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Ausflug zu einem Test von Einsteins E = mc 2 Slide 2 D IV Slide 3 Nehmen Sie mal eine Suchmaschine... Slide 4 Scientific achievements Nature 22 nd December 2005 Direct test of mass/energy relationship E = mc 2 GAMS Interferometer ILL ILL-MIT-NIST Slide 5 Bestimmung von Energie & Winkeln 0.14 mit 10 -7 Penning trap (MIT) N A h als nchstes E = mc2 No2 Slide 6 Paul - Falle Drawing of a schematic Paul Trap (some kind of ion-cage) for the storage of charged particles by the use of an oscillating electric field (blue), generated by a quadrupole (a:end caps) and (b:ring electrode). A particle, indicated in red (here positive) is stored in between caps of the same polarity. The particle is trapped inside a vacuum chamber. The particle is surrounded by a cloud of similarly charged particles in red. For detailed description see at en:Quadrupole ion trap Slide 7 Aus Tipler Moden: Zyklotronmode ~ 5 MHz Magnetron Mode ~ 5 kHz axiale Oszillation 200 KHz Genauigkeit von 10 -8 bis 10 -5 Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10 GAMS4 in Grenoble Slide 11 Journal homeJournal home > Archive > Brief Communications > AbstractArchiveBrief Communications Nature 438, 1096-1097 (22 December 2005) | doi:10.1038/4381096a World Year of Physics: A direct test of E=mc 2 Simon Rainville 1,2, James K. Thompson 1, Edmund G. Myers 3, John M. Brown 4, Maynard S. Dewey 5, Ernest G. Kessler, Jr 5, Richard D. Deslattes 5, Hans G. Brner 6, Michael Jentschel 6, Paolo Mutti 6 and David E. Pritchard 1 12 1 3 4 5 6 1 Top of page One of the most striking predictions of Einstein's special theory of relativity is also perhaps the best known formula in all of science: E=mc 2. If this equation were found to be even slightly incorrect, the impact would be enormous given the degree to which special relativity is woven into the theoretical fabric of modern physics and into everyday applications such as global positioning systems. Here we test this massenergy relationship directly by combining very accurate measurements of atomic-mass difference, m, and of -ray wavelengths to determine E, the nuclear binding energy, for isotopes of silicon and sulphur. Einstein's relationship is separately confirmed in two tests, which yield a combined result of 1- mc 2 /E=(-1.4 4.4) 10 -7, indicating that it holds to a level of at least 0.00004%. To our knowledge, this is the most precise direct test of the famous equation yet described. Top of page 1.Research Laboratory of Electronics, MITHarvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 2.Present address: Dpartement de Physique, Universit Laval, Qubec G1K 7P4, Canada 3.Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA 4.The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK 5.National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA 6.Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France Correspondence to: Simon Rainville 1,2 Email: rainville@alum.mit.edu 12rainville@alum.mit.edu Slide 12 Scientific achievements Nature 22 nd December 2005 Direct test of mass/energy relationship E = mc 2 GAMS Interferometer ILL ILL-MIT-NIST Slide 13 Ergebnisse: R = m( 14 N 2 + )/m( 13 C 2 H 2 + ) = 0.999 421 460 888 (7) m/m = 5.8 10 -4 R = m( 33 S + )/m( 32 SH + ) = 0.999 744 164 345 0 (89) m/m = 2.55 10 -4 R = m( 29 Si + )/m( 28 Si + ) = 0.999 715 124 181 2(65) m/m = 2.85x10 -4 1 mc 2 /E = (-1.4 +/- 4.4 ) x10 -7 55x besser als bisher Slide 14 Ausblick Penning trap Massenspektrometer hchster Przision 10 -11 bald 10 -12 Metrologie Fr Feinstrukturkonstante, - Wellenlnge Fundamental physics E = mc2, Zeitumkehr Phys. Chem. Reaktionen atmosph.Chemie, chem. Bindung Kg : SI-Schlulicht bergang zu atomarem/nuklearem System in Arbeit Bi-Atom noch einige Jahre Slide 15 E = mc2 Literatur S.Rainville (MIT), R.Deslattes (NIST),M.Jentschel (ILL), H.Boerner(ILL) et al Nature 438, 1096-7 (2005) 22.Dec05 plus press releases Penning trap with 2 ions S. Rainville, J.K.Thompson,D.E.Pritchard Science 303,334-8 (2004) Gamma-Spectro GAMS4 E.G.Kessler,H.Boerner et al Nucl. Instru. Meth A457, 187-202 (2001) Reviews: P.Mohr et al ; Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 1 -107 (2005) K.Blaum ; Phys. Reports, 1 78 (2006) Slide 16 Auf 0,00004 Prozent genau: die quivalenz von Masse und Energie. Bild: NSSDC/ NASA / astronews.com RELATIVITTSTHEORIE E = mc2 - auf 0,00004 Prozent genau von Rainer Kayser 22. Dezember 2005Rainer Kayser Einstein Was Right (Again): NIST And MIT Confirm That E=mc2 Slide 17 Slide 18 KN 20.Mai 2006 Neugier 500. Todestag von Kolumbus Karte von Waldseemller 1507 Slide 19 The end