/protons.html

• Website to teach element reactivity

http://www.webelements.com/

• Demonstration of atoms forming a bond

http://faculty.ucc.edu/chemistry-pankuch/BaF2/BaF2.dcr

How to find number of electrons in orbitals

• Website to show number of electrons in orbitals

• http://education.jlab.org/qa/electron_number.htmlhttp://education.jlab.org/qa/electron_number.html