Australian Case Studies Applications of D-VAR...

© 2013 AMSC. Voltage Stability & Transmission Technologies Workshop© 2013 AMSC. Voltage Stability & Transmission Technologies Workshop

Australian Case Studies

Applications of D-VAR STATCOM

2015


• Renewable Applications

• Industrial Applications

• Utility Application

D-VAR® STATCOMs Case Studies

2


Collgar Wind Farm

© 2013 AMSC. Voltage Stability & Transmission Technologies Workshop© 2013 AMSC. Voltage Stability & Transmission Technologies Workshop 4

Background• Collgar Wind Farm is the largest wind farm in the southern hemisphere and is owned by UBS

International Infrastructure Fund and the Retail Employees Superannuation Trust (Split 60/40)

• Its 206 MW comes from of 111 Vestas V90-2MW wind turbine generators

• It is located near Merredin in Western Australia and cost $750 million

• It is tied into Western Power’s Merredin-West Kalgorrlie 220 kV transmission system

• The wind farm must comply with the Western Power Technical Rules for the interconnection of

a large generating plants - these rules require the following:

a reactive capability that is greater than the wind turbines can provide alone

a minimum reactive capability that the wind farm as a whole is to supply (steady state)

a specific dynamic reactive performance of the that wind farm’s reactive capability (transient

response)

• Specifically, the reactive support be used to regulate the system voltage in a carefully defined

manner that ensures consistent, safe, and stable operation of the wind farm and the greater

power grid

• In order to meet these requirements, the installation of ancillary reactive support equipment

and controls was necessary

• The D-VAR® STATCOM system was split and installed on two 33 kV buses

Each 33 kV bus gets:

12 x 4 MVAR D-VAR STATCOMs

2 x 13 MVAR capacitor banks

© 2013 AMSC. Voltage Stability & Transmission Technologies Workshop

Collgar WF D-VAR® Installation

5

33 kV

2 x 180MVA

275-220/33 kV

Transformer

2 x 13 MVAR

Cap BankD

-VA

R

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

MCE

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

MCE

N.O.

PT

CT

PT PT

CT

220 kV

To Collgar

Terminal

MVAR Control

Monitoring

Master Control

Enclosure

2 x 13 MVAR

Cap Bank

Collgar WF Collgar WF

96 MVAR2 x 12 x 4 MVAR

D-VAR STATCOM

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

D-V

AR

96 MVAR2 x 12 x 4 MVAR

33/0.48 kV Transformers


Analysis Approach• The members of AMSC’s Network Planning Group are some of the world’s

foremost interconnection standard experts and have an intimate knowledge

of Western Power’s Technical Rules for generation interconnection

• AMSC obtained detailed technical data on the Collgar Wind Farm and

developed computer models using the same power system simulation

software packages that Western Power uses

• AMSC’s Planning Group performed load-flow, dynamic stability, and,

harmonic analysis to develop a solution that would ensure compliance with

the Western Power Technical rules while also optimizing for performance,

efficiency, and cost

• AMSC then worked with both Vestas and Western Power to ensure

confidence in the solution by assisting the Western Power Transmission

Planning Team in simulating the wind farm with the reactive power solution

on their computers

• AMSC continued to support Vestas and Western Power to further optimize

the system control through the final design, construction and commissioning

of the project until commercial operation was achieved


Musselroe Wind Farm


Background• Musselroe Wind Farm is owned and operated by Hydro Tasmania

• Its generating capacity is composed of 56 Vestas V90 3 MW wind turbine generators

• It is located near Cape Portland Tasmania, Australia

• It ties into the transmission system via a 54 radial km 110 kV transmission line

• Much of the analysis work was conducted by consultants working for Hydro Tasmania using

AMSC’s D-VAR® PSS/E and other vendor’s models.

