Automatic Summarization
By Team [TL;DR]
Contributors - Jeremy Brown, Bryan Winters, Austin Ray
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Table of Contents
Problem Statement & Solution 3
Automatic Summarization 3
The Plan 3
Responsibility 3
Preprocessors 4 For TextRank and SumBasic 4 For SMMRY 4
SMMRY 4 Pseudocode 4 Implementation 6
SumBasic 7 Pseudocode 7 Explanation of Pseudocode 7 Implementation 7
TextRank 8 The Original Idea 8 Formal Statement of the Similarity Equation 8 Implementation 8 Time Complexity for the Similarity Equation 9
Results 9 The Texts to Summarize 9 Speed & Efficiency 9 Readability 11 Conclusion 13
Future Work 13 TextRank 13 SMMRY 13 SumBasic 14
Questions and Answers 14
Summaries 14 SumBasic 14 TextRank 22 SMMRY 28
Works Cited 36
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Problem Statement & Solution Many users can become easily overloaded by the amount of content found online. It is also possible
that they may not have enough time throughout their day to take all the material in. Either, or both, cause
users’ to settle for less when they should be getting the best benefit they can. This is where our project comes
into play. The amount of media that a user comes into contact with every day is a lot. One way to make this
more manageable for users is to reduce. If users’ could be granted the ability to summarize text, they can get
the same information from web articles, posts, etc. without having to read the whole thing.
Automatic Summarization The definition of automatic summarization is an obvious one. The process takes in text, grades
sentences using an algorithm, and then produces an output that retains the original text’s main points while
maintaining fluid readability. The grading algorithm finds subset blocks of data that represent the information
of the original text. There are two approaches to automatic summarization, extraction and abstraction. The
path our team has focused on is extraction, which selects a subset of words, phrases, or sentences from the
original text and utilizes those data points to craft a summary.
The Plan Our team created three algorithms that summarize n-length bodies of text, where n is the number of
sentences in the original text. The algorithms have the ability to summarize text from any language, although
each one requires a preprocessor that splits the original text into a set of sentences. Preprocessors must deal
with language specific characters, such as hiragana script. To evaluate the algorithms, we ran each on five
separate texts while collecting data to track the speed and efficiency of the running program. We then graded
the summaries based on readability.
Responsibility Jeremy
TextRank implementation, Creating the preprocessor for TextRank and SumBasic, Grading Bryan’s summaries
Austin
SumBasic implementation, Running algorithms and collecting data, Grading Jeremy’s summaries
Bryan
SMMRY implementation, Creating the preprocessor for SMMRY, Grading Austin’s summaries
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Preprocessors
For TextRank and SumBasic The preprocessor for TextRank and SumBasic is implemented using the Java programming language. It
first takes in a text file, which is then broken up line by line using the BreakIterator class that Java provides.
One huge hurdle that we had to overcome was determining exactly what defines a line break. To accomplish
this, we first iterated through each line and dealt with any instance where something in the text would cause
the BreakIterator to fail. Once these instances are dealt with, the BreakIterator class is free to run through the
original text and split it into an array of sentences.
For SMMRY SMMRY’s preprocessor was implemented using the Python programming language and the ‘re’ library.
It takes a text file and separates it, by line, into individual sentences. It detects the end of sentences marked
with a period. The preprocessor makes exceptions for prefixes such as ‘Mr. , Mrs. , Ms. , Dr. , etc.’ and
continues to the next period to mark the end of a sentence. Allowing for these exceptions was a difficult part.
To accomplish this, we wrote a regular expression. It splits the text using re.split() followed by the regular
expression. After the preprocessor separates the original text into individual sentences, the output is ready for
summarization.
SMMRY The SMMRY algorithm was developed in 2009 to summarize articles and text. SMMRY works by taking
sentences from a given document and ranking them by importance. A sentence’s importance is determined by
the popularity of the words that it contains. Sentences are ranked by selecting keywords that focus on a topic
reorganizes the sentences. The algorithm also removes transition sentences, unnecessary clauses, and
excessive examples in order to keep the summary focused on the topic.
Pseudocode SMMRY’s core algorithm is broken down into 7 steps: First the algorithm associates words with their
grammatical counterparts. It then calculates the occurrence of each word; followed by assigning each word
points based on their occurrence rate. Each word starts with a popularity of 0 and each time the algorithm finds
an occurrence of the word, one point is added. The algorithm then detects periods that indicate the end of
sentences. It will omit periods for “Mr. , Mrs., etc.” The original text is split into individual sentences. These
sentences are ranked by the word points determined in the previous steps. Finally the algorithm will output a
specific number of sentences from highest rank to lowest. The specific number of output sentences is
determined by the user. The time complexity of SMMRY is dependent on the implementation; however, it will
follow the time of O(n^2). The space complexity of SMMRY follows O(log(n). The time complexity is determined
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by the fact that the algorithm implements a form of Quicksort for an array of unranked sentences. As each
sentence is ranked, if it has the highest word score at the time, it is sent to the top of the proverbial stack.
Users can go to SMMRY’s website and input any text into the text field. In theory, length is not a
constraint. Alternatively, users can upload files or even paste URLs. The site also allows for the user to have
specific constraints. These include omitting questions, exclamations, and quotes from the final summary as well
as including a heat map that color codes sentence importance and specifying the topic, which highlights the
keywords in the summary.
*In the last stage, X is an integer given by the user
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Implementation
For this implementation of SMMRY, the step where associated words are stored was ignored. This was
determined to be an unnecessary step and by eliminating it, the algorithm would run faster. The flow chart
above shows SMMRY’s original step by step process while the chart below shows our implementation. When a
document is put into the algorithm, it is run through the preprocessor mentioned above and is separated into
individual sentences. The NLTK library tokenizes words to determine the frequency of each word. Words are
assigned a token, or point, for each instance in the text. The algorithm then gets the sum of all tokens per
sentence and reorders them from highest token count to lowest. It then prints ‘X’ number of sentences into an
output file; where ‘X’ is determined by the user. As mentioned in the pseudocode section, because the
sentence ranking process is done through a quicksort, the time complexity of this implementation is O(n^2).
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SumBasic SumBasic is a generic multi-document automatic summarization algorithm developed in 2005 by
Nenkova and Vanderwende. It was designed with the observation that frequently occurring words have a
higher probability of occurring in a summary than words that appear less frequently. It generates n length
summaries, where n is user specified number of sentences. The algorithm itself is language agnostic, but
requires a preprocessor to provide a set of sentences based on a language’s grammatical syntax and structure.
The algorithm has a time complexity of SumBasic is dependent on the implementation; however, it will follow
the time of O(step 1 complexity + n*(step 2, 3, and 4 complexity)).
Pseudocode 1. Compute the probability distribution over the words wi appearing in the input, p(wi), for every i, where
i is the index of a word
a. p(wi)= where n is the number of times the word appeared in the input, and N is the totalnN
number of content word tokens in the input.
2. For each sentence Sj in the input, assign a weight equal to the average probability of the words in the
sentence.
a. Weight(Sj) = ∑
w∈Si j
p(w )iw |w∈S|
|{ i i j}||
3. Pick the highest weighted sentence that contains the highest probability words
4. For each word wi in the sentence chosen, update probability
a. Pnew(wi)=pold(wi) * pold(wi) 5. If desired length is not met, go back to step 2.
Explanation of Pseudocode Steps 2 and 3 exhibit the desired properties of the summarizer with step 3 ensuring the highest
probability word is included in the summary every time a sentence is picked.
Step 4 has three purposes:
1. It provides context to the summarizer by changing the notion of “what is most important to include in
the summary?” depending on what has already been included in the summary.
2. Updating probabilities allows initially low probability words to have an impact on choice of subsequent
sentences.
3. Update word probability to deal with redundancy if multiple documents were in the input. This allows
the summarizer to “learn” as it processes multiple documents.
Implementation For the implementation of the SumBasic algorithm, it was decided that a naïve approach would provide
a worst case scenario for the algorithm’s performance. As such, each of the pseudocode’s steps are
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programmed to be inherently bad. As a result, the time complexity of the implementation is O(2*n +
n*(n3+n*log(n)+n2). A breakdown for the time complexity is as follows: 2*n for step 1, n*( ) for step 5, n3 for
step 2, n * log(n) for step 3, and n2 for step 4. The sorting algorithm used in step 3 was Java’s built-in
Collections.sort() method, which has a complexity of n*log(n).
TextRank
The Original Idea Rada Mihalcea and Paul Tarau proposed the idea behind TextRank to the department of computer
science at the University of North Texas. The idea is a graph based ranking algorithm, which decides on the
importance of a vertex within a graph. It uses global information recursively computed from the entire graph,
rather than relying only on local vertex-specific information. When one vertex links to another in the graph it is
basically casting a vote for that other vertex. The higher the number of votes, the higher the importance. The
vertex that casts the vote is also taken into consideration. The score associated with a vertex is determined
based on the votes that are cast for it, and the score of the vertices casting these votes.
