Date post: | 21-Mar-2017 |
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GENETICS
WHAT IS GENETICS??Thai branch of biology that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and the variation of inherited characteristics among similar or related organisms.
FATHER OF GENETICS
Gregory Mendel
Composed of 2 polymers of nucleotides.Polymers are oriented in antiparallel.Molecule resembles a spiral staircase of complementary base pairs.
DNA MOLECULE
“Double helix” proposed by Watson and Crick (1953).Antiparallel backbones.Complementary base pairing:
Adenine to ThymineCytosine to Guanine
STRUCTURE OF DNA
Abnormal number of chromosomes-Down’s syndrome, Edwards syndrome,
Deletion -Cri Du chat, Williams syndrome
Sex Chromosome Abnormalities-Turner syndrome, Klinferlter’s syndrome
Single Gene Mutations-Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell anaemia
EXAMPLES OF CONDITIONS CAUSED BY DNA CHANGES
GENETIC TESTING AND PROFILING
Take a sample of cells (blood, hair root)
Extract the DNA from cells
Cut up the DNA
Separate the DNA fragments
Analyse the DNA fragments
CLASSIFICATION OF GENETIC DISEASES
Single gene defects/ Mendelian disorders Disorders with multifactorial or polygenic inheritance
Cytogenetic disorders
Disorders showing a typical patterns of inheritance
VARIOUS DISEASES ASSOCIATED
Diabetes mellitusHypertensionGoutCongenital heart diseaseNeural tube defectsSkeletal abnormalitiesCoronary artery diseaseBipolar disorder
DIAGNOSIS OF GENETIC DISEASE
FISH(Fluorescence in situ hybridisation)Conventional cytogenetic analysisMolecular analysis
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