AUTHORIZED ENTRANT / ATTENDANT CONFINED SPACE …

REV2021A 2-02-CSS ( LP i )

8:00 am to 8:20 am COURSE INTRODUCTION

8:20 am to 9:00 am REGULATION OVERVIEW

9:00 am to 9:20 am OSHA STANDARD 1910.146

9:20 am to 9:30 am BREAK

9:30 am to 10:40 am PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS

10:40 am to 10:50 am BREAK

10:50 am to 11:00 am SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

11:00 am to 12:00 pm USE OF EQUIPMENT

12:00 pm to 1:00 pm LUNCH

1:00 pm to 1:10 pm MAINTAINING AN ACCURATE COUNT

1:10 pm to 1:20 pm CONCLUSION

1:20 pm to 1:50 pm DEFINITIONS

1:50 pm to 2:30 pm APPENDIX

2:30 pm to 2:40 pm BREAK

2:40 pm to 3:00 pm COURSE REVIEW & FINAL TEST

3:00 pm to 4:00 pm COMPANY SPECIFIC HANDS ON EQUIPMENT TRAINING

4:00 pm to 5:00 pm COMPANY SPECIFIC CANCELED PERMIT REVIEW

AUTHORIZED ENTRANT / ATTENDANT

CONFINED SPACE SAFETY PROGRAM

ITINERARY

NOTE: Times indicate only an approximate guideline.

LESSON OUTLINE: 8:00 am I. Explain the training approach for the course A. Student Workbook C. Course Test II. Pass out and have students complete the background form III. Review the table of contents with students 8:20 am

SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION

DURATION: 20 Minutes

TRAINING AID: PowerPoint Program

STUDENT MATERIAL: Student Workbook, Background Survey / Evaluation

OBJECTIVES: To explain the training approach to the students & what is to be accomplished from this course

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR: Blue texts are main headings or other information that needs to be stressed. Red underlined text is information students need to write in their workbook. Use the "NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR" area to make site specific notes that need to be presented in the class.

( LP ii )

REV2021A CSS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REGULATORY OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 1 OSHA STANDARD 1910.146 ................................................................................................................... 5 PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS .............................................................................. 7 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ......................................................................................................................... 14 USE OF EQUIPMENT .............................................................................................................................. 15 MAINTAINING AN ACCURATE COUNT .................................................................................................. 20 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................................................... 21 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................................... 22 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................... 25

LESSON OUTLINE: 8:20 am I. Review Training Requirements of 29 CFR 1910.146 (g) 8:30 am II. Review the Duties of the Authorized Entrants III. Review the Duties of the Attendants IV. Discuss the Duties of the Entry Supervisor

SUBJECT: REGULATORY OVERVIEW



STUDENT MATERIAL: Student Workbook Page 1 - 4

OBJECTIVES: To give the student an understanding of why they are in the training course and a basic knowledge of the regulation.

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 1 )

REGULATORY OVERVIEW

I. 29 CFR 1910.146 (g) Training. (1) The employer shall provide training so that all employees whose work is regulated by this section acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned under this section. (2) Training shall be provided to each affected employee: (i) Before the employee is first assigned duties under this section; (ii) Before there is a change in assigned duties; (iii) Whenever there is a change in permit space operations that presents a hazard about which an employee has not previously been trained; (iv) Whenever the employer has reason to believe either that there are deviations from the permit space entry procedures required by paragraph (d)(3) of this section or that there are inadequacies in the employee's knowledge or use of these procedures. (3) The training shall establish employee proficiency in the duties required by this section and shall introduce new or revised procedures, as necessary, for compliance with this section. (4) The employer shall certify that the training required by paragraphs (g)(1) through (g) (3) of this section has been accomplished. The certification shall contain each employee's name, the signatures or initials of the trainers, and the dates of training. The certification shall be available for inspection by employees and their authorized representatives.

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Review Training Requirements of 29 CFR 1910.146 (g) 8:30 am II. Review the Duties of the Authorized Entrants 8:40 am III. Review the Duties of the Attendants IV. Discuss the Duties of the Entry Supervisor

SUBJECT: REGULATORYOVERVIEW CONTINUE


NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 2 )

REGULATORY OVERVIEW

II. 29 CFR 1910.146 (h) Duties of Authorized Entrants: The employer shall ensure that all authorized entrants: (1) Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure; (2) Properly use equipment as required by paragraph (d)(4) of this section; (3) Communicate with the attendant as necessary to enable the attendant to monitor entrant status and to enable the attendant to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space as required by paragraph (i)(6) of this section; (4) Alert the attendant whenever: (i) The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation, or (ii) The entrant detects a prohibited condition; and (5) Exit from the permit space whenever: (i) An order to evacuate is given by the attendant or the entry supervisor, (ii) The entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of exposure to a dangerous situation, (iii) The entrant detects a prohibited condition, or (iv) An evacuation alarm is activated.

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Review Training Requirements of 29 CFR 1910.146 (g) II. Review the Duties of the Authorized Entrants 8:40 am III. Review the Duties of the Attendants 8:50 am IV. Discuss the Duties of the Entry Supervisor

SUBJECT: REGULATORY OVERVIEW CONTINUE


NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 3 )

REGULATORY OVERVIEW

III. 29 CFR 1910.146 (i) Duties of Attendants: The employer shall ensure that each attendant: (1) Knows the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure; (2) Is aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure in authorized entrants; (3) Continuously maintains an accurate count of authorized entrants in the permit space and ensures that the means used to identify authorized entrants under paragraph (f) of this section accurately identifies who is in the permit space; (4) Remains outside the permit space during entry operations until relieved by another attendant; Note: When the employer’s permit entry program allows attendant entry for rescue, attendants may enter a permit space to attempt a rescue if they have been trained and equipped for rescue operations as required by paragraph (k)(1) of this section and if they have been relieved as required by paragraph (i)(4) of this section. (5) Communicates with authorized entrants as necessary to monitor entrant status and to alert entrants of the need to evacuate the space under paragraph (i)(6) of the standard; (6) Monitors activities inside and outside the space to determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the space and orders the authorized entrants to evacuate the permit space immediately under any of the following conditions: (i) If the attendant detects a prohibited condition; (ii) If the attendant detects any behavioral effects of hazard exposure in an authorized entrant; (iii)If the attendant detects a situation outside the space that could endanger the authorized entrants or, (iv) If the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform all the duties required under paragraph (i) of this section; (7) Summons rescue and other emergency services as soon as the attendant determines that authorized entrants may need assistance to escape from permit space hazards;

