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Authoring Languages and Web Authoring Software
4.01 Examine web page development and design.
Authoring Languages
Used to control the appearance and functionality of web pages when displayed in a browser Examples include:
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) XML (eXtensible Markup Language) XHTML (eXtensible HTML) Java Applets
HTML
HyperText Markup Language
First and still primary language for developing web pages/sites
Uses codes, or tags, to instruct the browser how to display text and images
Treats all data the same—for display only
Example of HTML code<html>
<title>Student Website</title>
<b>Welcome to my website!</b>
</html>
XML
eXtensible Markup Language
Describes data types to facilitate data processing
Designed to carry data, not to display it Uses author-defined tags to
identify each data entry so that the data can be easily imported into other applications
Metadata—data about data
Example of XML code<weather>
<city>Atlanta</city>
<state>Georgia</state>
<temp>75</temp>
</weather>
XHTMLeXtensible HyperText Markup Language Combination of HTML and XML
Allows designer to mix HTML and XML so that browsers can display and manage data correctly
Aimed to replace HTML as dominant authoring language
Places restrictions on HTML tags so that code is cleaner and can display data as author intended
Requires all HTML tag sets be closed
Requires lowercase tags
Many devices can’t interpret bad HTML code (mobile phones, PDAs)
Java Applets
Short programs written in Java code Added to basic HTML and XHTML Add multimedia, animation, gaming, and
other interactive elements to add interest to the page
http://java.sun.com/applets/
Presentation and Scripting Languages
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) JavaScript
CSSCascading Style Sheets
Separates content from appearance and gives web authors more control over layout and page format
CSS code instructs the Web browser how to format each item.
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
h1 {color: #00ff00}
h2 {color: #dda0dd}
p {color: rgb(0,0,255)}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is header 1</h1>
<h2>This is header 2</h2>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
</body>
</html>
Pros and Cons of CSS
Advantages One style sheet can control
the formatting for multiple web pages. An entire web site can be reformatted by editing one CSS file.
Styles can also be set internally. The CSS is in the header of the html document.
Disadvantage May alter the ability of
some devices to accurately read and display information.
JavaScript An object based scripting
language that allows creation and execution procedures within a web page
Does not require plug-ins (additional programs for the user to install)
Widely supported by most browsers
JavaScript example displays this dialog box in the browser window:
<html><head><title>JavaScript Example</title><script type="text/JavaScript">var foo="Greetings, visitor!"alert(foo);</script></head><body></body></html>
Web Authoring Software
There are several web authoring software solutions available for authoring and managing web sites. Two major solutions are Microsoft Expression Web2 and Adobe Dreamweaver CS4.
Web site hosts also provide proprietary web software authoring solutions for managing their sites.
Web Authoring Software
Microsoft Expression Web2 (replaces Microsoft FrontPage)
http://www.microsoft.com/expression/products/Overview.aspx?key=web
Adobe Dreamweaver CS4
http://www.adobe.com/products/dreamweaver/