Formal Statement of the Similarity Equation
Given two sentences and , where each sentence is represented by the set of words that appearSi Sj N i
in the sentence. . The similarity equation is as follows:, , ..,Si = wi1 wi2 . win
imilarity(S , ) |{w | w εS&w εS }| / log(|S |) og|S |S i Sj = k k i k j i + l j
Implementation This original concept can be applied to automatic summarization first by constructing a graph that
represents the text. This is done through our preprocessor. Co-occurrence is not important here because it is
highly unlikely that a sentence will be repeated more than once. The relationship that is considered for
sentence extraction is the similarity between two sentences. Similarity can be determined by using a number
of words as common tokens. The length of the sentences is also taken into consideration by using a
normalization factor. To normalize, the content overlap of two sentences is divided by the length of each
sentence. After the ranking algorithm is ran on the graph, sentences are selected based on their score and
sorted in the order they appeared in the original text.
Here is a short example of the process. If we have three sentences, sentence one and two are
compared. The similarity is saved for sentence one. Sentence two and three are compared. The similarity is
saved for sentence two. Dealing with the last sentence is a little bit different. Sentence three and two are
compared and the similarity is saved for sentence three.
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Time Complexity for the Similarity Equation There are a two steps to the similarity equation. Given two sentences (denoted i and j), the first
operation must prepare the sentences to be compared. This involves removing any punctuation that would
cause two strings to differ. The time complexity for this step is O(10 + 10 ) where n is the number of wordsni nj
in a sentence. The second step compares the words in the sentences. The time complexity for this step is O( ni* ). Therefore, the overall time complexity for the similarity equation is O(10 + 10 + * ).nj ni nj ni nj
Results
The Texts to Summarize Our team selected five texts to summarize. We ran each through the algorithms two separate times
with varying summary lengths. This provided us with 10 summaries per algorithm, a total of thirty. The original
texts we decided on summarizing were Cinderella by the Grimm Brothers (156 sentences), Abraham Lincoln’s
Gettysburg Address (10 sentences), Eisenhower’s Farewell Address (84 sentences), General MacArthur’s ‘Duty,
Honor, Country’ (84 sentences), and Yellow Submarine by The Beatles (36 sentences).
*You can find all of the summaries at the end of this paper.
Speed & Efficiency Speed was determined by the time it took for the algorithm to complete its process and output to a text file.
This was computed by clocking the start and end time via a language’s standard library.
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Results:
● SMMRY was always the slowest, probably due to the use of NLTK in the implementation
● SumBasic was the fastest, probably due to the simplicity of the pseudocode
Efficiency was determined by measuring the RAM and CPU usage during an algorithm’s runtime. Data was
gathered using the ps UNIX command and wrote to a data file for analysis.
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Results:
● On average, TextRank had the lowest CPU usage
● SMMRY had high CPU usage due to dependence on NLTK
● SumBasic had random CPU spikes, but since this is average CPU usage over time, the results could be
misleading due to fast execution times
Results:
● SumBasic performed the worst due to implementation of worst case
● SMMRY had pretty consistent memory usage
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*All speed and efficiency metrics were gathered on a testbench running Linux with a 3.5GHz 8 core processor
and 16GB of 1600MHz RAM. Any necessary data files were loaded from storage into a RAM drive prior to
runtime.
Readability Readability was us implementing a manual checklist, where we read through each summary and graded them
based on our rubric.
Grading Rubric:
4 3 2 1
Purpose Statement Clear
Purpose statement is clearly defined within the summary.
The purpose statement is there but is not fully defined.
The purpose statement can be found it bits and pieces.
No Purpose Statement
Starts Well Clearly starts the summary off in the direction the original author intended.
Less clear, but the preceding sentences help get the summary started.
The start of the paragraph is in the summary somewhere.
The start is at the end, or the summary did not include something to start the text off.
Ends Well Clearly ends the summary in the direction the original author intended.
Less clear, but the preceding sentences help get the summary ended.
The end of the paragraph is in the summary somewhere.
The end is at the start, or the summary just trailed off without a conclusion.
Sentence Order
Sentences are in a correct order such that reading is fluid and understandable
Majority of sentences are in order such that the reader has little trouble understanding
Majority of sentences are out of order, but the reader can understand the summary with difficulty
Every sentence is out of order presenting an unintelligible summary
Main Points Clear
Reader can determine all the main points of the original document from summary
Reader can determine the majority of main points of the original document from the summary
Reader cannot determine the majority of main points of the original document from the summary
Reader cannot determine any of the main points of the original document form the summary
Tone Tone is the same as the original document
Tone is changed slightly (i.e. positive to mostly positive)
Tone is changed vastly (i.e. positive tone to mostly
Tone is opposite of original document (i.e. positive to
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negative tone) negative)
Results:
● TextRank scored the highest on average
● SumBasic had the least deviation in readability scores
● SMMRY performed better in some summaries; however, it performed the worst with other summaries
Conclusion SMMRY uses the least memory on average and produces summaries with good readability
scores, but it occasionally produces summaries with low readability scores, is the slowest on average, and uses the most CPU on average. TextRank produced the highest average readability scores, used only slightly more memory than SMMRY, and had consistent CPU usage compared to SMMRY and SumBasic. However, speed was not as fast as SumBasic, but significantly faster than SMMRY. SumBasic was consistently the fastest algorithm, but had the highest memory usage and produces average readability scores. Furthermore, CPU usage was inconsistent for SumBasic. SMMRY
● Pros: Lowest memory usage, can produce good summaries
● Cons: Slowest, highest CPU usage on average, can produce bad summaries
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TextRank
● Pros: Highest average readability scores, consistent CPU usage,
● Cons: Slower than SumBasic, requires more memory than SMMRY
SumBasic
● Pros: Consistently the fastest, consistent readability scores
● Cons: Highest memory usage, inconsistent CPU usage, average readability scores
Future Work
TextRank ● Look into implementing a regular expression for the preprocessor
● Figure out ways to decrease RAM usage
● Have every sentence cast a vote for every other sentence
● Deal with sentence co-occurrence
SMMRY ● Prevent conjunction words from being tokenized
● Do not allow for summaries being longer than original text
● Reduce NLTK library size
● Handle other UNICODE encoding other than ASCII
SumBasic ● Better dictionary lookups
● Associate grammar counterparts and contractions (e.g. city and cities, it’s and it is)
● Reduce implementation time complexity
Questions and Answers 1. In the TextRank Similarity Equation, what is the purpose of normalizing?
a. To avoid the promotion of long sentences
2. What is the purpose of a preprocessor?
a. It is needed to separate sentences into an array for the algorithms to compare and rank them.
3. What defines a good summary?
a. A good summary has a clear purpose statement, starts/ends well, maintains sentence order,
clearly states main point, and keeps the tone consistent with the original text.
4. What type of approach do our three algorithms utilize?
a. Extraction. The process of extraction is done by selecting a subset of existing words, phrases, or
sentences to form a summary.
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5. What is the purpose of squaring the probability of each word in a chosen sentence in the SumBasic
algorithm?
a. To provide context sensitivity. i.e. change the notion of “what is most important to include”
based on already summarized information
Summaries
SumBasic Cinderella - 25 sentences
When they came to the kitchen, Cinderella was lying there in the ashes as usual, for she had jumped
down from the other side of the tree, had taken the beautiful dress back to the bird in the hazel tree,
and had put on her gray smock. The girl went through the back door into the garden, and called out,
"You tame pigeons, you turtledoves, and all you birds beneath the sky, come and help me to gather:
The good ones go into the pot, The bad ones go into your crop." The next morning, he went with it to
the man, and said to him, "No one shall be my wife except for the one whose foot fits this golden
shoe." He turned his horse around and took the false bride home again, saying that she was not the
right one, and that the other sister should try on the shoe. Then her mother gave her a knife, and said,
"Cut a piece off your heel. The pigeons nodded their heads and began to pick, pick, pick, pick.
