Author: R Speers (St Bernard's)1 Keswick School St Bernard’s Catholic High School Ulverston...

Author: R Speers (St Bernard's) 1

Keswick School

St Bernard’sCatholic High School

Ulverston VictoriaHigh School

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Hardware & Software


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Hardware

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Software

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Hardware


Hardware

It is the term used to describe computer equipment.

(think of it as being something that can be physically touched)


Input Devices

Information needs to be put into the computer to Information needs to be put into the computer to tell it what to do – Hardware that enable us to tell it what to do – Hardware that enable us to enter data into a computer are:enter data into a computer are:

INPUT DEVICESINPUT DEVICES


Input Devices

KeyboardKeyboard MouseMouse MicrophoneMicrophone

Joystick/Game padJoystick/Game padScannerScanner

All of these let us input information into the computer:All of these let us input information into the computer:

Digital CameraDigital Camera


Input: Keyboard

This is still the most commonly used Input Device. It is very useful for entering text directly into a computer.

Keyboards can be quite a slow way of inputting data as speed is dependent on how fast you can type.


Input: Joystick/Game Pad

A game pad or joystick is one of the most commonly used input devices for playing computer games. It works by the user moving the stick in the direction they want the character on the screen to move.


Input: Mouse

Very useful for using point and click systems like Windows. A mouse provides a quick way of navigating around your computer. It should be used with a Mouse Mat and for your own comfort an arm rest pad is often a good idea.

Cordless Optical


Input: Tracker ball

This is similar to a mouse except that the ball is on the top not underneath and you move it with your hand to move the pointer.


Input: Graphics Tablet

This is a flat pad that you can draw on using a special pen called a stylus. If you press harder with the pen then the line drawn is thicker.


Input: Concept Keyboard

A concept keyboard uses pictures or symbols instead of letters on top of the keyboard membrane. They are popular in bars and fast food restaurants.


Input: Touch Screen

A monitor that uses infra-red beams of light across the screen. When the beams are disrupted or broken by touching the glass then the computers registers this and responds.


Input: Optical Mark Reader

These detect marks on paper by reflecting light and measuring the different strengths of reflection. Uses include lottery tickets and school registers.


Input: Bar Code Reader

This uses a laser to scan the barcodes found on most goods that can be purchased in shops. The barcodes hold information about the products such as the item number, where it was made and who made it.


Input: Microphone

Microphones are a useful way of capturing sounds especially speech that can then be used on the computer. In some cases software can convert speech into text. This means you could control the computer using your voice.


Input: Scanner

Scanners can be used to put paper based resources such as pictures from books on to the computer. Colours do not always match well and the picture can be fuzzy. You can scan text but would need special software for this. (Text Recognition Software)


Input: Digital Camera

Digital Cameras store pictures electronically on a memory stick or floppy disk.


Output Devices

OUTPUT DEVICESOUTPUT DEVICES

After we have input our information into the After we have input our information into the computer, we need to be able to see or hear the computer, we need to be able to see or hear the results of the work we’ve done. This is done results of the work we’ve done. This is done using different:using different:


Output Devices

PrinterPrinter MonitorMonitor SpeakersSpeakers

All of these output information from the computer:All of these output information from the computer:


Output: Printer

Printers work by converting your work into images that can then be printed out so you can keep a permanent record of your work.

Printers come in three different types Dot matrix, Laser & Ink jet.

Inkjet Laser Impact/Dot Matrix


Output: Monitors

This output device is perhaps the most important and is certainly the most widely used. Without a Monitor it is impossible to see what you are doing or to see if the computer is responding.

It is necessary to take regular breaks if using a monitor over long periods of time to avoid Eye Strain.

LCD Cathode Ray Tube


Output: Speakers

Speakers allow you to hear the sounds that are coming out of the computer. They are very useful for listening to stored multimedia & sound files. In some cases computer software can convert text into spoken words.


Output: Plotters

These are used to make large and very accurate drawings such as plans for architects.


Storage Devices

We all need to save the work we do on a computer so that we can use it again, we do this by saving our work. The hardware that allows us to save work are:

STORAGE DEVICES


Storage DevicesAll of these store information for you:All of these store information for you:

CD-RW’sCD-RW’s Floppy DiskFloppy Disk Hard DiskHard Disk


Storage Devices: Floppy Drive


Storage: Floppy Disks

Floppy Floppy DisksDisks

=1.44mb = 360A4 pages approx.

Floppy disks are useful for backing up & storing small amounts of data and transferring it to another computer. You can use a disk in any computer but they can be unreliable & it is easy to lose data you have stored on it.


Storage Devices: CD Re-Writer

CD-ROM's are very reliable and can hold large quantities of data. Disks can be removed easily to be used in different computers.

You can only save work to a CD if you have a CD writer.


Storage: Hard Disk Drive

Hard Disks have the capacity to store lots of data within a computer. e.g. 40Gb.

Hard Disks are usually fixed inside the computer and are connected to the Motherboard.


Storage Devices: RAM

RAM is Random Access Memory. It only holds information whilst the computer is switched on. RAM holds information such as the programs being run on the computer, the information shown on the screen.


Storage Devices: Zip & Jaz

These are similar to floppy drives in that they write information to small plastic disks. The disks hold a lot more information than a floppy disk.


Storage Devices: Magnetic Tape

Tapes can store large amounts of data relatively quickly and cheaply. They are often used for backing up large amounts of information such as on a network server.


Storage Devices: DVD RW

These disks are like CD’s except that they can store a lot more data. You have to have a DVD writer to record information onto them.