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Review Training Requirements of 29 CFR 1910.146 (g) II. Review the Duties of the Authorized Entrants 8:50 am III. Review the Duties of the Attendants IV. Discuss the Duties of the Entry Supervisor 9:00 am

SUBJECT: REGULATORY OVERVIEW CONTINUE


NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 4 )

REGULATORY OVERVIEW

III. 29 CFR 1910.146 (i) Duties of Attendants: (Continued)

(8) Takes the following actions when unauthorized persons approach or enter a permit space while entry is underway: (i) Warn the unauthorized persons that they must stay away from the permit space; (ii) Advise the unauthorized persons that they must exit immediately if they have entered the permit space; and (iii) Inform the authorized persons that they must exit immediately if an unauthorized person has entered the permit space; (9) Performs non-entry rescues as specified by the employer’s rescue procedure; and (10) Performs no duties that might interfere with the attendant’s primary duty to monitor and protect the authorized entrants.

IV. 29 CFR 1910.146 (j) Duties of Entry Supervisor:

(1) Knows the hazards that may be faced during entry, including information on the mode, signs or symptoms, and consequences of the exposure; (2) Verifies, by checking that the appropriate entries have been made on the permit, that all tests specified by the permit have been conducted and that all procedures and equipment specified by the permit are in place before endorsing the permit and allowing entry to begin; (3) Terminates the entry and cancels the permit as required by paragraph (e)(5) of this section; (4) Verifies that rescue services are available and that the means for summoning them are operable; (5) Removes unauthorized individuals who enter or who attempt to enter the permit space during entry operations; and (6) Determines, whenever responsibility for a permit space entry operation is transferred and at intervals dictated by the hazards and operations performed within the space, that entry operations remain consistent with terms of the entry permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained.

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LESSON OUTLINE: 9:00 am I. Read OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.146 overview II. Outline the definition of permit-required confined space 9:10 am III. Discuss some general examples of permit-required confined spaces (Help

students to connect the definition of a permit-required confined space to each example) IV. Review with students some on-site examples of permit-required confined spaces

SUBJECT: OSHA STANDARD 1910.146


TRAINING AID: PowerPoint Program, Company Permit-Required Confined Space Program, Confined Space Permit, Safety Equipment


OBJECTIVES: Trainees will be able to identify permit-required confined spaces

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 5 )

OSHA STANDARD 1910.146 I. WHAT IS OSHA STANDARD 1910.146:

OSHA standard 29 CFR Part 1910.146 went into effect on April 15, 1993. The standard requires employers to evaluate their workplaces and determine if they contain any “Permit-Required Confined Spaces”.

II. WHAT IS A PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE: A. ITS SIZE AND SHAPE ALLOWS A PERSON TO ENTER THE SPACE, AND B. IT HAS A LIMITED OR A RESTRICTED MEAN FOR ENTRY OR EXIT, AND C. IT IS NOT DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS EMPLOYEE OCCUPANCY, AND D. IT HAS ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: 1. CONTAINS OR HAS A POTENTIAL TO CONTAIN A HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE, OR 2. CONTAINS A MATERIAL WITH THE POTENTIAL FOR ENGULFMENT OF THE

ENTRANT, OR 3. HAS AN INTERNAL CONFIGURATION SUCH THAT AN ENTRANT COULD BE TRAPPED OR ASPHYXIATED BY INWARDLY CONVERGING WALLS, OR A FLOOR WHICH SLOPES DOWNWARD AND TAPERS TO A SMALLER CROSS- SECTION, OR 4. CONTAINS ANY OTHER RECOGNIZED SERIOUS SAFETY OR HEALTH HAZARD

If such areas are identified in the workplace, employees must be alerted through the use of signs or other equally effective means of

their presence. Also, a written program must be developed to prevent unauthorized entry into these hazardous areas.

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Read OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.146 overview II. Outline the definition of permit-required confined space 9:10 am III. Discuss some general examples of permit-required confined spaces. (Help students to connect the definition of a permit-required confined space to each example) IV. Review with students some on-site examples of permit-required confined spaces 9:20 am

Break 10 minutes 9:30 am

Introduce specific company policies and procedures. Help the students identify the location of each Permit-Required Confined Space in their work area and the hazardous characteristics associated with each space. Show Optional CSB Title No Escape: Dangers of Confined Spaces (16 Minutes)

SUBJECT: OSHA STANDARD 1910.146 CONTINUED

OBJECTIVES: Trainees will be able to identify permit-required confined spaces

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 6 )

III. EXAMPLES OF PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES:

SILOS TANKS

PIPELINES

IV. SITE SPECIFIC PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES: Identify the location of each Permit-Required Confined Space in your work area and the hazardous characteristics associated with each space.

LOCATION ON-SITE HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS

OSHA STANDARD 1910.146

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SUBJECT: PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS

DURATION: 1 Hours & 10 Minutes

TRAINING AID: PowerPoint Program, Various types of safety equipment for demonstration


OBJECTIVES: Provide training so that all employees whose work is regulated by 1910.146 acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned.

LESSON OUTLINE: 9:30 am I. Discuss the permit-required confined space hazards as outlined: A. Chemical Exposure 9:40 am B. Fire and Explosion C. Oxygen Deficiency / Enrichment D. Heat Stress E. Engulfment F. Hazardous Energy G. Physical & Other Safety Hazards

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 7 )

PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS

Within a confined space there are several potential sources of toxic chemicals. Most obvious would be residues of substances previously stored or used in the space. Also, many protective coatings applied to storage tanks could release toxic fumes when heated.