• One of the sites challenges is they have very low fault currents and because of this many

different types of studies using different softwares, including EMT, have been used

• The D-VAR® STATCOM system was split and installed on two 33 kV buses

Each 33 kV bus gets:

2 x 4 MVAR D-VAR STATCOMs

2 x 10 MVAR capacitor banks

and 1 synchronous condenser

• The D-VAR STATCOM system enables the wind farm:

to coordinate the reactive capabilities of the D-VAR STATCOM, the four capacitor banks,

and the Vestas wind turbine generators

to provide dynamic VARs from the D-VAR STATCOM to assist the transmission system’s

post fault voltage recovery


10 MVAR

4.1st

High Pass

Filter Bank(Note - First On

Last Off)

Musselroe WF D-VAR® Installation

10 MVAR

4.1st

High Pass

Filter Bank

10 MVAR

4.1st

Filter Bank8 MVAR

D-VAR

8 MVAR

D-VAR

MRWF 33 kV - Collector Bus

MVAR Control

D-VAR

MCE

PTWind Farm

33 kV Feeder

System

Circuit Breaker

Capacitor Switch

Disconnect Switch

4 x 4 MVAR D-VAR STATCOM (16 MVAR)

4 x 10 MVAR of Cap Banks (40 MVAR)

Synchronous

Condenser

MRWF 110 kV Bus – Regulation Bus

PT

Monitoring

PT

Synchronous

CondenserVestas

Wind Park Controller

AMSC/Vestas

Communication

D-VAR

110 kV

Transend Grid

Derby 110 Bus kV – POI and GPS Requirements Met

10 MVAR

4.1st

Filter Bank

54 km

CT

Master Control

Enclosure

D-VAR

9


Analysis Approach• Worked with consultants and Vestas by providing models and expert

advice as to how the D-VAR® STATCOM would operate in certain

circumstances

• Used harmonic analysis to ensure that the wind farm had no resonance

or voltage distortion issues by detuning the four 33 kV capacitor banks


Karara Mine


Background• Karara Mine in Western Australia is a joint venture between Gindalbie Metals Ltd and

AnSteel Group

• Because of Karara Mine’s size and location, it had to solve some unique voltage, power

factor, and motor starting challenges, as well as ensure that the mine met Western

Power’s interconnection requirements before operations could begin

• The D-VAR® STATCOM was installed at two locations:

Karara Mine site

Western Power’s (WP’S) Eneabba substation

• The D-VAR STATCOM system enables the mine:

to meet WP’s voltage requirements for loads < 50 MW

to meet WP’s PF requirements for loads > 50 MW

to mitigate voltage drops that can occur during the start-up of the mine’s largest

induction motors

to avoid harmonic voltage distortions and parallel resonances at the 330 kV and

33 kV voltage levels and to meet Western Power’s distortion limits

• AMSC’s D-VAR solution is also meeting Western Power’s VAR support requirements for

the Eneabba substation


Karara Mine D-VAR® Installation

5 x 4 MVA

33/0.48 kV

Transformer

20 MVAR

5 x 4 MVARMVAR Control

Two

330/33/11 kV LTC

150/180 MVA

Transformers

3 x 20 MVAR

PT

MCE

Voltage &

Current

Monitoring

N.C.

33 kV

330 kV

N.C.

8 x 6 MVAR Plant Load

PT

Plant Load

CT

Long

330 kV Line

Three

Springs

330 kV

CT

Eneabba

132 kV

Very Long

132 kV Line

CT

Time Frame Sources

Contingent Interim Ultimate

Power Factor POI

4 C-Filters

Detuned 5th

Q = 5.2

Rp = 200 Ohms

4 High Pass Filters

Detuned 6.7th

Q = 1.44

Rp = 40 Ohms

MMMMMMMMMM

Start Motors Via the

Motor Start Signal Line

D-VAR D-VAR D-VARD-VARD-VAR

13


Analysis Approach• Used loadflow analysis determined the overall number and step size

of the 33 kV capacitor banks so that the plant could meet its minimum

power factor (PF) requirements at the appropriate locations for the

three different timeframes

• Used loadflow and stability analysis to design the D-VAR® STATCOM’s

control system (Master control enclosure – MCE) so that it operated

appropriately in both voltage and PF modes and met Western Power’s

requirements

• Used loadflow and stability analysis to verify that the size of the D-VAR

STATCOM at the Karara Mine was sufficient in size to assist in starting

the plant’s largest induction motors

• Used harmonic analysis to ensure that the plant had no resonance or

voltage distortion issues by detuning the 33 kV PF correction capacitor

banks


Prominent Hill Mine


Background• The Prominent Mine is owned and operated by OZ Minerals and was opened in 2009

• The mine is located in South Australia and mines copper and gold

• The mine’s mining process uses electrically high powered crushing, grinding, and

flotation equipment.

