1. The Catholic Church would become a powerful unifyingforce through the Middle Ages. When the westernRoman Empire collapsed, it was the Church that helpedhold civilization together. But Christianity was notalways welcome in the Empire -- in fact, at some points,it was even outlawed, and Christians were persecuted.Then one emperor professed Christianity, and made thereligion not only acceptable, but favored. Who was thisemperor?A. AugustusB. ConstantineC. Diocletian

2. Porterville College Home Page 3. This time, ask your survival group ifyou need help! 4. An American will perhaps consider himself to beas little like an Englishman as he is like aFrenchman. But he reads Shakespeare throughthe medium of his own vernacular, and has toundergo the penance of a foreign tongue beforehe can understand Molire. He separates himselffrom England in politics and perhaps in affection;but he cannot separate himself from Englandmental culture.--Anthony Trollope, 1862Slide adapted from the following source:Palmer, Joy. Introduction to Middle Ages Literature. Slideboom, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. 5. Encompass time from the collapse of theRoman Empire (ca. 420) to Renaissance(marked by beginning of Tudor dynasty in1485)There is some continuity in the form of theinfluence of the Roman Catholic Church, butthere is also major change over this timeperiod.Slide adapted from the following source:Palmer, Joy. Introduction to Middle Ages Literature. Slideboom, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. 6. Old English, a Germanic languageInvasion ca. 450Caedmons Hymn and BeowulfOld English literature in translationSlide adapted from the following source:Palmer, Joy. Introduction to Middle Ages Literature. Slideboom, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. 7. Norman Invasion of1066Nobility spoke FrenchMarie de France is anexampleBeginning ofobsession (in Englandand elsewhere) withArthur, acrosslanguagesBy Chaucers time,English literaturebegins to be acceptedSlide adapted from the following source:Palmer, Joy. Introduction to Middle Ages Literature. Slideboom, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. 8. English begins tobe accepted on parof French and LatinChaucer, SirGawain and theGreen Knight,Mystery andMorality Plays,Morte DarthurSlide adapted from the following source:Palmer, Joy. Introduction to Middle Ages Literature. Slideboom, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. 9. Rome leavesBritain (Britons)ca. 420Years of invasionsEthelbert: FirstChristian King(597)West SaxondialectSlide adapted from the following source:Palmer, Joy. Introduction to Middle Ages Literature. Slideboom, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. 10. Dark Ages (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars namedthis as a time when the forces of darkness(barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light(Romans)Rise of influence of barbarians as RomanEmperors had granted barbarian mercenariesland with the Roman Empire in return for militaryservice and it was these barbarians whoeventually became the new rulers 11. Decline of Roman EmpireRise of Northern EuropeNew forms of governmentHeavy Romanization (religion,language, laws, architecture,government)Latin- medium aevum meansmiddle age and is source ofEnglish word medieval 12. Period of change in Western Europe asbarbarians were migrating in to areas given upby RomansAs more barbarians moved westward, othertribes were forced to moveGroups categorized by languages and littleelseCeltic: Gauls, Britons, BretonsGermanic: Goths, Frank, Vandals, SaxonsSlavic: Wends 13. The Catholic Church has become an importantpolitical, economic, spiritual and cultural force inEuropeThe Church was granted favors byRoman emperors /kings (land, exemption from taxes,immunity in courts, positions in courts) and in returnthe Church would endorse kings to help secure theirruleKings looked to Church to supply educatedadministrators to help run kingdoms and in returnkings would enforce laws that prohibited otherreligions 14. Monks were people who gave up worldlypossessions and devote themselves toa religious lifeEstablished between 400 -700 communitiescalled monasteries which became centers ofeducation, literacy and learningStrict codes of monastic conduct called Rule ofSt. BenedictSaints- one who performs miracles that areinterpreted as evidence of a special relationshipwith GodSt. Augustine- wrote Confessions whichdiscussed ideas of ethics, self knowledge, andthe role of free will which shaped monastictradition and the influence of Church 15. Slaves made up of conquered peoplesSome treated harshly, while other were treatedfairlyRural slaves became serfs, who worked theland and provided labor for owner (in returnfrom protection)Set up for system of feudalism 16. Increasing violence and lawlesscountrysideWeak turn to the strong for protection,strong want something from the weakFeudalism= relationship between thoseranked in a chain of association (kings,vassals, lords, knights, serfs)Feudalism worked because of thenotion of mutual obligation, or voluntaryco-operation from serf to nobleA mans word was the cornerstone ofsocial lifeKey termsFief = land given by a lord in return for avassals military service and oath ofloyaltySerfs= common peasants who workedthe lords landTithe = tax that serfs paid (tax or rent)Corvee= condition of unpaid labor byserfs (maintaining roads or ditches on amanor) 17. Effects of CrusadesGuild and communesTowns, cities and manorsNew thinkers (Thomas Aquinas) and writersCreation of universitiesNew art and architecture (gothic, castles)Knighthood and chivalryCourtly entertainment (fables, playwrights) 18. Black Deatha devastatingworldwidepandemic thatfirst struckEurope in themid 14thcenturykilled about athird ofEuropespopulation, anestimated 34million people. 19. Called black death because of strikingsymptom of the disease, in which sufferers' skinwould blacken due to hemorrhages under theskinSpread by fleas and ratspainful lymph node swellings called buboesbuboes in the groin and armpits, which oozepus and blood.damage to the skin and underlying tissue untilthey were covered in dark blotchesMost victims died within four to seven days afterinfectionEFFECTSCaused massive depopulation and changein social structureWeakened influence of ChurchOriginated in Asia but was blamed onJews and lepers 20. Roger Bacon (gunpowder)Luca Pacioli (Father of Accounting)Johannes Gutenberg (printing press)Christine de Pisan (writer); Geoffrey Chaucer(writer)Joan of Arc (Hundred Years War)Pope Urban II (indulgences)Pope Innocent IV and Bernard Gui(inquisitions)Parliamentary Government in England 21. Largely orally transmittedHeroic and ChristianvaluesProblems with translationCharacteristics/Features:KenningApposition/VariationFormalIronySlide adapted from the following source:Palmer, Joy. Introduction to Middle Ages Literature. Slideboom, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. 22. An old man turned ninety-eight. He won the lottery and died the nextdayof chronic emphysema from inhalation of the latex particles scratched offdecades worth of lottery tickets.A black fly in your Chardonnaypoured to celebrate the successful fumigation of your recently purchasedvineyard in southern France.A no-smoking sign on your cigarette breakat the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco corporate offices in Winston-Salem, NorthCarolina.Meeting the man of my dreams and then meeting his beautiful wifewho happens to be the psychiatrist I recently hired in hopes of improving myluck with the opposite sex.Courtesy of http://www.collegehumor.com/article:1711139.Slide adapted from the following source:Palmer, Joy. Introduction to Middle Ages Literature. Slideboom, 2011. Web. 20 Aug. 2012. 23. Eighth to eleventh centurySurvives in West Saxon dialectPoetic contextsScopLost until eighteenth centuryFocuses on Beowulfs threebattles: Grendel, Grendelsmother, dragonSubject is German ancestors ofEnglish (Danes and Geats)Setting 24. Watch the Introduction toBeowulf and take the quizbefore Tuesday at 10:35 a.m.Read Beowulf pages 41-77Practice Turnitin assignmentdue by Tuesday, September2, at 10:35 a.m.