A. CHEMICAL EXPOSURE Preventing exposure to toxic chemicals is a primary concern in confined space entry. To do so, we must first identify how chemicals can enter the body and the adverse consequences of exposure. There are four routes, (termed as "Exposure Routes") through which chemicals can enter the unprotected body.

INHALATION

SKIN ABSORPTION

INGESTION

INJECTION

While uncommon in most workplaces, it can occur when a sharp object (e.g., needle) punctures the skin and injects a chemical (or virus) directly into the bloodstream. Wearing safety shoes, avoiding physical hazards, and taking Common Sense precautions are important protective measures against injection.

This exposure can also occur via the intentional or inadvertent ingestion of soil, dust, or chemical residues on surfaces or objects that are contacted via hand-to-mouth or object-to-mouth activity. Proper Hygiene and Standard Operating Procedures are the best means of preventing exposures via this route.

This exposure can result from skin contact with contaminated environmental media. Workers can come into contact with chemicals from products directly (e.g. during use) or indirectly (e.g., chemicals that have settled on surfaces). Wearing Protective Clothing, keeping hands away from the face, and minimizing contact with chemicals can help protect the absorption route.

This exposure can result from breathing air that is contaminated with particulate matter (e.g., dust), vapors (e.g., volatile or semi-volatile contaminants), or aerosols. Respiratory Protection is therefore extremely Important if there is a possibility that the work-site atmosphere may contain hazardous substances.

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SUBJECT: PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE HAZARDS CONTINUED


LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the permit-required confined space hazards as outlined: A. Chemical Exposure 9:40 am B. Fire and Explosion 9:50 am C. Oxygen Deficiency / Enrichment D. Heat Stress E. Engulfment F. Hazardous Energy G. Physical & Other Safety Hazards

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 8 )


B. FIRE AND EXPLOSION There are many causes of fires and explosions in permit-required confined spaces, some may be:

Chemical Reactions; Ignition of Explosive or Flammable Chemicals; Ignition of Materials Due to Oxygen Enrichment; Static Electricity; Sparks from Grinding or Welding.

In order for a fire or an explosion to occur, certain ingredients must be present, they are: HEAT FUEL OXIDIZER CHEMICAL REACTION

Terminology has been developed to assist in identifying when a fire or explosion hazard may exist. For example:

The lowest concentration of a substance that will produce a fire or flash when an ignition source is present is called the:

LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT [ LEL ]

It is expressed as a percent of vapor or gas in the air by volume. At concentrations below this amount the mixture is too “lean” to burn.

The highest concentration of a substance that will burn or explode when an ignition source is present is called the:

UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT [ UEL ]

Expressed in percent of vapor or gas in the air by volume. At concentrations above this amount the mixture is too “rich” to burn.

The range of concentration between the LEL and UEL is called the:

FLAMMABLE RANGE [ FR ]

When evaluating the fire or explosion hazards at a site, remember that all equipment used

should be intrinsically safe or explosion-proof. Where flammable or explosive atmospheres

are detected, ventilation may dilute the mixture to below the LEL/LFL. However, ventilation is

generally not recommended if concentrations exceed the UEL/UFL, since the mixture will

pass through the flammable/explosive range as it is diluted. Note: combustible gas indicator

readings may not be accurate when oxygen concentrations are less than 19.5 percent.

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the permit-required confined space hazards as outlined: A. Chemical Exposure

B. Fire and Explosion 9:50 am C. Oxygen Deficiency / Enrichment 10:00 am D. Heat Stress E. Engulfment F. Hazardous Energy G. Physical & Other Safety Hazards

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

Show Optional CSB Title Hazards of Nitrogen Asphyxiation (12 Minutes)

( LP 9 )


C. OXYGEN DEFICIENCY / ENRICHMENT Toxic gas often is to blame when workers unnecessarily die due to asphyxiation in environments where the oxygen is depleted by gases such as nitrogen. Heroic efforts by would-be rescuers who are overcome by oxygen deficiency or other toxic gases actually result in 60 percent of all fatalities.

Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres

Contain:

< 19.5%

A decrease in the oxygen levels can occur through one or more of the following processes:

CONSUMPTION Oxygen may be consumed through activities that involve the use of open flames (i.e., welding, torch cutting, brazing) and by, for example, the operation of compressors and pumps.

CHEMICAL REACTION Relevant chemical reactions include the following: Corrosion, Fermentation and Decomposition.

Normal Oxygen Atmosphere

Contain:

21%

DISPLACEMENT The introduction of a gas. Examples include Simple Asphyxiants and Chemical Asphyxiants.

HEADACHES (16%)

Physiological effects of oxygen deficiency in humans are readily apparent when the oxygen concentration in the air decreases. These effects include:

IMPAIRED JUDGEMENT / COORDINATION (14%)

INCREASED BREATING / HEART RATE (14%)

NAUSEA (13%)

UNCONSCIOUSNESS (12%)

DEATH (6 - 8%)

Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres

Contain:

> 23.5%

Oxygen deficiency is the primary hazard associated with confined spaces! Qualified personnel should always monitor for oxygen levels within a confined space.

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the permit-required confined space hazards as outlined: A. Chemical Exposure

B. Fire and Explosion C. Oxygen Deficiency / Enrichment 10:00 am D. Heat Stress 10:10 am E. Engulfment F. Hazardous Energy G. Physical & Other Safety Hazards

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 10 )

D. HEAT STRESS Heat stress is a major hazard, especially for workers wearing personal protective clothing. Personal protective clothing can therefore create a hazardous condition. Depending on the ambient conditions and the work being performed, heat stress can occur very rapidly - within as little as 15 minutes.

EARLY STAGES OF HEAT STRESS CAN CAUSE:


CONTINUED HEAT STRESS EXPOSURE CAN LEAD TO:

HEAT STRESS DISORDERS

AVOIDING OVERPROTECTION, FREQUENT MONITORING, FREQUENT REPLACEMENT OF FLUIDS, CAREFUL TRAINING, JUDICIOUS SCHEDULING OF WORK AND REST PERIODS

HEAT STRESS PREVENTION TIPS

Proper training and preventive measures will help avert serious illness and loss of work productivity. Preventing heat stress is particularly important because once someone suffers from heat stroke or heat exhaus-tion, that person may be predisposed to additional heat injuries. To avoid heat stress, the following steps should be taken:

RASHES A skin irritation caused by excessive sweating during hot, humid weather. CRAMPS Usually affects people who sweat a lot during strenuous activity. This sweating depletes the body’s salt and moisture. The low salt level in the muscles causes painful cramps.