The prince danced only with her, and whenever anyone else asked her to dance, he would say, "She is
my dance partner." When they passed the hazel tree, the two pigeons were sitting in it, and they cried
out: Rook di goo, rook di goo! On the third day, when her parents and sisters had gone away,
Cinderella went again to her mother's grave and said to the tree: Shake and quiver, little tree, Throw
gold and silver down to me. He had them bring him an ax and a pick so that he could break the pigeon
coop apart, but no one was inside. Cinderella began to cry, and then the stepmother said, "You may go
if you are able to pick two bowls of lentils out of the ashes for me in one hour," thinking to herself, "She
will never be able to do that." He looked down at her foot and saw how the blood was running out of
her shoe, and how it had stained her white stocking all red. However, because Cinderella kept asking,
the stepmother finally said, "I have scattered a bowl of lentils into the ashes for you. When she arrived
at the festival in this dress, everyone was so astonished that they did not know what to say. He waited
until her father came, then said to him, "The unknown girl has eluded me, and I believe she has climbed
up the pear tree. When evening came Cinderella wanted to leave, and the prince tried to escort her,
but she ran away from him so quickly that he could not follow her. They took her beautiful clothes away
from her, dressed her in an old gray smock, and gave her wooden shoes. When the bridal couple
walked into the church, the older sister walked on their right side and the younger on their left side,
and the pigeons pecked out one eye from each of them. A rich man's wife became sick, and when she
felt that her end was drawing near, she called her only daughter to her bedside and said, "Dear child,
remain pious and good, and then our dear God will always protect you, and I will look down on you
from heaven and be near you." The prince told him to send her to him, but the mother answered, "Oh,
no, she is much too dirty. This time the bird threw down to her a dress that was more splendid and
magnificent than any she had yet had, and the slippers were of pure gold. They never once thought it
was Cinderella, for they thought that she was sitting at home in the dirt, looking for lentils in the ashes.
"Father, break off for me the first twig that brushes against your hat on your way home." Cinderella
went to this tree three times every day, and beneath it she wept and prayed. The girl took the bowl to
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her stepmother, and was happy, thinking that now she would be allowed to go to the festival with
them.
Cinderella - 50 sentences
When they came to the kitchen, Cinderella was lying there in the ashes as usual, for she had jumped
down from the other side of the tree, had taken the beautiful dress back to the bird in the hazel tree,
and had put on her gray smock. The girl went through the back door into the garden, and called out,
"You tame pigeons, you turtledoves, and all you birds beneath the sky, come and help me to gather:
The good ones go into the pot, The bad ones go into your crop." The next morning, he went with it to
the man, and said to him, "No one shall be my wife except for the one whose foot fits this golden
shoe." He turned his horse around and took the false bride home again, saying that she was not the
right one, and that the other sister should try on the shoe. Then her mother gave her a knife, and said,
"Cut a piece off your heel. The pigeons nodded their heads and began to pick, pick, pick, pick. The
prince danced only with her, and whenever anyone else asked her to dance, he would say, "She is my
dance partner." When they passed the hazel tree, the two pigeons were sitting in it, and they cried out:
Rook di goo, rook di goo! On the third day, when her parents and sisters had gone away, Cinderella
went again to her mother's grave and said to the tree: Shake and quiver, little tree, Throw gold and
silver down to me. He had them bring him an ax and a pick so that he could break the pigeon coop
apart, but no one was inside. Cinderella began to cry, and then the stepmother said, "You may go if you
are able to pick two bowls of lentils out of the ashes for me in one hour," thinking to herself, "She will
never be able to do that." He looked down at her foot and saw how the blood was running out of her
shoe, and how it had stained her white stocking all red. However, because Cinderella kept asking, the
stepmother finally said, "I have scattered a bowl of lentils into the ashes for you. When she arrived at
the festival in this dress, everyone was so astonished that they did not know what to say. He waited
until her father came, then said to him, "The unknown girl has eluded me, and I believe she has climbed
up the pear tree. When evening came Cinderella wanted to leave, and the prince tried to escort her,
but she ran away from him so quickly that he could not follow her. They took her beautiful clothes away
from her, dressed her in an old gray smock, and gave her wooden shoes. When the bridal couple
walked into the church, the older sister walked on their right side and the younger on their left side,
and the pigeons pecked out one eye from each of them. A rich man's wife became sick, and when she
felt that her end was drawing near, she called her only daughter to her bedside and said, "Dear child,
remain pious and good, and then our dear God will always protect you, and I will look down on you
from heaven and be near you." The prince told him to send her to him, but the mother answered, "Oh,
no, she is much too dirty. This time the bird threw down to her a dress that was more splendid and
magnificent than any she had yet had, and the slippers were of pure gold. They never once thought it
was Cinderella, for they thought that she was sitting at home in the dirt, looking for lentils in the ashes.
"Father, break off for me the first twig that brushes against your hat on your way home."
Cinderella went to this tree three times every day, and beneath it she wept and prayed. The girl took
the bowl to her stepmother, and was happy, thinking that now she would be allowed to go to the
festival with them. The prince had waited until she came, then immediately took her by the hand, and
danced only with her. Before a half hour had passed they were finished, and they all flew out again.
One day it happened that the father was going to the fair, and he asked his two stepdaughters what he
should bring back for them. You are not coming with us, for you have no clothes, and you don't know
how to dance. Two white pigeons came in through the kitchen window, and then the turtledoves, and
finally all the birds beneath the sky came whirring and swarming in, and lit around the ashes.
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When evening came she wanted to leave, and the prince followed her, wanting to see into which house
she went. The girl cut off her toe, forced her foot into the shoe, swallowed the pain, and went out to
the prince. When the two stepsisters heard that they too had been invited, they were in high spirits.
When she stood up the prince looked into her face, and he recognized the beautiful girl who had
danced with him. So he bought beautiful dresses, pearls, and jewels for his two stepdaughters. And the
others also began to pick, pick, pick, pick. He took her on his horse as his bride and rode away with her.
When winter came the snow spread a white cloth over the grave, and when the spring sun had
removed it again, the man took himself another wife. When she ran down the stairs, her left slipper
stuck in the pitch. You have neither clothes nor shoes, and yet you want to dance!" With this she
turned her back on Cinderella, and hurried away with her two proud daughters. She went into her
bedroom, and got her toes into the shoe all right, but her heel was too large. They gathered all the
good grains into the bowls. She could not get her big toe into it, for the shoe was too small for her. The
shoe is too tight, This bride is not right! When you are queen you will no longer have to go on foot."
After they had cried this out, they both flew down and lit on Cinderella's shoulders, one on the right,
the other on the left, and remained sitting there. "There is only a deformed little Cinderella from my
first wife, but she cannot possibly be the bride." However, they had to ride past the grave, and there,
on the hazel tree, sat the two pigeons, crying out: Rook di goo, rook di goo! "Why should that stupid
goose sit in the parlor with us?"
Eisenhower - 10 sentences
To all the peoples of the world, I once more give expression to America's prayerful and continuing
aspiration: We pray that peoples of all faiths, all races, all nations, may have their great human needs
satisfied; that those now denied opportunity shall come to enjoy it to the full; that all who yearn for
freedom may experience its spiritual blessings; that those who have freedom will understand, also, its
heavy responsibilities; that all who are insensitive to the needs of others will learn charity; that the
scourges of poverty, disease and ignorance will be made to disappear from the earth, and that, in the
goodness of time, all peoples will come to live together in a peace guaranteed by the binding force of
mutual respect and love. But each proposal must be weighed in light of a broader consideration; the
need to maintain balance in and among national programs – balance between the private and the
public economy, balance between the cost and hoped for advantages – balance between the clearly
necessary and the comfortably desirable; balance between our essential requirements as a nation and
the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual; balance between the actions of the moment and
the national welfare of the future. As one who has witnessed the horror and the lingering sadness of
war – as one who knows that another war could utterly destroy this civilization which has been so
slowly and painfully built over thousands of years – I wish I could say tonight that a lasting peace is in
sight. This evening I come to you with a message of leave-taking and farewell, and to share a few final
thoughts with you, my countrymen. Understandably proud of this pre-eminence, we yet realize that
America's leadership and prestige depend, not merely upon our unmatched material progress, riches
and military strength, but on how we use our power in the interests of world peace and human
betterment. It is the task of statesmanship to mold, to balance, and to integrate these and other
forces, new and old, within the principles of our democratic system – ever aiming toward the supreme
goals of our free society. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic, great or small, there is a
recurring temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could become the miraculous
solution to all current difficulties. The total influence – economic, political, even spiritual – is felt in
every city, every Statehouse, every office of the Federal government. In this final relationship, the
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Congress and the Administration have, on most vital issues, cooperated well, to serve the nation well
rather than mere partisanship, and so have assured that the business of the nation should go forward.
A huge increase in the newer elements of our defenses; development of unrealistic programs to cure
every ill in agriculture; a dramatic expansion in basic and applied research – these and many other
possibilities, each possibly promising in itself, may be suggested as the only way to the road we wish to
travel.