• The starting of the mine’s four 6 MW ball and SAG mill motors:

draws 130% rated full load current

takes up to 20 seconds to start

drops the 11 kV bus voltage to 84%

causes other loads to trip on under voltage

impacts the 132 kV transmission voltage

• The mine’s 8 MVAR D-VAR® STATCOM was installed on its main 11 kV bus

• The D-VAR STATCOM provides the mine the ability:

to limit the motor startup step change in voltage to a maximum of 5%

to maintain the 132 kV PF at unity

to dynamically regulate the mine’s 11 kV distribution bus


Prominent Hill D-VAR® Installation

MMMM

2 x 4 MVA

11/0.48 kV

Transformer

8 MVAR

2 x 4 MVARD-VAR

MVAR Control

Voltage & Current

Monitoring

132 kV

PT

Rest of

Mine Load

CT

To

Olympic

Dam

(~180km)

D-VAR

2 x 45 MVA

132/11 kV

12.5% Z

11 kV

Start Motors Via the

Motor Start Signal Line

MCE

Motors

2 x 6 MW Ball Mill

2 x 6 MW SAG Mill

21 MVAR

7 x 3 MVAR

17


Analysis Approach

• Used loadflow and stability analysis to show the step voltage

drop impacts of four mill motor starts on the uncompensated

system

• Used loadflow and stability analysis to size the D-VAR® STATCOM

system and its parameters to reduce the motor starting voltage

dips to < 5%

• Used loadflow analysis to develop the D-VAR’s PF regulation and

capacitor bank control parameters to insure that the mine

consumes nor provides any VARs to the 132 kV grid (operates at

a unity PF)

• Utilizes “Line Drop Compensation” to control remote end power

factor at the PCC.


Ergon St. George Substation


Background

• The St. George substation is located near St. George

Queensland, Australia and is owned by Ergon Energy

• The project was to replace an aging SVC which provided day to

day voltage regulation as well as for fast acting voltage support

for the loss of certain lines or generators during heavy load

periods

• The site had significant harmonic voltage distortion already and

any installed equipment should not be adversely impacted by

the this voltage harmonics nor amplify it to unacceptable levels

• The substations SVC was replaced with an 8 MVAR D-VAR®

STATCOM derated to 6.4 MVAR and three 5 MVAR 33 kV

capacitor banks (Today’s D-VAR STATCOM would not require to

be derated)


N.C.

Switch

Ergon St. George D-VAR® Installation

33 kV

66/33 kVTransformer

MVAR Control

Voltage

Monitoring

3 x 5 MVAR

Capacitor Banks

Detuned 2.8th

Substation 66 kV Bus

AMSC D-VAR System

Scope of Supply

PT

MCE

D-VAR D-VAR

PTPT

2 x 4 MVA

33/0.48 kV

Transformer

6.4 MVAR

2 x 3.2 MVAR

21


Comparison of Solutions• AMSC considered proposing SVCs and D-VAR® STATCOMs to replace Ergon’s

aging St. George SVC, but chose only the D-VAR STATCOM

• Field testing and analysis of data has shown that the D-VAR STATCOM injects

very low levels of harmonics currents and is a much more robust solution

when installed in a high harmonic environment when compared with most

SVC designs

• An SVC solution would likely have:

a standalone harmonic filter to ensure that the SVC would operate

properly and not impact other utility facilities and add cost to the solution

be subject to a single point of failure in the harmonic filter in the SVC and

the harmonic filter

• The D-VAR STATCOM has several performance characteristics that are superior

to SVCs that are beneficial to this application such as:

faster response times

short term overload capability

more robust low voltage performance


Essential Energy’s

Nyngan Substation Installation


• The potential voltage stability problem that the Nyngan area can

experience can be traced back to the high impedance and long

distance of the 66 kV circuits that are radially supplied by Nyngan

substation

• A voltage stability event can be triggered by a trip of the Nyngan PV

solar plant

• A D-VAR® STATCOM is installed at the Nyngan substation’s 22 kV bus

• Its capability is ±4 MVAR continuous and ±12 MVAR dynamic

• Its two fold purpose is

- to regulate Nyngan 66 kV bus voltage

- to provide dynamic VARs to assist the transmission system’s voltage

recovery for a trip of the Nyngan PV solar plant

24

Background


Nyngan Substation Installation

22 kV

MVAR

Control

D-VAR

66 kV

PT

Monitoring

Voltages &

Currents

Master Control

Enclosure

PT

CTPT

132 kV

132/66 kV Transformer

66/22 kV Transformer

To Dubbo Substation

22/0.48 kV

Transformer

Local Line

Local Lines

4 MVAR

D-VAR

MCE

CT

2 x 4.8 MVAR

Capacitor Banks


Analysis Approach

• Loadflow analysis was conducted at peak and light load conditions

• No problems arise when Nyngan area is lightly loaded or when the

load supplied by the Nyngan substation is treated as lumped load

• QV analysis at peak load and using a proper load profile in the Nyngan

area showed that a trip of the Nyngan PV solar plant could cause a

voltage collapse problem

• QV analysis helped determine the size of the D-VAR STATCOM so that

there would be enough dynamic reactive capability to prevent voltage

collapse from occurring for the tripping of the Nyngan PV solar plant


Essential Energy’s

Nyngan Area D-VAR System

Installations


• Essential Energy’s Nyngan substation is served from two long 132 kV

transmission lines from the Dubbo substation

• Outage of one of the two 132 kV transmission lines can cause low

voltage problems in the Nyngan area – possibly a voltage stability issue

• Multiple D-VAR® STATCOM systems are installed at the Nyngan area to

support the grid

• Each D-VAR is capable of ±4 MVAR continuous and ±12 MVAR dynamic

• The D-VAR systems two fold purpose are

- to regulate the Nyngan area voltages

- to provide dynamic VARs to assist the transmission system’s post

fault voltage recovery

28

Background


Essential Energy’s Nyngan AreaLocation of D-VAR Installations

Bourke 66 kV

Giralambone/Tritton

Nyngan 132/66 kV

Dubbo 132 & 66 kV

Wellington 330/132 kV

Nevertire

Dubbo 132/66 kV

Narromine

Elura

CSA

Peak

Mt BoppyCobar Town66/12 kV

120 km

180 km

50 km


Essential Energy’s D-VAR® Installations

From

Dubbo 132 kV

Nyngan

Elura

CSA

Peak

Bourke 66 kV

Giralambone/Tritton

Mt BoppyCobar Town

66/12 kV

Nyngan

Solar Plant


Analysis Approach• Used loadflow analysis to design the D-VAR systems’ voltage regulation controls so

that when the measured voltage changes relative to the Vref the D-VAR will respond

quickly with reactive output to mitigate the sudden voltage change

• For example, a brief MW decrease, caused by a cloud passing over the Nyngan Solar

Plant, dips the voltage for a period of say ten seconds then it returns to the long-term

average - the VAR output of the D-VAR STATCOM would rise for this short period of

time and then slowly fall back to zero

• Used stability analysis to design the D-VAR® systems’ control system so that it

operated appropriately for faults and voltage transients on the transmission system

• A sensitivity analysis with respect to motor modeling was conducted to determine its

impact on Nyngan area post fault voltage recoveries

• For example, a fault on one of the two Dubbo-Wellington 132 kV lines causes a

transient voltage dip and a slow voltage recovery - the VAR output of the D-VAR

systems would rise to their transient capacitive output (12 MVAR for each 4 MVAR

STATCOM) for this short period of time and then continue at their continuous

capacitive output level and if necessary switch in the capacitor banks under their

control


Session and Workshop

Q & A

Thank You for Participating

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Australian Case Studies Applications of D-VAR...

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