HEAT EXHAUSTION Is the body’s response to an excessive loss of the water and salt contained in sweat. Those most prone to heat exhaustion are elderly people, people with high blood pressure, and people working or exercising in a hot environment. HEAT STROKE Occurs when the body is unable to regulate its temperature. The body’s temperature rises rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down. Body temperature may rise to 106°F or higher within 10 to 15 minutes. Heat stroke can cause death or permanent disability if emergency treatment is not provided.

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the permit-required confined space hazards as outlined A. Chemical Exposure B. Fire and Explosion C. Oxygen Deficiency / Enrichment D. Heat Stress 10:10 am E. Engulfment 10:20 am F. Hazardous Energy G. Physical & Other Safety Hazards

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 11 )

E. ENGULFMENT Means, the surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction or crushing.


ENGULFMENT HAZARDS INCLUDE:

ASPHYXIATION Suffocation from engulfment is a leading cause of death in grain bins, and the number of these deaths continues to rise. In fact, the number of deaths more than doubled between 2006 and 2010. These fatalities are preventable if employers follow work practices and provide training and equipment as required by OSHA's Grain Handling Facilities standard, 29 CFR 1910.272.

CRUSTING / BRIDGING Some material can develop a crust on the top surface. This crust appears solid, but it is unstable and may hide open voids below that develop as material is removed. Bridged material can collapse under a person’s weight, resulting in the victim being buried by falling and shifting material. If unloading equipment is running at the time this occurs, the victim can be rapidly pulled down toward the bottom of the bin.

FLOODING Flooding and hazardous materials spills or releases may create dangerous confined space hazards. For work inside storm sewers, tunnels and other spaces where flash floods are a risk, OSHA’s new standard for construction work in confined spaces requires continuous monitoring of engulfment hazards.

Engulfment hazards can and must be mitigated before entering a confined space. In order to mitigate the hazard, the means of delivery must to be closed. A valve would be used to close a pipe or hose, a shut-off would be used in the case of a conveyor, and for a slide delivery system, it would need to be blocked. Once there is no possibility for material to enter the space, the space must then be drained, vacuumed, or pumped clear of all material. The dangers of working in a space with a fine flowable solid are just as life threatening. A fine flowable solid, such as sand, can easily cause suffocation if the nose or mouth were to become covered. In the event that your airways remain clear it is still possible to be crushed by the heavy solid.

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the permit-required confined space hazards as outlined A. Chemical Exposure B. Fire and Explosion C. Oxygen Deficiency / Enrichment D. Heat Stress E. Engulfment 10:20 am F. Hazardous Energy 10:30 am G. Physical & Other Safety Hazards

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 12 )

Isolation is a process by which an energy source is removed from service and employees are completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space, and contact with a physical hazard, by such means as:

OTHER ENERGY RELATED HAZARDS ARE: OVERHEAD POWERLINES BURIED CABLES DOWNED ELECTRICAL WIRES

ALL OF WHICH POSE A DANGER OF SHOCK OR ELECTROCUTION IF WORKERS CONTACT OR SEVER THEM DURING ENTRY OPERATIONS.

Electrical equipment brought into the space could be a source of Shock or could produce Sparks. To help minimize this hazard, low voltage equipment with ground-fault interrupters and watertight corrosion-resistant connecting cables should be used.

F. HAZARDOUS ENERGY In order to isolate a Permit-Required Confined Space before entry, as stated in 29 CFR 1910.146(f)(8), hazardous energy will need to be locked and tagged out.


LOCKING AND TAGGING OUT ELECTRICAL SOURCES; BLANKING AND BLEEDING PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC LINES; DISCONNECTING MECHANICAL DRIVES AND SHAFTS SECURING MECHANICAL PARTS BLANKING SEWER AND WATER FLOW LOCKING AND TAGGING OUT SHUTOF VALVES

Whatever means of isolation you choose to use, it needs to be tested to ensure it is suitably reliable. It is the responsibility of the supervisor to ensure that all necessary isolations have been made and are effective.

ISOLATION FROM GASES, LIQUIDS AND OTHER FLOWING MATERIALS Confined spaces will often need to be isolated from ingress of substances that could pose a risk to those working within the space. Methods of isolation may include:

COMPLETE DISCONNECTION OF PIPES OR DUCTS; INSERTION OF BLANKS; RELIABLE VALVES THAT CAN BE LOCKED SHUT.

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LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the permit-required confined space hazards as outlined A. Chemical Exposure B. Fire and Explosion C. Oxygen Deficiency / Enrichment D. Heat Stress E. Engulfment F. Hazardous Energy 10:30 am G. Physical & Other Safety Hazards 10:40 am Break 10 minutes 10:50 am

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

Show Optional CSB Title Death in the Oilfield (9 Minutes)

( LP 13 )

G. PHYSICAL & OTHER SAFETY HAZARDS Physical hazards such as holes or ditches, precariously positioned objects that could fall, sharp objects, and unstable surfaces that could collapse, can pose significant threats in confined space entry.


BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

Contact with micro-organisms, such as viruses, bacteria or fungi, may result in infectious diseases, dermatitis or lung conditions such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Sewers, grain silos and manure pits are examples of confined spaces where biological hazards may be present.

SKIN CONTACT WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

The nature of a confined space could give rise to an increased likelihood of skin contact with surface contaminants. Skin contact with hazardous substances may result in immediate health effects such as burns, irritation or allergic dermatitis, or longer-term systemic effects.

NOISE

Noise generated in a confined space from the work method or process may be amplified due to reflections off hard surfaces. Exposure to hazardous noise may result in hearing loss, tinnitus and other non-auditory health effects.

MANUAL TASKS

Hazards arising from manual tasks may be exacerbated by physical constraints associated with working in a confined space. Additional hazards may arise from the use of personal protective equipment that restricts movement, grip and mobility.