Eisenhower - 25 sentences
To all the peoples of the world, I once more give expression to America's prayerful and continuing
aspiration: We pray that peoples of all faiths, all races, all nations, may have their great human needs
satisfied; that those now denied opportunity shall come to enjoy it to the full; that all who yearn for
freedom may experience its spiritual blessings; that those who have freedom will understand, also, its
heavy responsibilities; that all who are insensitive to the needs of others will learn charity; that the
scourges of poverty, disease and ignorance will be made to disappear from the earth, and that, in the
goodness of time, all peoples will come to live together in a peace guaranteed by the binding force of
mutual respect and love. But each proposal must be weighed in light of a broader consideration; the
need to maintain balance in and among national programs – balance between the private and the
public economy, balance between the cost and hoped for advantages – balance between the clearly
necessary and the comfortably desirable; balance between our essential requirements as a nation and
the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual; balance between the actions of the moment and
the national welfare of the future. As one who has witnessed the horror and the lingering sadness of
war – as one who knows that another war could utterly destroy this civilization which has been so
slowly and painfully built over thousands of years – I wish I could say tonight that a lasting peace is in
sight. This evening I come to you with a message of leave-taking and farewell, and to share a few final
thoughts with you, my countrymen. Understandably proud of this pre-eminence, we yet realize that
America's leadership and prestige depend, not merely upon our unmatched material progress, riches
and military strength, but on how we use our power in the interests of world peace and human
betterment. It is the task of statesmanship to mold, to balance, and to integrate these and other forces,
new and old, within the principles of our democratic system – ever aiming toward the supreme goals of
our free society. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic, great or small, there is a recurring
temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could become the miraculous solution to all
current difficulties. The total influence – economic, political, even spiritual – is felt in every city, every
Statehouse, every office of the Federal government. In this final relationship, the Congress and the
Administration have, on most vital issues, cooperated well, to serve the nation well rather than mere
partisanship, and so have assured that the business of the nation should go forward. A huge increase in
the newer elements of our defenses; development of unrealistic programs to cure every ill in
agriculture; a dramatic expansion in basic and applied research – these and many other possibilities,
each possibly promising in itself, may be suggested as the only way to the road we wish to travel. My
own relations with Congress, which began on a remote and tenuous basis when, long ago, a member of
the Senate appointed me to West Point, have since ranged to the intimate during the war and
immediate post-war period, and finally to the mutually interdependent during these past eight years.
But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense; we have been compelled
to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. So – in this my last good night to you as
your President – I thank you for the many opportunities you have given me for public service in war and
peace. To meet it successfully, there is called for, not so much the emotional and transitory sacrifices of
18
crisis, but rather those which enable us to carry forward steadily, surely, and without complaint the
burdens of a prolonged and complex struggle – with liberty the stake.
Three days from now, after a half century of service of our country, I shall lay down the responsibilities
of office as, in traditional and solemn ceremony, the authority of the Presidency is vested in my
successor. As a private citizen, I shall never cease to do what little I can to help the world advance along
that road. As we peer into society's future, we – you and I, and our government – must avoid the
impulse to live only for today, plundering for, for our own ease and convenience, the precious
resources of tomorrow. This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms
industry is new in the American experience. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the
fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of
research. I trust that in that service you find some things worthy; as for the rest of it, I know you will
find ways to improve performance in the future. The record of many decades stands as proof that our
people and their Government have, in the main, understood these truths and have responded to them
well in the face of threat and stress. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract
becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. Any failure traceable to arrogance or our lack of
comprehension or readiness to sacrifice would inflict upon us a grievous hurt, both at home and
abroad. Good evening, my fellow Americans: First, I should like to express my gratitude to the radio and
television networks for the opportunity they have given me over the years to bring reports and
messages to our nation. We annually spend on military security more than the net income of all United
States corporations.
Gettysburg - 2 sentences
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion --
that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people,
shall not perish from the earth. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or
any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
Gettysburg - 5 sentences
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion --
that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people,
shall not perish from the earth. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or
any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. The brave men, living and dead, who
struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little
note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. Four score and
seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
MacArthur - 10 sentences
19
We speak in strange terms: of harnessing the cosmic energy; of making winds and tides work for us; of
creating unheard synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standard basics; to purify
sea water for our drink; of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food; of disease
preventatives to expand life into the hundreds of years; of controlling the weather for a more equitable
distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine; of space ships to the moon; of the primary target in
war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of
ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy;
of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all time. They teach you to be proud
and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for actions,
not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge; to learn to
stand up in the storm but to have compassion on those who fall; to master yourself before you seek to
master others; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how
to weep; to reach into the future yet never neglect the past; to be serious yet never to take yourself too
seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of
true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. Let civilian voices argue the merits or demerits of our
processes of government; whether our strength is being sapped by deficit financing, indulged in too
long, by federal paternalism grown too mighty, by power groups grown too arrogant, by politics grown
too corrupt, by crime grown too rampant, by morals grown too low, by taxes grown too high, by
extremists grown too violent; whether our personal liberties are as thorough and complete as they
should be. But when I think of his patience under adversity, of his courage under fire, and of his
modesty in victory, I am filled with an emotion of admiration I cannot put into words. And 20 years
after, on the other side of the globe, again the filth of murky foxholes, the stench of ghostly trenches,
the slime of dripping dugouts; those boiling suns of relentless heat, those torrential rains of devastating
storms; the loneliness and utter desolation of jungle trails; the bitterness of long separation from those
they loved and cherished; the deadly pestilence of tropical disease; the horror of stricken areas of war;
their resolute and determined defense, their swift and sure attack, their indomitable purpose, their
complete and decisive victory -- always victory. That I should be integrated in this way with so noble an
ideal arouses a sense of pride and yet of humility which will be with me always Duty, Honor, Country:
Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will
be. They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail; to regain faith when
there seems to be little cause for faith; to create hope when hope becomes forlorn. Every pedant, every
demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite, every troublemaker, and I am sorry to say, some others of an
entirely different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.
From one end of the world to the other he has drained deep the chalice of courage.
Today marks my final roll call with you, but I want you to know that when I cross the river my last
conscious thoughts will be of The Corps, and The Corps, and The Corps.
MacArthur - 25 Sentences
We speak in strange terms: of harnessing the cosmic energy; of making winds and tides work for us; of
creating unheard synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standard basics; to purify
sea water for our drink; of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food; of disease
preventatives to expand life into the hundreds of years; of controlling the weather for a more equitable
distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine; of space ships to the moon; of the primary target in
war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of
ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy;
20
of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all time. They teach you to be proud
and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for actions,
not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge; to learn to
stand up in the storm but to have compassion on those who fall; to master yourself before you seek to
master others; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how
to weep; to reach into the future yet never neglect the past; to be serious yet never to take yourself too
seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of
true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. Let civilian voices argue the merits or demerits of our
processes of government; whether our strength is being sapped by deficit financing, indulged in too
long, by federal paternalism grown too mighty, by power groups grown too arrogant, by politics grown
too corrupt, by crime grown too rampant, by morals grown too low, by taxes grown too high, by
extremists grown too violent; whether our personal liberties are as thorough and complete as they
should be. But when I think of his patience under adversity, of his courage under fire, and of his
modesty in victory, I am filled with an emotion of admiration I cannot put into words. And 20 years
after, on the other side of the globe, again the filth of murky foxholes, the stench of ghostly trenches,
the slime of dripping dugouts; those boiling suns of relentless heat, those torrential rains of devastating
storms; the loneliness and utter desolation of jungle trails; the bitterness of long separation from those
they loved and cherished; the deadly pestilence of tropical disease; the horror of stricken areas of war;
their resolute and determined defense, their swift and sure attack, their indomitable purpose, their
complete and decisive victory -- always victory. That I should be integrated in this way with so noble an
ideal arouses a sense of pride and yet of humility which will be with me always Duty, Honor, Country:
Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will
be. They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail; to regain faith when
there seems to be little cause for faith; to create hope when hope becomes forlorn. Every pedant, every
demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite, every troublemaker, and I am sorry to say, some others of an
entirely different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.
From one end of the world to the other he has drained deep the chalice of courage. Today marks my
final roll call with you, but I want you to know that when I cross the river my last conscious thoughts
will be of The Corps, and The Corps, and The Corps. Its requirements are for the things that are right,
and its restraints are from the things that are wrong. All other public purposes, all other public projects,
all other public needs, great or small, will find others for their accomplishment. And through all this
welter of change and development, your mission remains fixed, determined, inviolable: it is to win our
wars. I regarded him then as I regard him now -- as one of the world's noblest figures, not only as one
of the finest military characters, but also as one of the most stainless. As I listened to those songs [of
the glee club], in memory's eye I could see those staggering columns of the First World War, bending
under soggy packs, on many a weary march from dripping dusk to drizzling dawn, slogging ankle-deep
through the mire of shell-shocked roads, to form grimly for the attack, blue-lipped, covered with sludge
and mud, chilled by the wind and rain, driving home to their objective, and for many, to the judgment
seat of God. The code which those words perpetuate embraces the highest moral laws and will stand
the test of any ethics or philosophies ever promulgated for the uplift of mankind. On the contrary, the
soldier, above all other people, prays for peace, for he must suffer and bear the deepest wounds and
scars of war. I do not know the dignity of their birth, but I do know the glory of their death. Others will
debate the controversial issues, national and international, which divide men's minds; but serene, calm,
aloof, you stand as the Nation's war-guardian, as its lifeguard from the raging tides of international
conflict, as its gladiator in the arena of battle. They give you a temper of the will, a quality of the
imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental
21
predominance of courage over timidity, of an appetite for adventure over love of ease. He has written
his own history and written it in red on his enemy's breast. He belongs to posterity as the instructor of
future generations in the principles of liberty and freedom. But in the evening of my memory, always I
come back to West Point. It is the story of the American man-at-arms.
