Influence of conservation tillage and nutrient rate on

the internal Fusarium infection of winter wheat

Attila StingliAttila StingliSzent István University, Institute of Crop Production, Gödöllő

Dr. Árpád BokorDr. Árpád BokorUniversity of Kaposvár, Faculty of Animal Science, Kaposvár

Mária Kondor-JakabMária Kondor-JakabCentral Agricultural Office, Budapest

The aim of the researchThe aim of the research

IInvestigate the effects of differentnvestigate the effects of different conservation conservation tillage methodstillage methods and and nutrient ratesnutrient rates on the on the internal internal FusariumFusarium infection of winter wheat infection of winter wheat

The soil tillage experiment

Place: Place: SZIE GAK Kht. Józsefmajor SZIE GAK Kht. Józsefmajor Experimental and Training FarmExperimental and Training Farm

Date of setting up: Sep. 2002 Date of setting up: Sep. 2002 Area of investigated plots: Area of investigated plots:

273 m273 m22 (13 m x 21 m) x 24 (13 m x 21 m) x 24

∑∑ 6552 m6552 m22

Tillage methods:Tillage methods:

Ploughing 26-32 cm (control)Ploughing 26-32 cm (control) Direct-drillingDirect-drilling Shallow cultivation 12-16 cmShallow cultivation 12-16 cm Mulch-leaving cultivation 16-20 cmMulch-leaving cultivation 16-20 cm Shallow disking 16-20 cmShallow disking 16-20 cm Loosening + disking 40-45 cm + 16-20 cmLoosening + disking 40-45 cm + 16-20 cm

Stingli A.

Stingli A.

PloughingCultivator

Stingli A.

Stingli A.

Nitrogen 2X Nitrogen 3X

3 X

2 X

1 X

0 X

3 X

2 X

1 X

0 X

1. 2. 3. 4.

Layout of the experiment 2006, Józsefmajor

0X=0 kg N a. s.1X=34 kg N a. s.2X=68 kg N a. s.3X=102 kg N a. s.

166,4 m

DSC

DS

MC

PLD

PSC

LD

MC

DS

DMC

LD

DS

D PSC

LD

DMC

SC

DS

P

13 m

21 m

CircumstancesCircumstances

Fertilizing: 22nd March, 2006. (3x, 2x,1x, 0x)Fertilizing: 22nd March, 2006. (3x, 2x,1x, 0x)

Precipitation: Precipitation: March 60 mmMarch 60 mmApril 35 mmApril 35 mmMay 110 mmMay 110 mmJune 92 mmJune 92 mm

5th year of winter wheat monoculture, catch crops 5th year of winter wheat monoculture, catch crops (pea, mustard, rye)(pea, mustard, rye)

Precipitation in May-June, 2005-2006 (OMSZ)Precipitation in May-June, 2005-2006 (OMSZ)May 2005Scale: 30-150 mmAve.:50-70 mmDiff.:-10-15%

June 2005Scale: 20-160 mmAve.: 60-80 mmDiff.:-25-30%

May 2006Scale: 60-180 mmAve.: 80-100 mmDiff.:+ 5%

June 2006Scale: 60-200 mmAve.: 100-120 mmDiff.: +20%

Phytopathological investigation Phytopathological investigation

prior to harvest 20-20 ears/plot, threshingprior to harvest 20-20 ears/plot, threshing 100-100 seeds/plot (100-100 seeds/plot (∑∑ 2400 seeds) 2400 seeds) Laboratory of Phytopathology of former Laboratory of Phytopathology of former

National Institute for Agricultural Quality National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control, („OMMI”)Control, („OMMI”)

filter paper-frosting method (ISTA)filter paper-frosting method (ISTA)

pprevious to investigation seeds have been revious to investigation seeds have been disinfected with 2% NaHCl solutiondisinfected with 2% NaHCl solution

seeds have been seeds have been placed into Petri dishes placed into Petri dishes containing three plies of wet filter paper containing three plies of wet filter paper after a thorough rinse with distilled waterafter a thorough rinse with distilled water

Stingli

Stingli

Stingli

3 days of dark incubation at 20°C, 5 hours 3 days of dark incubation at 20°C, 5 hours of dark incubation at -20°C and 7 days of of dark incubation at -20°C and 7 days of 20°C incubation under alternating lighting 20°C incubation under alternating lighting followedfollowed

Jakabné

infectinfectionion:: when conidia embedded into the when conidia embedded into the mycelium occurredmycelium occurred

Stingli

Stingli

ResultsResults

the the effect of tillage methodeffect of tillage method and and N rateN rate, and , and interactionsinteractions were investigated were investigated

ttreatment means were compared using alpha reatment means were compared using alpha

of 0.05 for significance in Tukey post hoc testof 0.05 for significance in Tukey post hoc test

SAS 9.1 (2004) program STAT moduleSAS 9.1 (2004) program STAT module

ResultsResults

interaction ofinteraction of nitrogen rate nitrogen rate and and tillage tillage methodmethod was not significantwas not significant (P=0.1223) (P=0.1223)

nitrogen ratenitrogen rate did not affectdid not affect the internal the internal Fusarium-Fusarium-infection of seeds significantly infection of seeds significantly (P=0.7805) (P=0.7805)

tillage method tillage method influenced influenced FusariumFusarium--infectioninfection (P=0.0020) (P=0.0020)

ResultsResults

Table 1.: Means and standard deviation (std) for different tillage methods by Tukey grouping. Means with the same lower-case letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05).

Tillage method n Mean ± std

DD 8 13,00 ± 3.85 a

MC 8 11,00 ± 3.42 ab

L+D 8 8,87 ± 2.99 ab

SC 8 12,25 ± 3.37 a

P 8 11,87 ± 3.94 a

D 8 6,00 ± 2.26 b

ResultsResultsAverages of effect-combinations

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

0 1 2 3

Nitrogen rate

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

infe

cte

d s

ee

ds

(%

)

DD MC L+D SC P D

Fusarium infection of winter wheat seeds at harvest Fusarium infection of winter wheat seeds at harvest (Pest County, 2005-2006)(Pest County, 2005-2006)

4,86

1

10

2,2996

6,8

3,5

13

1,376

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

ave (%) min. (%) max. (%) area (1000 ha)

(%,

ha) 2005

2006

Dr. Attila Cs. Tóth – Agricultural Office of Budapest and Pest County, Gödöllő

SummarySummary

tillage method tillage method had significant effect on had significant effect on internal internal FusariumFusarium-infection-infection

beneficial biological effect of beneficial biological effect of disking disking under under certain conditions might be presumed certain conditions might be presumed

investigations are to be continued on investigations are to be continued on FusariumFusarium selective medium selective medium

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Dr. Prof. Márta Birkás, sustaining field Dr. Prof. Márta Birkás, sustaining field experimentexperiment

Mária KondorMária Kondor-Jakab-Jakab and Dr. Pál Békési, and Dr. Pál Békési, phytopathological evaluationphytopathological evaluation

Dr. Árpád Bokor, statistical analysisDr. Árpád Bokor, statistical analysis

This research is supported by the Hungarian National Scientific Foundation This research is supported by the Hungarian National Scientific Foundation (OTKA-49.049 and F046.670), KLIMA-05 and NKFP-6/00079/2005 programs and (OTKA-49.049 and F046.670), KLIMA-05 and NKFP-6/00079/2005 programs and

SZIE GAK Kht. Józsefmajor Experimental and Training FarmSZIE GAK Kht. Józsefmajor Experimental and Training Farm

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!