HAZARDS OUTSIDE THE CONFINED SPACE

Where the confined space has a vertical opening, there is a risk that people could fall in. Traffic hazards are a concern where confined space entrances or exits are located on footpaths or roads. There is the potential for workers entering or exiting the space to be struck and injured by vehicle traffic.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEMANDS

Working in a confined space may impose additional physiological and psychological demands over and above those encountered in a normal working environment. Consideration should be given to a worker’s:

Physical Ability Ability To Work In A Restrictive Space (for example claustrophobia) Ability To Wear The Personal Protective Equipment Required To Do The Work

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SUBJECT: SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS



STUDENT MATERIAL: Student Workbook Page 14


LESSON OUTLINE: 10:50 am I. Review the signs and symptoms of possible exposure A. Chemical Exposure B. Heat Exhaustion C. Heat Stroke 11:00 am

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 14 )

SIGN AND/OR SYMPTOMS EXPOSURE

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Not only does the standard require personnel involved in confined space entry to know the hazards involved, but they must also be able to identify signs or symptoms and adverse consequences of the exposure.

Behavioral Changes, Breathing Difficulties,

Changes in Complexion, Coordination Difficulties,

Fatigue and Weakness, Coughing, Sneezing,

Light-headedness, Irritation of Eyes & Nose,

Dizziness, Drooling.

CHEMICAL

HEAT EXHAUSTION

HEAT STROKE

SIGN AND/OR SYMPTOMS

Clammy Skin, Confusion, Dizziness,

Fainting, Fatigue, Heat Rash,

Nausea, Slurred Speech, Weak Pulse,

Profuse Sweating, Light-headedness.

EXPOSURE

SIGN AND/OR SYMPTOMS

Confusion, Hot Skin, Incoherent Speech,

Staggering Gate, Convulsions, Unconsciousness

High Temperature [Yet may feel chilled]

Sweating Stops [Yet residual sweat may be present]

EXPOSURE

Exposure to chemicals can result in varying symptoms with different degrees of danger. Mild reactions include burning and tearing of the eyes, throat, nose, chest and skin. Severe reactions include coughing, wheezing, feeling faint, convulsions and even death.

Heat exhaustion is the body’s response to an excessive loss of the water and salt, usually through excessive sweating. Workers most prone to heat exhaustion are those that are elderly, have high blood pressure, and those working in a hot environment.

Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related illness. It occurs when the body becomes unable to control its temperature: the body’s temperature rises rapidly, the sweating mechanism fails, and the body is unable to cool down. When heat stroke occurs, the body temperature can rise to 106°F or higher within 10 to 15 minutes. Heat stroke can cause death or permanent disability if emergency treatment is not given.

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SUBJECT: USE OF EQUIPMENT

DURATION: 1 Hour



OBJECTIVES: Provide training so that all employees who use different types of equipment acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills necessary for the safe use of that equipment.

LESSON OUTLINE: 11:00 am I. Discuss the different types of equipment that are available for use in permit spaces. A. Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring 11:10 am B. Ventilation C. Communication Systems D. Respiratory Protective Equipment E. Additional Safety Equipment

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 15 )

USE OF EQUIPMENT

Equipment that employees may require for safe entry into a permit space should be provided at no cost to employees and maintained properly. In addition, the employer is responsible to ensure that the employee is trained on that equipment and uses that equipment properly.

A. ATMOSPHERIC TESTING AND MONITORING Because air doesn't move freely through most confined spaces, hazardous vapors or gases often collect inside the space creating extremely dangerous situations.

BASIC INSTRUMENTS: Many different instruments are available for testing atmospheres in a confined space. These units provide the reading on a meter or indicator on the instrument within a few seconds or minutes after sampling. These instruments may be called "direct reading" devices and can include the following:

C.G.I. "EXPLOSIVE METER" OXYGEN METER

Multigas Detectors (like the one on the left) simultaneously measures up to

four gases from a wide range of sensor options including: combustible

gases, O2, CO and H2S - depending on the model selected.

Many instruments alert the user through visual or audio signals to hazardous conditions or thresholds for which the instrument was designed.

DETECTOR TUBES AND PUMPS FIXED-AIR MONITORS

BASIC PROCEDURES: Zero your instrument in known fresh air prior to sampling for suspect gases or vapors. Sample through a pick-hole, or open the cover slightly on the downwind side, before opening the cover completely. It is important to understand that some gases or vapors are heavier than air and will settle to the bottom of a confined space. Also, some gases are lighter than air and will be found around the top of the confined space. Therefore, it is necessary to test all areas (at least every 4ft. in the direction of travel) of a confined space with properly calibrated testing instruments to determine what gases are present. As work progresses, a once-safe atmosphere can become hazardous due to leaks, combustion, cleaning processes or other influencing factors. Therefore, sample frequently or continuously.

( 15 )

SUBJECT: USE OF EQUIPMENT CONTINUED


LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the different types of equipment that are available for use in permit spaces. A. Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring 11:10 am

B. Ventilation 11:20 am C. Communication Systems D. Respiratory Protective Equipment E. Additional Safety Equipment

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 16 )

VENTILATION SHOULD BE CONTINUOUS WHERE POSSIBLE, BECAUSE IN MANY CONFINED SPACES THE HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE WILL FORM AGAIN

WHEN THE FLOW OF AIR IS STOPPED.

USE OF EQUIPMENT

B. VENTILATION One of the most effective methods for controlling atmospheric hazards in confined spaces is through ventilation. Ventilation replaces contaminated air with clean, breathable air. There are several methods for ventilating a confined space. The method and equipment chosen are dependent upon the size of the confined space openings, the gases to be exhausted (e.g., are they flammable?), and the source of makeup air.

TYPES OF VENTILATION:

1. NATURAL VENTILATION For confined spaces, natural ventilation is inadequate to protect employees and mechanical ventilation must be used. Because air doesn't move freely through most confined spaces, hazardous vapors or gases often collect inside the space creating extremely dangerous situations.

