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Authored by : Dr. Harold Alden WilliamsMontgomery College at the Takoma Park/Silver Spring Campus,
Planetarium Director and Physics and Geology Laboratory Coordinator
The Physics of Star Formation
The Physics of Star Formation
A few important equations in Newtonian
hydrodynamics• Continuity equation, conservation of mass
• Equation of Motion, force/volume, in the fluid continuum
• Energy Equation
• Equation of State
• Newtonian Gravity, Poisson’s Equation
Equation of Continuity, conservation of mass
where is the mass density, is the time, is the fluid velocity.
Newton’s Second Law,conservation of momentum
written here in per unit volume.
is the fluid velocity, is the time, is the force per unit volume, is the pressure, is the gravitational potential.
Relationship between total derivative with respect to time and partial derivatives with respect to time for any
function g(x;t)
Newton’s Second Law,conservation of momentum
in conservative form using previous equation
Where is the mass density, is the fluid velocity, is the time, is the momentum density is the pressure, is the gravitational potential.
TextText
Energy EquationThe Energy Equation is the internal energy density
is the velocity
is the pressure
is the local heating functions
is the local cooling function
is the thermal conductivity
is the temperature
Three ways to do science
1. Observation or Experiments, requires large expensive telescopes and/or research grants, doable with graduate student helpers.
2. Theory, largely algebra and calculus, cheap, doable in an undergraduate institution even a community college.
3. Simulation, solving equations on a computer at a super computers center, doable with graduate student helpers in a few institutions with super computer centers.