Were you to do so, a million ghosts in olive drab, in brown khaki, in blue and gray, would rise from their
white crosses thundering those magic words: Duty, Honor, Country.
Yellow Submarine - 6 sentences
In our yellow (In our yellow) submarine (Submarine, ha, ha). Everyone of us (Everyone of us) has all we
need (Has all we need). As we live a life of ease (A life of ease). Sky of blue (Sky of blue) and sea of
green (Sea of green). Cut the cable, drop the cable! Full speed ahead, Mr.Boatswain, full speed ahead!
Yellow Submarine - 12 sentences
In our yellow (In our yellow) submarine (Submarine, ha, ha). Everyone of us (Everyone of us) has all we
need (Has all we need). As we live a life of ease (A life of ease). Sky of blue (Sky of blue) and sea of
green (Sea of green). Cut the cable, drop the cable! Full speed ahead, Mr.Boatswain, full speed ahead!
Lived a man who sailed to sea. Aye, sir, aye! Captain, captain! We all live in a yellow submarine. And the
band begins to play. And we lived beneath the waves.
22
TextRank
Cinderella - 25 sentences
With this she closed her eyes and died. Then he broke off the twig and took it with him. Cinderella
went to this tree three times every day, and beneath it she wept and prayed. The girl went through the
back door into the garden, and called out, "You tame pigeons, you turtledoves, and all you birds
beneath the sky, come and help me to gather: The good ones go into the pot, The bad ones go into
your crop." The pigeons nodded their heads and began to pick, pick, pick, pick. Cinderella began to cry,
and then the stepmother said, "You may go if you are able to pick two bowls of lentils out of the ashes
for me in one hour," thinking to herself, "She will never be able to do that." The girl went through the
back door into the garden, and called out, "You tame pigeons, you turtledoves, and all you birds
beneath the sky, come and help me to gather: The good ones go into the pot, The bad ones go into
your crop." The pigeons nodded their heads and began to pick, pick, pick, pick. Now that no one else
was at home, Cinderella went to her mother's grave beneath the hazel tree, and cried out: Shake and
quiver, little tree, Throw gold and silver down to me. They thought she must be a foreign princess, for
she looked so beautiful in the golden dress. However, she eluded him and jumped into the pigeon
coop. Cinderella had quickly jumped down from the back of the pigeon coop and had run to the hazel
tree. Then, dressed in her gray smock, she had returned to the ashes in the kitchen. When others
came and asked her to dance with them, he said, "She is my dance partner." When evening came she
wanted to leave, and the prince followed her, wanting to see into which house she went. He had an ax
brought to him and cut down the tree, but no one was in it. When they came to the kitchen, Cinderella
was lying there in the ashes as usual, for she had jumped down from the other side of the tree, had
taken the beautiful dress back to the bird in the hazel tree, and had put on her gray smock. On the
third day, when her parents and sisters had gone away, Cinderella went again to her mother's grave
and said to the tree: Shake and quiver, little tree, Throw gold and silver down to me. The prince
danced only with her, and whenever anyone else asked her to dance, he would say, "She is my dance
partner." With her mother standing by, the older one took the shoe into her bedroom to try it on.
Then he looked at her foot and saw how the blood was running from it. But the prince insisted on it,
and they had to call Cinderella. She first washed her hands and face clean, and then went and bowed
down before the prince, who gave her the golden shoe. When the wedding with the prince was to be
held, the two false sisters came, wanting to gain favor with Cinderella and to share her good fortune.
When the bridal couple walked into the church, the older sister walked on their right side and the
younger on their left side, and the pigeons pecked out one eye from each of them.
Cinderella - 50 sentences
With this she closed her eyes and died. Besides this, the sisters did everything imaginable to hurt her.
They made fun of her, scattered peas and lentils into the ashes for her, so that she had to sit and pick
them out again. In the evening when she had worked herself weary, there was no bed for her. So he
bought beautiful dresses, pearls, and jewels for his two stepdaughters. On his way home, as he was
riding through a green thicket, a hazel twig brushed against him and knocked off his hat. Then he broke
off the twig and took it with him. Arriving home, he gave his stepdaughters the things that they had
asked for, and he gave Cinderella the twig from the hazel bush. Cinderella went to this tree three times
every day, and beneath it she wept and prayed. Now it happened that the king proclaimed a festival
23
that was to last three days. All the beautiful young girls in the land were invited, so that his son could
select a bride for himself. "You, all covered with dust and dirt, and you want to go to the festival?. If
you can pick them out again in two hours, then you may go with us." The girl went through the back
door into the garden, and called out, "You tame pigeons, you turtledoves, and all you birds beneath the
sky, come and help me to gather: The good ones go into the pot, The bad ones go into your crop." The
pigeons nodded their heads and began to pick, pick, pick, pick. The girl took the bowl to her
stepmother, and was happy, thinking that now she would be allowed to go to the festival with them.
Cinderella began to cry, and then the stepmother said, "You may go if you are able to pick two bowls of
lentils out of the ashes for me in one hour," thinking to herself, "She will never be able to do that." The
girl went through the back door into the garden, and called out, "You tame pigeons, you turtledoves,
and all you birds beneath the sky, come and help me to gather: The good ones go into the pot, The
bad ones go into your crop." The pigeons nodded their heads and began to pick, pick, pick, pick. With
this she turned her back on Cinderella, and hurried away with her two proud daughters. Now that no
one else was at home, Cinderella went to her mother's grave beneath the hazel tree, and cried out:
Shake and quiver, little tree, Throw gold and silver down to me. Then the bird threw a gold and silver
dress down to her, and slippers embroidered with silk and silver. They thought she must be a foreign
princess, for she looked so beautiful in the golden dress. Furthermore, he would dance with no one
else. He never let go of her hand, and whenever anyone else came and asked her to dance, he would
say, "She is my dance partner." She danced until evening, and then she wanted to go home. However,
she eluded him and jumped into the pigeon coop. Cinderella had quickly jumped down from the back
of the pigeon coop and had run to the hazel tree. There she had taken off her beautiful clothes and laid
them on the grave, and the bird had taken them away again. Then, dressed in her gray smock, she had
returned to the ashes in the kitchen. The prince had waited until she came, then immediately took her
by the hand, and danced only with her. When others came and asked her to dance with them, he said,
"She is my dance partner." When evening came she wanted to leave, and the prince followed her,
wanting to see into which house she went. He had an ax brought to him and cut down the tree, but no
one was in it. When they came to the kitchen, Cinderella was lying there in the ashes as usual, for she
had jumped down from the other side of the tree, had taken the beautiful dress back to the bird in the
hazel tree, and had put on her gray smock. On the third day, when her parents and sisters had gone
away, Cinderella went again to her mother's grave and said to the tree: Shake and quiver, little tree,
Throw gold and silver down to me. This time the bird threw down to her a dress that was more
splendid and magnificent than any she had yet had, and the slippers were of pure gold. The prince
danced only with her, and whenever anyone else asked her to dance, he would say, "She is my dance
partner." The next morning, he went with it to the man, and said to him, "No one shall be my wife
except for the one whose foot fits this golden shoe." With her mother standing by, the older one took
the shoe into her bedroom to try it on. Then he looked at her foot and saw how the blood was running
from it. He turned his horse around and took the false bride home again, saying that she was not the
right one, and that the other sister should try on the shoe. She went into her bedroom, and got her
toes into the shoe all right, but her heel was too large. "There is only a deformed little Cinderella from
my first wife, but she cannot possibly be the bride." But the prince insisted on it, and they had to call
Cinderella. She first washed her hands and face clean, and then went and bowed down before the
prince, who gave her the golden shoe. She sat down on a stool, pulled her foot out of the heavy
wooden shoe, and put it into the slipper, and it fitted her perfectly. When the wedding with the prince
was to be held, the two false sisters came, wanting to gain favor with Cinderella and to share her good
fortune. When the bridal couple walked into the church, the older sister walked on their right side and
the younger on their left side, and the pigeons pecked out one eye from each of them. Afterwards, as
24
they came out of the church, the older one was on the left side, and the younger one on the right side,
and then the pigeons pecked out the other eye from each of them.
Eisenhower - 10 sentences
Our people expect their President and the Congress to find essential agreement on questions of great
moment, the wise resolution of which will better shape the future of the nation. My own relations with
Congress, which began on a remote and tenuous basis when, long ago, a member of the Senate
appointed me to West Point, have since ranged to the intimate during the war and immediate post-war
period, and finally to the mutually interdependent during these past eight years. Understandably
proud of this pre-eminence, we yet realize that America's leadership and prestige depend, not merely
upon our unmatched material progress, riches and military strength, but on how we use our power in
the interests of world peace and human betterment. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic,
great or small, there is a recurring temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could
become the miraculous solution to all current difficulties. A huge increase in the newer elements of our
defenses; development of unrealistic programs to cure every ill in agriculture; a dramatic expansion in
basic and applied research – these and many other possibilities, each possibly promising in itself, may
be suggested as the only way to the road we wish to travel. Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his
shop, has been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. Yet, in
holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal
and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite.