2. MECHANICAL VENTILATION Mechanical ventilation may be either local exhaust ventilation (LEV) or dilution ventilation. LEV is effective where the source of contaminant generation is localized, the extraction point can be located close to the source and adequate make-up air is available (for example, capture or extraction of welding fume).

During operations likely to generate contaminants, mechanical ventilation equipment may not be adequate or sufficiently reliable to maintain contaminants at acceptable levels or to ensure a safe oxygen level. Where mechanical ventilation equipment is likely to be necessary to maintain acceptable contaminant levels in a confined space, the equipment should:

Be monitored to ensure continuous operation while the confined space is occupied.

Have the controls (including any remote power

supply) clearly identified, tagged and protected to guard against unauthorized interference.

( 16 )



LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the different types of equipment that are available for use in permit spaces. A. Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring B. Ventilation 11:20 am

C. Communication Systems 11:30 am D. Respiratory Protective Equipment E. Additional Safety Equipment

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 17 )

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS:

VERBAL Can be impeded by on-site background noise and the use of personal protective equipment. For example, speech transmission through a respirator can be poor, and hearing can be impaired by protective hoods and respirator air flow.

TWO-WAY RADIO All communication devices used in a potentially explosive atmosphere must be intrinsically safe and not capable of sparking, and should be checked daily to ensure that they are operating properly.

NOISEMAKERS Alarms or short clear messages can be conveyed by audible signals. For example, bullhorns, megaphones, sirens, bells, and whistles may be used as a backup if radio communication fails.

HANDSIGNALS

Hand Clutching Throat: Out of air - Can't breathe

Hand On Top Of Head: Need some assistance

Thumbs Up: I'm OK - I'm alright - I understand

Thumbs Down: No - Negative

Grip Partner's Wrist Or Both Hands Around Partner's Waist:

Leave area immediately - Help

USE OF EQUIPMENT

C. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Authorized Entrants must maintain contact with their Attendant to improve their chances of safe exit. Such systems as two-way radios, television, or hand signals, in combination with alarms and voice contact, are considered effective methods of communication between attendant and entrant.

In addition, Attendants share communications responsibilities with Authorized Entrants, order exit, and summon rescuers if necessary.

Attendants are to perform no duties that might interfere with their primary duty to monitor

and protect the authorized entrants.

( 17 )

This section is only an overview. Training must also be performed in accordance with each companies Respiratory Protection Program.



LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the different types of equipment that are available for use in permit spaces. A. Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring B. Ventilation C. Communication Systems 11:30 am

D. Respiratory Protective Equipment 11:45 am E. Additional Safety Equipment

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 18 )

SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS

Uses a source of respirable air or oxygen carried by the wearer. It is designed to prevent the inhalation and ingestion of unknown or harmful concentrations of airborne contaminants and/or supply fresh breathing air in oxygen deficient atmospheres.

SUPPLIED-AIR RESPIRATORS Uses air supplied to the wearer from some source, usually a compressor or bank of compressed air cylinders, located some distance from the work area. It is similar in operation to the Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus except for the trailing high pressure hose.

USE OF EQUIPMENT

D. RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Respirators are devices that can allow workers to breathe safely in hazardous atmospheres. There are two basic types of respirators available; they are: Atmosphere Supplying Respirators, and Air-Purifying Respirators. Atmosphere Supplying Respirators are most often selected for use inside a permit-required confined space.

ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS:

Unless an escape capability is provided, OSHA does not recommend the Supplied-Air Respirator for use in atmospheres which are highly hazardous or oxygen-deficient. The escape problem can be overcome when the SAR is combined with either a small escape cylinder of air or an SCBA to function as a combination Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus and Supplied-Air Respirator.

FULL / HALF FACE AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS Air-purifying respirators consist of a facepiece and an air-purifying device, which is either a removable component of the facepiece or an air-purifying apparatus worn on a body harness and attached to the facepiece by a corrugated breathing hose (Powered Air-Purifying Respirator).

AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATOR SHOULD NEVER BE USED IN: 1. ENVIRONMENTS WITH LESS THAN 19.5 % OXYGEN 2. ATMOSPHERES THAT ARE IDLH 3. ATMOSPHERES THAT ARE HIGHLY TOXIC AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS 4. SUBSTANCES THAT HAVE POOR WARNING PROPERTIES

AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS:

( 18 )



NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

LESSON OUTLINE: I. Discuss the different types of equipment that are available for use in permit spaces. A. Atmospheric Testing and Monitoring B. Ventilation C. Communication Systems D. Respiratory Protective Equipment 11:45 am

E. Additional Safety Equipment 12:00 pm

LUNCH ( 60 Minutes ) 1:00 pm

( LP 19 )

BARRIERS LADDERS

SAFE LIGHTING SELF RESCUE

EQUIPMENT

USE OF EQUIPMENT

E. ADDITIONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT In addition to the Respirator Protective Equipment, the Attendant and Entrant must also know how to select and use other types of equipment made available to them by the employer. All such equipment should be used in accordance with the regulation that it is covered under. Training should be completed prior to the use of ALL equipment and be provided at no cost to the employee.

( 19 )

SUBJECT: MAINTAINING AN ACCURATE COUNT


TRAINING AID: PowerPoint Program, Sign In Forms


OBJECTIVES: Provide training on different methods used for keep track of the Authorized Entrants within a Permit Space.

LESSON OUTLINE: 1:00 pm I. Discuss the different ways to keep track of the Authorized Entrants 1:10 pm

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 20 )

ENTRANTS NAME TIME IN TIME OUT REASON SIGNATURE

"PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACES"

29 CFR 1910.146

SIGN IN/OUT ROSTER

MAINTAINING AN ACCURATE COUNT

The Attendant must be able to continuously maintain an accurate count of authorized entrants in the permit space and ensures that the means used to identify authorized entrants accurately identifies who is in the permit space.

A. THRU THE USE OF THE PERMIT ITSELF

WAYS TO ACCOUNT FOR AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS:

B. VISUALLY KEEPING TRACK OF ENTRANTS

C. INDIVIDUAL TRACKING SYSTEMS

D. SIGN IN/OUT ROSTERS POSTED AT THE ENTRANCE

( 20 )

SUBJECT: CONCLUSION




OBJECTIVES: To ensure students understanding of the material presented and to summarize the training.

