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Digital Data in Networked Environments
• Current Model– Information assumed to be transient
• Web pages - CNN, Google, etc.
– Information assumed to be semi-permanent• PDF, Word, email, etc.
• But it is all bits - easily kept, altered, replicated, re-disseminated, etc. --- hard to manage
• And it all exists in some IPR context
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• DRM: evolving technologies & businesses• Goal - enable content owners to define and possibly
control access to and use of content• Digital Management of Rights
– Not management of digital rights
• Human readable or machine actionable?– Natural language vs machine encoding
• Define or Enforce?– Define: policy can be known– Enforce: constrain behavior to follow policy
• How to express policy and connect it to content
Digital Rights Management (DRM)
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• Rights Expression Language (REL)– State the rights such that they can be ‘understood’ by
computers– Standardization is vital– XrML is an emerging standard
• Rights Data Dictionary (RDD)– Define the terms used in the REL– Problem - multiple vocabularies– <indecs> project attempts to mediate
Encoding
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XrML
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• Simple pointer in content to a fixed location for encoded policy– Problem - things move (404)
• Persistent identifiers linking content and encoded policy– Requires resolution system and more standards
• Tight binding of content and policy– Can’t have one without the other– Problem - can never change the policy
Associate Encoded Policy with Content
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Simple Pointer
Naming Resources on the Net
The Problem
Internet
chapter.pdfwww.acme.com
Internet
Naming Resources on the Net
The Solution
Name = Value(s)10.123/xyz = http://www.acme.com/chapter.pdf
Naming Service
http://www.acme.com/chapter.pdfwww.acme.com
Internet
Naming Resources on the Net
The Solution
Name = Value(s)10.123/xyz = http://www.newbusiness.com/chapter.pdf
http://www.newbusiness.com/chapter.pdf
Naming Service
www.newbusiness.com
www.acme.com
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• Distributed, scalable, secure• Enforces unique names• Enables association of one or more typed values,
e.g., URL, with each name• Optimized for speed and reliability• Open, well-defined protocol and data model• Provides infrastructure for application domains,
e.g., digital libraries, electronic publishing ...
CNRI Handle System
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Handles Resolve to Typed Data
URL 2 http://a-books.com/….
DLS 9 acme/repository
HS_ADMIN 100 acme.admin/jsmith
XYZ 100111001111012
Handle dataHandle Data typeIndex
10.123/456 URL 1 http://acme.com/….
Handle Resolution
is a collection ofhandle services,each of which consists of one ormore replicated sites,