Because this need is so sharp and apparent I confess that I lay down my official responsibilities in this
field with a definite sense of disappointment. So – in this my last good night to you as your President –
I thank you for the many opportunities you have given me for public service in war and peace. May we
be ever unswerving in devotion to principle, confident but humble with power, diligent in pursuit of the
Nations' great goals.
Eisenhower - 25 sentences
My special thanks go to them for the opportunity of addressing you this evening. Three days from now,
after a half century of service of our country, I shall lay down the responsibilities of office as, in
traditional and solemn ceremony, the authority of the Presidency is vested in my successor. Like every
other citizen, I wish the new President, and all who will labor with him, Godspeed. I pray that the
coming years will be blessed with peace and prosperity for all. Our people expect their President and
the Congress to find essential agreement on questions of great moment, the wise resolution of which
will better shape the future of the nation. My own relations with Congress, which began on a remote
and tenuous basis when, long ago, a member of the Senate appointed me to West Point, have since
ranged to the intimate during the war and immediate post-war period, and finally to the mutually
interdependent during these past eight years. In this final relationship, the Congress and the
Administration have, on most vital issues, cooperated well, to serve the nation well rather than mere
partisanship, and so have assured that the business of the nation should go forward. Despite these
holocausts America is today the strongest, the most influential and most productive nation in the
world. Understandably proud of this pre-eminence, we yet realize that America's leadership and
prestige depend, not merely upon our unmatched material progress, riches and military strength, but
on how we use our power in the interests of world peace and human betterment. Unhappily the
danger it poses promises to be of indefinite duration. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic,
25
great or small, there is a recurring temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could
become the miraculous solution to all current difficulties. A huge increase in the newer elements of our
defenses; development of unrealistic programs to cure every ill in agriculture; a dramatic expansion in
basic and applied research – these and many other possibilities, each possibly promising in itself, may
be suggested as the only way to the road we wish to travel. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all
involved; so is the very structure of our society. Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has
been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. The prospect of
domination of the nation's scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of
money is ever present – and is gravely to be regarded. Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery
in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy
could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite. As we peer into society's future, we –
you and I, and our government – must avoid the impulse to live only for today, plundering for, for our
own ease and convenience, the precious resources of tomorrow. We want democracy to survive for all
generations to come, not to become the insolvent phantom of tomorrow. Down the long lane of the
history yet to be written America knows that this world of ours, ever growing smaller, must avoid
becoming a community of dreadful fear and hate, and be, instead, a proud confederation of mutual
trust and respect. Because this need is so sharp and apparent I confess that I lay down my official
responsibilities in this field with a definite sense of disappointment. As one who has witnessed the
horror and the lingering sadness of war – as one who knows that another war could utterly destroy this
civilization which has been so slowly and painfully built over thousands of years – I wish I could say
tonight that a lasting peace is in sight. So – in this my last good night to you as your President – I thank
you for the many opportunities you have given me for public service in war and peace. I trust that in
that service you find some things worthy; as for the rest of it, I know you will find ways to improve
performance in the future. You and I – my fellow citizens – need to be strong in our faith that all
nations, under God, will reach the goal of peace with justice. May we be ever unswerving in devotion
to principle, confident but humble with power, diligent in pursuit of the Nations' great goals.
Gettysburg - 2 sentences
It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here
have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died
in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the
people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Gettysburg - 5 sentences
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a
great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated
here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather
for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we
take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we
here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have
26
a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not
perish from the earth.
MacArthur - 10 sentences
They make you strong enough to know when you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when
you are afraid. They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in
success; not to substitute words for actions, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and
spur of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the storm but to have compassion on those who
fall; to master yourself before you seek to master others; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is
high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep; to reach into the future yet never neglect the
past; to be serious yet never to take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the
simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. My
estimate of him was formed on the battlefield many, many years ago, and has never changed. He
belongs to history as furnishing one of the greatest examples of successful patriotism. From one end of
the world to the other he has drained deep the chalice of courage. They died unquestioning,
uncomplaining, with faith in their hearts, and on their lips the hope that we would go on to victory.
Always, for them: Duty, Honor, Country; always their blood and sweat and tears, as we sought the way
and the light and the truth. The thrust into outer space of the satellite, spheres, and missiles mark the
beginning of another epoch in the long story of mankind. We are reaching out for a new and boundless
frontier. I listen vainly, but with thirsty ears, for the witching melody of faint bugles blowing reveille, of
far drums beating the long roll.
MacArthur - 25 sentences
That is the animation of this medallion. That I should be integrated in this way with so noble an ideal
arouses a sense of pride and yet of humility which will be with me always Duty, Honor, Country: Those
three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. But
these are some of the things they do: They build your basic character. They make you strong enough to
know when you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid. They teach you to
be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words
for actions, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge;
to learn to stand up in the storm but to have compassion on those who fall; to master yourself before
you seek to master others; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never
forget how to weep; to reach into the future yet never neglect the past; to be serious yet never to take
yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the
open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. They give you a temper of the will, a quality
of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental
predominance of courage over timidity, of an appetite for adventure over love of ease. Are they
reliable? My estimate of him was formed on the battlefield many, many years ago, and has never
changed. He has written his own history and written it in red on his enemy's breast. He belongs to
history as furnishing one of the greatest examples of successful patriotism. He belongs to posterity as
the instructor of future generations in the principles of liberty and freedom. From one end of the world
to the other he has drained deep the chalice of courage. As I listened to those songs [of the glee club],
in memory's eye I could see those staggering columns of the First World War, bending under soggy
packs, on many a weary march from dripping dusk to drizzling dawn, slogging ankle-deep through the
27
mire of shell-shocked roads, to form grimly for the attack, blue-lipped, covered with sludge and mud,
chilled by the wind and rain, driving home to their objective, and for many, to the judgment seat of
God. They died unquestioning, uncomplaining, with faith in their hearts, and on their lips the hope that
we would go on to victory. Always, for them: Duty, Honor, Country; always their blood and sweat and
tears, as we sought the way and the light and the truth. In battle and in the face of danger and death,
he discloses those divine attributes which his Maker gave when he created man in his own image. No
physical courage and no brute instinct can take the place of the Divine help which alone can sustain
him. The thrust into outer space of the satellite, spheres, and missiles mark the beginning of another
epoch in the long story of mankind. We are reaching out for a new and boundless frontier. But you are
the ones who are trained to fight. Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the sure knowledge
that in war there is no substitute for victory; that if you lose, the nation will be destroyed; that the very
obsession of your public service must be: Duty, Honor, Country. Others will debate the controversial
issues, national and international, which divide men's minds; but serene, calm, aloof, you stand as the
Nation's war-guardian, as its lifeguard from the raging tides of international conflict, as its gladiator in
the arena of battle. On the contrary, the soldier, above all other people, prays for peace, for he must
suffer and bear the deepest wounds and scars of war. I listen vainly, but with thirsty ears, for the
witching melody of faint bugles blowing reveille, of far drums beating the long roll. I bid you farewell.
Yellow Submarine - 6 sentences
We all live in a yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine.
We all live in a yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine.
We all live in a yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine.
Yellow Submarine - 12 sentences
In our yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine. Yellow submarine, yellow submarine. We
all live in a yellow submarine. Yellow submarine, yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine.
Yellow submarine, yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine. Yellow submarine, yellow
submarine. As we live a life of ease (A life of ease). Everyone of us (Everyone of us) has all we need
(Has all we need). We all live in a yellow submarine. Yellow submarine, yellow submarine. We all live
in a yellow submarine. Yellow submarine, yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine. Yellow
submarine, yellow submarine. We all live in a yellow submarine. Yellow submarine, yellow submarine.