LESSON OUTLINE: 1:10 pm I. Discuss the conclusion of the course with the students. 1:20 pm

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 21 )

AUTHORIZED ENTRANT / ATTENDANT REMINDERS: 1. IT IS UP TO EACH OF US TO IDENTIFY UNSAFE ACTS AND CONDITIONS, AND THEN TAKE WHATEVER

STEPS ARE NECESSARY TO MINIMIZE THESE HAZARDS. 2. BE CAREFUL TO CHECK AND DOUBLE CHECK THAT ALL ENTRY PROCEDURES HAVE BEEN

ACCOMPLISHED PRIOR TO ENTRY AND THAT A PERMIT HAS BEEN ISSUED. 3. REMEMBER ATTENDANTS PERFORM NO DUTIES THAT MIGHT INTERFERE WITH THEIR PRIMARY DUTY TO

MONITOR AND PROTECT THE AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS. 4. ATTENDANTS SHALL ALWAYS REMAIN OUTSIDE THE PERMIT SPACE DURING ENTRY OPERATIONS UNTIL

RELIEVED BY ANOTHER QUALIFIED ATTENDANT. 5. NEVER ALLOW ANYONE WHO IS UNAUTHORIZED TO APPROACH OR ENTER A PERMIT SPACE WHILE

ENTRY IS UNDERWAY. 6. ALL ENTRANTS SHOULD ALERT THE ATTENDANT AT THE FIRST SIGN OF TROUBLE OR A PROBLEM, AND

EXIT THE PERMIT SPACE AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. 7. HAVE THE PHONE NUMBER, OR A MEANS, TO CONTACT RESCUE AND OTHER EMERGENCY SERVICES

READILY AVAILABLE IN THE EVENT THAT AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS NEED ASSISTANCE TO ESCAPE FROM THE PERMIT SPACE.

8. ALL CANCELED ENTRY PERMITS MUST BE RETAINED FOR AT LEAST 1 YEAR TO FACILITATE THE REVIEW

OF THE PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM

THE KEY TO ANY EFFECTIVE SAFETY PROGRAM IS:

ACCIDENTS DO HAPPEN; THEY CAN HAPPEN TO YOU.

DON'T UNDERESTIMATE THE DANGERS OF CONFINED SPACE ENTRY!

THINK SAFETY !

CONCLUSION

When working in or around confined spaces, safe work practices must be followed. In order to assure employee safety, OSHA's standard 1910.146 has set forth specific guidelines that must be accomplished prior to entry. Training is required to provide affected employees with the knowledge and skills necessary to protect not only their health and safety, but the health and safety of their co-workers as well.

( 21 )

SUBJECT: DEFINITIONS




OBJECTIVES: To give students a understanding of basic terminology used with Permit-Required Confined Spaces.

LESSON OUTLINE: 1:20 pm I. Review common definitions associated with Permit Spaces 1:50 pm

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 22 )

DEFINITIONS

ACCEPTABLE ENTRY CONDITIONS: The conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow entry and to ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the space.

ATTENDANT:

An individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the authorized entrants, and who performs all attendant's duties assigned in the employer's permit Space program.

AUTHORIZED ENTRANT:

An employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a permit space. BLANKING OR BLINDING:

Means the absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by the fastening of a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely covers the bore and that is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line, or duct with no leakage beyond the plate.

DOUBLE BLOCK AND BLEED:

Means the closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves.

EMERGENCY:

Any occurrence (including any failure of hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event internal or external to the permit space that could endanger entrants.

ENGULFMENT:

Means the surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowing) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing.

ENTRY:

The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

ENTRY PERMIT:

The written or printed document that is provided by the employer to allow and control entry into a permit space and that contains the information specified in paragraph (f) of the standard.

( 22 )

SUBJECT: DEFINITIONS CONTINUE



NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 23 )

ENTRY SUPERVISOR: The person (such as the employer, foreman, or crew chief) responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this section.

HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE: An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self- rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space), injury, or acute illness from one of the following: (1) Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10% of its lower flammable limit (LFL); (2) Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL; (3) Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%; (4) Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a dose or a PEL is published; (5) Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health.

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS:

A hazardous materials used in the workplace, regulated under OSHA "Right-To-Know" regulations in 29 CFR 1910.1200.

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL:

Means a substance or material which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce.

HOT WORK PERMIT:

The employer's written authorization to perform operations (for example riveting, welding, cutting, burning, and heating) capable of providing a source of ignition.

INERTING:

The displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible.

IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH):

Condition that poses immediate or delayed threat to life or cause irreversible adverse health effects or interfere with individual’s ability to escape unaided from permit space.

ISOLATION:

The process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space by such means as: blanking or blinding; misalignment or removing sections of lines, pipes, or ducts; a double block and bleed system; lockout or tagout of all sources of energy; or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages.

LINE BREAKING:

The intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure, or temperature capable of causing injury.

DEFINITIONS

( 23 )

SUBJECT: DEFINITIONS CONTINUE



NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 24 )

PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE PROGRAM: The employer's overall program for controlling, and, where appropriate, for protecting employees from permit space hazards and for regulating employee entry into permit spaces.

PERMIT SYSTEM:

The employer's written procedures for preparing and issuing permits for entry and for returning the permit space to service following termination of entry.

PROHIBITED CONDITIONS:

Any condition in a permit space that is not allowed by the permit during the period when entry is authorized.

RESCUE SERVICES:

The personnel designated to rescue employees from permit spaces. RETRIEVAL SYSTEM:

The equipment used for non-entry rescue of persons from permit spaces. TESTING:

The process by which the hazards that may confront entrants of a permit space are identified and evaluated. Testing includes specifying the test that are to be performed in the permit space.

DEFINITIONS

( 24 )

SUBJECT: APPENDIX & COMPANY SPECIFIC PROGRAM REVIEW


TRAINING AID: PowerPoint Program, Company Permits, Old Permits (for review)


OBJECTIVES: To ensure students will have an understanding of what permits and checklists are, and how to use them. Also to review permits from the past year for program evaluation.