Processing Devices

The computer processorprocessor is where the computer does all its work, You can’t see the processor because it is inside the computers case. There are a number of different processing devices some of these are for specific tasks such as graphics (pictures) or sound.

PROCESSING DEVICES


Processing: Processor

The Processor is the both the brain of the computer & the engine. The processor carries out the millions of instructions that are sent to it every second by software & hardware to allow the computer to function.


Processing: Motherboard

The motherboard passes the The motherboard passes the orders to the computer’s orders to the computer’s processor & other devices.processor & other devices.

The motherboard is the main body of the computer. All commands must pass through it.The design of the board is important because no matter how fast the processor is running it has to pass its orders through the motherboard.


Processing Devices: Video Card

The video card is used to process the pictures and text you see on the screen


Processing Devices: Sound Card

The sound card allows you to hear sound and record sounds on your computer.


Communication Devices

A modem allows a computer to communicate with another computer so they can send and receive data through the telephone line.

A modem works by converting electronic signals from a PC to sound signals that can then be sent or received down a standard telephone line.

Modems can be inside or outside the computer.

INTERNALEXTERNAL


Unit 3 Revision

Hardware


Software



Software


SoftwareWe can divide software up into different

categories::Applications

Software

(Ms Word etc)

Expert Software

(Games etc)

Communication Software

(Internet explorer etc)


Software Types

• BIOS

• Operating System

• Utility Software

• Application Software

• Programming


BIOS• Inside the main processing unit is the

microchip or processor.

• Stored in this is the data needed to Start Up the computer

• BIOS is basic input output system: it is the instructions your computer needs to start.


Operating System

• Computers need an operating system to work.

• An Operating System controls the movement of data around the computer

• Operating systems can be command driven or have a GUI (Graphical User Interface)


Command Driven• An example of this is MS-DOS


Command Driven• Instructions are typed in here through a series

of commands that must be remembered.


Command Driven• CLS: clears the screen

• DIR: lists all the directories

• DIR/P pauses at the end of each screen of directories to allow you to move on.


Command Driven

Advantages

• Fast: commands are carried out relatively quickly.

Disadvantages

• Difficult to use: you have to remember the commands


Graphical User Interface

• An example of this is Microsoft Windowsicons and pop up menus make selecting programs

easy


Graphical User Interface

Advantages

• Easy to use: you don’t have to remember commands simply click on the icons.

Disadvantages

• Can use a large amount of system resources, slowing the computer down.


Utility Software

• Utility software carries out a specific task

• It may be set to run automatically


Utility Software

• e.g. anti-virus software.


Applications Software

Examples of Application SoftwareExamples of Application Software

Applications software enables the computer to Applications software enables the computer to perform a specific task, such as writing a letter perform a specific task, such as writing a letter or creating a poster.or creating a poster.

Microsoft Microsoft WordWord

Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel

Microsoft Microsoft

Power PointPower Point

Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Access

Serif PagePlusSerif PagePlus

Serif WebPlusSerif WebPlus

PaintPaint


Applications

Applications software allows you to use the computer for a variety of tasks.

• Producing letters

• Keeping accounts

• Producing flyers

• Editing Graphics

• Producing images

• Keeping records and organising information

• Creating web pages


Applications

• Word Processor: to produce letters, memos, agendas and other documents


Word Processor: Templates

• You can set up a template in a word processor to save you time.

• Saving a letterhead as a template means you don’t have to retype the same details over and over.

• Using a template can help to reduce input errors & mistakes.


Word Processor: Macros

• You can set up a macro in a word processor to save you time.

• To make a macro you would go to tools/macro/record new macro.

• The software then records everything you do in it. eg typing, selecting menu options or even copying & pasting.

• You can make the macro run from a toolbar button or from a set of keystrokes.


Applications

• Database: to store information and keep it organised.


Software

Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Access

This can be used to create databases.

A database is a collection of information. The data is not stored all higgledy-piggledy it is organised into fields & records.

For Example: a Database could be used to store all the names & address of your members if you ran a sports club. A telephone Book is another example of a database.

You can search the records in a database to find out different information


Applications

• Spreadsheet: works with numbers and calculations, used to manage financial information.


Software

Microsoft ExcelMicrosoft Excel

Spreadsheets can help us to perform calculations that need to be repeated often.

Data from a spreadsheet can be made into graphs or charts.

Spreadsheets are often used for keeping sales records in shops to tell them how much money they have made in a week and record how many of the different items they sell each day.

Once you have set up a spreadsheet it is easy to change information in it.


Applications• Web Page Authoring Package: allows you to

produce web pages and possibly edit HTML code.


Programming

• Programming software allows you to create applications or programs through working in a code or programming language.

• Programs are instructions to the computer.


Expert Software

These are specialist software programs that work things out for you – You can ask them a question, enter data, or perform some action, such as running down the field in a football game.

GamesGames - - These programs often simulate or model real or imaginary situations such as football games or race tracks. Examples include: Solitaire, Fifa, Lemmings, Doom, Star Wars.

Other examples of expert software include: control software which is used to program devices such as traffic lights & Multimedia CD ROMs such as Microsoft Encarta and the Human Body.


Communications Software

Examples of communication software that let us connect to the internet and read WebPages are: Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.

Internet Mail or Outlook Express can be used to write, send and receive Emails.

These are specialist software programs that allow your computer to communicate with another computer. We normally need a piece of hardware called a modem to allow this software to work properly


Unit 3 Revision

Hardware


Software



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