28
SMMRY Cinderella - 50 Sentences
A rich man's wife became sick, and when she felt that her end was drawing near, she called her only
daughter to her bedside and said, "Dear child, remain pious and good, and then our dear God will
always protect you, and I will look down on you from heaven and be near you." A rich man's wife
became sick, and when she felt that her end was drawing near, she called her only daughter to her
bedside and said, "Dear child, remain pious and good, and then our dear God will always protect you,
and I will look down on you from heaven and be near you." A rich man's wife became sick, and when
she felt that her end was drawing near, she called her only daughter to her bedside and said, "Dear
child, remain pious and good, and then our dear God will always protect you, and I will look down on
you from heaven and be near you." A rich man's wife became sick, and when she felt that her end was
drawing near, she called her only daughter to her bedside and said, "Dear child, remain pious and good,
and then our dear God will always protect you, and I will look down on you from heaven and be near
you." A rich man's wife became sick, and when she felt that her end was drawing near, she called her
only daughter to her bedside and said, "Dear child, remain pious and good, and then our dear God will
always protect you, and I will look down on you from heaven and be near you." The girl went out to her
mother's grave every day and wept, and she remained pious and good. When winter came the snow
spread a white cloth over the grave, and when the spring sun had removed it again, the man took
himself another wife. They took her beautiful clothes away from her, dressed her in an old gray smock,
and gave her wooden shoes. They took her beautiful clothes away from her, dressed her in an old gray
smock, and gave her wooden shoes. There she had to do hard work from morning until evening, get up
before daybreak, carry water, make the fires, cook, and wash. There she had to do hard work from
morning until evening, get up before daybreak, carry water, make the fires, cook, and wash. Instead she
had to sleep by the hearth in the ashes. And because she always looked dusty and dirty, they called her
Cinderella. One day it happened that the father was going to the fair, and he asked his two
stepdaughters what he should bring back for them. "Pearls and jewels," said the other. Cinderella
thanked him, went to her mother's grave, and planted the branch on it, and she wept so much that her
tears fell upon it and watered it. A white bird came to the tree every time, and whenever she expressed
a wish, the bird would throw down to her what she had wished for. A white bird came to the tree every
time, and whenever she expressed a wish, the bird would throw down to her what she had wished for.
A white bird came to the tree every time, and whenever she expressed a wish, the bird would throw
down to her what she had wished for. All the beautiful young girls in the land were invited, so that his
son could select a bride for himself. Cinderella obeyed, but wept, because she too would have liked to
go to the dance with them. However, because Cinderella kept asking, the stepmother finally said, "I
have scattered a bowl of lentils into the ashes for you. If you can pick them out again in two hours, then
you may go with us." If you can pick them out again in two hours, then you may go with us." And the
others also began to pick, pick, pick, pick. They gathered all the good grains into the bowl. We would be
ashamed of you." They never once thought it was Cinderella, for they thought that she was sitting at
home in the dirt, looking for lentils in the ashes. He never let go of her hand, and whenever anyone else
came and asked her to dance, he would say, "She is my dance partner." However, she eluded him and
jumped into the pigeon coop. The prince waited until her father came, and then he told him that the
unknown girl had jumped into the pigeon coop. When they got home Cinderella was lying in the ashes,
dressed in her dirty clothes. A dim little oil-lamp was burning in the fireplace. A dim little oil-lamp was
29
burning in the fireplace. Then, dressed in her gray smock, she had returned to the ashes in the kitchen.
When evening came she wanted to leave, and the prince followed her, wanting to see into which house
she went. When evening came she wanted to leave, and the prince followed her, wanting to see into
which house she went. A beautiful tall tree stood there, on which hung the most magnificent pears. She
climbed as nimbly as a squirrel into the branches, and the prince did not know where she had gone. The
prince picked it up. It was small and dainty, and of pure gold. It was small and dainty, and of pure gold.
The next morning, he went with it to the man, and said to him, "No one shall be my wife except for the
one whose foot fits this golden shoe." However, they had to ride past the grave, and there, on the hazel
tree, sat the two pigeons, crying out:
Rook di goo, rook di goo! She went into her bedroom, and got her toes into the shoe all right, but her
heel was too large. "Don't you have another daughter?" The prince told him to send her to him, but the
mother answered, "Oh, no, she is much too dirty. The prince told him to send her to him, but the
mother answered, "Oh, no, she is much too dirty. She first washed her hands and face clean, and then
went and bowed down before the prince, who gave her the golden shoe. She sat down on a stool,
pulled her foot out of the heavy wooden shoe, and put it into the slipper, and it fitted her perfectly.
Cinderella - 25 Sentences
A rich man's wife became sick, and when she felt that her end was drawing near, she called her only
daughter to her bedside and said, "Dear child, remain pious and good, and then our dear God will
always protect you, and I will look down on you from heaven and be near you." A rich man's wife
became sick, and when she felt that her end was drawing near, she called her only daughter to her
bedside and said, "Dear child, remain pious and good, and then our dear God will always protect you,
and I will look down on you from heaven and be near you." The girl went out to her mother's grave
every day and wept, and she remained pious and good. There she had to do hard work from morning
until evening, get up before daybreak, carry water, make the fires, cook, and wash. Instead she had to
sleep by the hearth in the ashes. And because she always looked dusty and dirty, they called her
Cinderella. One day it happened that the father was going to the fair, and he asked his two
stepdaughters what he should bring back for them. "Pearls and jewels," said the other. A white bird
came to the tree every time, and whenever she expressed a wish, the bird would throw down to her
what she had wished for. All the beautiful young girls in the land were invited, so that his son could
select a bride for himself. Cinderella obeyed, but wept, because she too would have liked to go to the
dance with them. However, because Cinderella kept asking, the stepmother finally said, "I have
scattered a bowl of lentils into the ashes for you. We would be ashamed of you." They never once
thought it was Cinderella, for they thought that she was sitting at home in the dirt, looking for lentils in
the ashes. However, she eluded him and jumped into the pigeon coop. When they got home Cinderella
was lying in the ashes, dressed in her dirty clothes. A dim little oil-lamp was burning in the fireplace. A
dim little oil-lamp was burning in the fireplace. Then, dressed in her gray smock, she had returned to
the ashes in the kitchen. When evening came she wanted to leave, and the prince followed her,
wanting to see into which house she went. It was small and dainty, and of pure gold. The next morning,
he went with it to the man, and said to him, "No one shall be my wife except for the one whose foot fits
this golden shoe." The prince told him to send her to him, but the mother answered, "Oh, no, she is
much too dirty. The prince told him to send her to him, but the mother answered, "Oh, no, she is much
30
too dirty. She first washed her hands and face clean, and then went and bowed down before the
prince, who gave her the golden shoe.
Eisenhower - 10 sentences
Good evening, my fellow Americans: First, I should like to express my gratitude to the radio and
television networks for the opportunity they have given me over the years to bring reports and
messages to our nation. My own relations with Congress, which began on a remote and tenuous basis
when, long ago, a member of the Senate appointed me to West Point, have since ranged to the
intimate during the war and immediate post-war period, and finally to the mutually interdependent
during these past eight years. In this final relationship, the Congress and the Administration have, on
most vital issues, cooperated well, to serve the nation well rather than mere partisanship, and so have
assured that the business of the nation should go forward. We now stand ten years past the midpoint
of a century that has witnessed four major wars among great nations. Throughout America's adventure
in free government, such basic purposes have been to keep the peace; to foster progress in human
achievement, and to enhance liberty, dignity and integrity among peoples and among nations. Any
failure traceable to arrogance or our lack of comprehension or readiness to sacrifice would inflict upon
us a grievous hurt, both at home and abroad. But each proposal must be weighed in light of a broader
consideration; the need to maintain balance in and among national programs balance between the
private and the public economy, balance between the cost and hoped for advantages balance between
the clearly necessary and the comfortably desirable; balance between our essential requirements as a
nation and the duties imposed by the nation upon the individual; balance between the actions of the
moment and the national welfare of the future. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is
the very structure of our society. As we peer into society's future, we you and I, and our government
must avoid the impulse to live only for today, plundering for, for our own ease and convenience, the
precious resources of tomorrow. Down the long lane of the history yet to be written America knows
that this world of ours, ever growing smaller, must avoid becoming a community of dreadful fear and
hate, and be, instead, a proud confederation of mutual trust and respect.
Eisenhower - 25 sentences
Good evening, my fellow Americans: First, I should like to express my gratitude to the radio and
television networks for the opportunity they have given me over the years to bring reports and
messages to our nation. Like every other citizen, I wish the new President, and all who will labor with
him, Godspeed. My own relations with Congress, which began on a remote and tenuous basis when,
long ago, a member of the Senate appointed me to West Point, have since ranged to the intimate
during the war and immediate post-war period, and finally to the mutually interdependent during these
past eight years. My own relations with Congress, which began on a remote and tenuous basis when,
long ago, a member of the Senate appointed me to West Point, have since ranged to the intimate
during the war and immediate post-war period, and finally to the mutually interdependent during these
past eight years. My own relations with Congress, which began on a remote and tenuous basis when,
long ago, a member of the Senate appointed me to West Point, have since ranged to the intimate
during the war and immediate post-war period, and finally to the mutually interdependent during these
past eight years. In this final relationship, the Congress and the Administration have, on most vital
issues, cooperated well, to serve the nation well rather than mere partisanship, and so have assured
that the business of the nation should go forward. We now stand ten years past the midpoint of a
31
century that has witnessed four major wars among great nations. Understandably proud of this
pre-eminence, we yet realize that America's leadership and prestige depend, not merely upon our
unmatched material progress, riches and military strength, but on how we use our power in the
interests of world peace and human betterment. Throughout America's adventure in free government,
such basic purposes have been to keep the peace; to foster progress in human achievement, and to
enhance liberty, dignity and integrity among peoples and among nations. Throughout America's
adventure in free government, such basic purposes have been to keep the peace; to foster progress in
human achievement, and to enhance liberty, dignity and integrity among peoples and among nations.