LESSON OUTLINE: 1:50 pm I. Show students how to use the flow chart to aid in determining if a space is a Permit-Required Confined Space. 2:00 pm II. Discuss with students how to use the Pre-Entry Check List. III. Review the example Permit-Required Confined Space Permit with the students. IV. Review any canceled Permits from the past year.

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 25 )

Appendix A:

§1910.146-Permit-Required Confined Space Decision Flow Chart:

( 25 )

SUBJECT: APPENDIX & COMPANY SPECIFIC PROGRAM REVIEW CONTINUE


LESSON OUTLINE: I. Show students how to use the flow chart to aid in determining if a space is a Permit-Required Confined Space. 2:00 pm

II. Discuss with students how to use the Pre-Entry Check List. 2:10 pm III. Review the example Permit-Required Confined Space Permit with the students. IV. Review any canceled Permits from the past year.

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 26 )

Appendix B:

§1910.146-Permit-Required Confined Space Pre-Entry Check List:

( 26 )



LESSON OUTLINE: I. Show students how to use the flow chart to aid in determining if a space is a Permit-Required Confined Space. II. Discuss with students how to use the Pre-Entry Check List. 2:10 pm

III. Review the example Permit-Required Confined Space Permit with the students. 2:20 pm IV. Review any canceled Permits from the past year.

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 27 )

Appendix C - 1:

§1910.146-Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Permit:

( 27 )



LESSON OUTLINE: I. Show students how to use the flow chart to aid in determining if a space is a Permit-Required Confined Space. II. Discuss with students how to use the Pre-Entry Check List. 2:20 pm

III. Review the example Permit-Required Confined Space Permit with the students. IV. Review any canceled Permits from the past year. 2:30 pm

Break 10 minutes 2:40 pm

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

( LP 28 )

Appendix C - 2:

§1910.146-Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Permit Cont.:

( 28 )

SUBJECT: COURSE REVIEW & FINAL TEST


TRAINING AID: PowerPoint Program, References Used In Course, Instructor Test Key

STUDENT MATERIAL: Student Test

OBJECTIVES: To ensure students understanding of material presented & to provide for a question & answer session.

LESSON OUTLINE: 2:40 pm I. Hand out course test and give the students their instructions II. Review test and hand out course critique 3:00 pm III. Conduct Hands On Training with company specific equipment available to the employee 4:00 pm

IV. Review any canceled company specific permits that were issued in the past year. 5:00 pm

NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:

-1 = 95% -2 = 90% -3 = 85% -4 = 80% -5 = 75%

( LP iii )

PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE SAFETY

AUTHORIZED ENTRANT/ATTENDANT PROGRAM [29 CFR 1910.146]

© 2020 New Environment, Inc. All rights reserved.

STUDENT NAME: INSTRUCTOR'S KEY DATE ADMINISTERED: ADMINISTERED BY: STUDENT SCORE:

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

This is an open book time restricted test.

You have twenty minutes to complete twenty questions.

Accomplish as much as possible from memory, then

go back to research any remaining questions.

Carefully read the instructions given at the

beginning of each section, if any.

Read each question twice.

Do your own work.

WAIT TO BEGIN, UNTIL INSTRUCTED.

SECTION A - MULTIPLE CHOICE Circle the letter preceding the Most Correct response.

1. The OSHA standard that covers Permit-Required Confined Spaces is:

A. 29CFR 1910.120

B. 40CFR 262.32

C. 29CFR 1910.146

D. 29CFR 1910.1200

2. Training is required by the standard to provide employees with:

A. Knowledge

B. Understanding

C. Skills

D. All of the above

3. Oxygen deficiency caused by the introduction of a gas is known as: A. Carbon Monoxide B. Displacement C. Consumption D. All of the above

4. The range of concentration between the LEL and UEL is called:

A. Lower Explosive Limit

B. Flammable Range

C. Flash Point

D. Ignition Temperature

5. This is the primary hazard associated with confined spaces: A. Fire/Explosion B. Oxygen Deficiency C. Bad lighting D. None of the above

6. An attendant shall remain outside the permit space until:

A. 5 minutes before Jerry Springer comes on

B. 30 minutes prior to the time to go home

C. Relieved by another qualified attendant

D. None of the above

7. The key to an effective safety program is:

A. Pre-Planning

B. Early Warning Devices

C. Protective Clothing

D. Attitude

8. Who is responsible for ensuring that appropriate rescue services are available prior to confined space entry?

A. Entry Supervisor

B. Company Attorney

C. The Entrant’s mom

D. None of the above

( 1 )

9. An air purifying respirator should never be used in:

A. Environments with less than 19.5% oxygen

B. Atmospheres that are IDLH

C. Atmospheres that highly toxic at low concentrations

D. All of the above

10. Atmospheric testing in permit-required confined spaces should be done:

A. Once a day

B. Continuously

C. Only at the top

D. All of the above

SECTION B - TRUE OR FALSE

Indicate if the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

11. Three classifications for training are authorized entrants, attendant and

entry supervisor. T F

12. Natural ventilation will ensure a safe atmosphere in a confined space. T F

13. OSHA standard 1910.146 requires the employee to provide their own personal

protective equipment. T F

14. An oxygen deficient atmosphere is considered to be below 19.5%. T F

15. It is important to maintain an accurate count of entrants into a confined space. T F

16. Examples of confined spaces include silos, tanks, and pipelines. T F

SECTION C - DIRECT RESPONSE

17. An ENTRY SUPERVISOR must authorize entry, prepare and sign permits,

and cancel permits when work is complete.

18. The most often selected respirator for use inside a permit-required confined space

is an ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING RESPIRATOR (SCBA OR SAR)

19. In order to ISOLATE a Permit-Required Confined Space before entry, as

stated in 29 CFR 1910.146(f)(8), hazardous energy will need to be locked and tagged

out.

20. Briefly describe the purpose of this safety training course, as you see it:

HAVE YOU ANSWERED EVERY QUESTION?

RETURN COMPLETED TEST TO YOUR TEST ADMINISTRATOR.

( 2 )

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