Any failure traceable to arrogance or our lack of comprehension or readiness to sacrifice would inflict
upon us a grievous hurt, both at home and abroad. Any failure traceable to arrogance or our lack of
comprehension or readiness to sacrifice would inflict upon us a grievous hurt, both at home and
abroad. We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose, and
insidious in method. Crises there will continue to be. Crises there will continue to be. But each proposal
must be weighed in light of a broader consideration; the need to maintain balance in and among
national programs balance between the private and the public economy, balance between the cost and
hoped for advantages balance between the clearly necessary and the comfortably desirable; balance
between our essential requirements as a nation and the duties imposed by the nation upon the
individual; balance between the actions of the moment and the national welfare of the future. Our
arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk
his own destruction. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the
defense establishment. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our
society. Our toil, resources and livelihood are all involved; so is the very structure of our society. As we
peer into society's future, we you and I, and our government must avoid the impulse to live only for
today, plundering for, for our own ease and convenience, the precious resources of tomorrow. Down
the long lane of the history yet to be written America knows that this world of ours, ever growing
smaller, must avoid becoming a community of dreadful fear and hate, and be, instead, a proud
confederation of mutual trust and respect. Together we must learn how to compose differences, not
with arms, but with intellect and decent purpose. As one who has witnessed the horror and the
lingering sadness of war as one who knows that another war could utterly destroy this civilization which
has been so slowly and painfully built over thousands of years I wish I could say tonight that a lasting
peace is in sight. So in this my last good night to you as your President I thank you for the many
opportunities you have given me for public service in war and peace.
Gettysburg - 2 sentences
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. The world will little note, nor
long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
Gettysburg - 5 sentences
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Four score and seven years
ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to
the proposition that all men are created equal. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought
forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all
32
men are created equal. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never
forget what they did here. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us
-- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last
full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that
this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the
people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
MacArthur - 10 sentences
General Westmoreland, General Grove, distinguished guests, and gentlemen of the Corps! But this
award is not intended primarily to honor a personality, but to symbolize a great moral code -- the code
of conduct and chivalry of those who guard this beloved land of culture and ancient descent. Every
pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite, every troublemaker, and I am sorry to say,
some others of an entirely different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of
mockery and ridicule. They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and
gentle in success; not to substitute words for actions, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the
stress and spur of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the storm but to have compassion on
those who fall; to master yourself before you seek to master others; to have a heart that is clean, a goal
that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep; to reach into the future yet never neglect
the past; to be serious yet never to take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember
the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. They
give you a temper of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the
deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of an appetite for
adventure over love of ease. And 20 years after, on the other side of the globe, again the filth of murky
foxholes, the stench of ghostly trenches, the slime of dripping dugouts; those boiling suns of relentless
heat, those torrential rains of devastating storms; the loneliness and utter desolation of jungle trails;
the bitterness of long separation from those they loved and cherished; the deadly pestilence of tropical
disease; the horror of stricken areas of war; their resolute and determined defense, their swift and sure
attack, their indomitable purpose, their complete and decisive victory -- always victory. We speak in
strange terms: of harnessing the cosmic energy; of making winds and tides work for us; of creating
unheard synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standard basics; to purify sea water
for our drink; of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food; of disease preventatives to
expand life into the hundreds of years; of controlling the weather for a more equitable distribution of
heat and cold, of rain and shine; of space ships to the moon; of the primary target in war, no longer
limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of ultimate conflict
between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy; of such dreams
and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all time. We speak in strange terms: of harnessing the
cosmic energy; of making winds and tides work for us; of creating unheard synthetic materials to
supplement or even replace our old standard basics; to purify sea water for our drink; of mining ocean
floors for new fields of wealth and food; of disease preventatives to expand life into the hundreds of
years; of controlling the weather for a more equitable distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine; of
space ships to the moon; of the primary target in war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an
enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of ultimate conflict between a united human race
and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy; of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the
most exciting of all time. Others will debate the controversial issues, national and international, which
divide men's minds; but serene, calm, aloof, you stand as the Nation's war-guardian, as its lifeguard
33
from the raging tides of international conflict, as its gladiator in the arena of battle. Let civilian voices
argue the merits or demerits of our processes of government; whether our strength is being sapped by
deficit financing, indulged in too long, by federal paternalism grown too mighty, by power groups
grown too arrogant, by politics grown too corrupt, by crime grown too rampant, by morals grown too
low, by taxes grown too high, by extremists grown too violent; whether our personal liberties are as
thorough and complete as they should be. Were you to do so, a million ghosts in olive drab, in brown
khaki, in blue and gray, would rise from their white crosses thundering those magic words: Duty, Honor,
Country.
MacArthur - 25 sentences
Duty, Honor, Country: Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you
can be, what you will be. Every pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite, every
troublemaker, and I am sorry to say, some others of an entirely different character, will try to
downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule. Every pedant, every demagogue, every
cynic, every hypocrite, every troublemaker, and I am sorry to say, some others of an entirely different
character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule. They teach you to be
proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for
actions, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge; to
learn to stand up in the storm but to have compassion on those who fall; to master yourself before you
seek to master others; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never
forget how to weep; to reach into the future yet never neglect the past; to be serious yet never to take
yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the
open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. They teach you to be proud and unbending
in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for actions, not to seek the
path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the
storm but to have compassion on those who fall; to master yourself before you seek to master others;
to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep; to
reach into the future yet never neglect the past; to be serious yet never to take yourself too seriously;
to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true
wisdom, the meekness of true strength. They give you a temper of the will, a quality of the imagination,
a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of
courage over timidity, of an appetite for adventure over love of ease. And 20 years after, on the other
side of the globe, again the filth of murky foxholes, the stench of ghostly trenches, the slime of dripping
dugouts; those boiling suns of relentless heat, those torrential rains of devastating storms; the
loneliness and utter desolation of jungle trails; the bitterness of long separation from those they loved
and cherished; the deadly pestilence of tropical disease; the horror of stricken areas of war; their
resolute and determined defense, their swift and sure attack, their indomitable purpose, their
complete and decisive victory -- always victory. And 20 years after, on the other side of the globe, again
the filth of murky foxholes, the stench of ghostly trenches, the slime of dripping dugouts; those boiling
suns of relentless heat, those torrential rains of devastating storms; the loneliness and utter desolation
of jungle trails; the bitterness of long separation from those they loved and cherished; the deadly
pestilence of tropical disease; the horror of stricken areas of war; their resolute and determined
defense, their swift and sure attack, their indomitable purpose, their complete and decisive victory --
always victory. The code which those words perpetuate embraces the highest moral laws and will stand
the test of any ethics or philosophies ever promulgated for the uplift of mankind. The soldier, above all
34
other men, is required to practice the greatest act of religious training -- sacrifice. We deal now not
with things of this world alone, but with the illimitable distances and as yet unfathomed mysteries of
the universe. We speak in strange terms: of harnessing the cosmic energy; of making winds and tides
work for us; of creating unheard synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standard
basics; to purify sea water for our drink; of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food; of
disease preventatives to expand life into the hundreds of years; of controlling the weather for a more
equitable distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine; of space ships to the moon; of the primary
target in war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil
populations; of ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other
planetary galaxy; of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all time. We speak in
strange terms: of harnessing the cosmic energy; of making winds and tides work for us; of creating
unheard synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standard basics; to purify sea water
for our drink; of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food; of disease preventatives to
expand life into the hundreds of years; of controlling the weather for a more equitable distribution of
heat and cold, of rain and shine; of space ships to the moon; of the primary target in war, no longer
limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of ultimate conflict
between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy; of such dreams
and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all time. We speak in strange terms: of harnessing the
cosmic energy; of making winds and tides work for us; of creating unheard synthetic materials to
supplement or even replace our old standard basics; to purify sea water for our drink; of mining ocean
floors for new fields of wealth and food; of disease preventatives to expand life into the hundreds of
years; of controlling the weather for a more equitable distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine; of
space ships to the moon; of the primary target in war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an
enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of ultimate conflict between a united human race
and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy; of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the
most exciting of all time. And through all this welter of change and development, your mission remains
fixed, determined, inviolable: it is to win our wars. Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the
sure knowledge that in war there is no substitute for victory; that if you lose, the nation will be
destroyed; that the very obsession of your public service must be: Duty, Honor, Country. Others will
debate the controversial issues, national and international, which divide men's minds; but serene, calm,
aloof, you stand as the Nation's war-guardian, as its lifeguard from the raging tides of international
conflict, as its gladiator in the arena of battle. Others will debate the controversial issues, national and
international, which divide men's minds; but serene, calm, aloof, you stand as the Nation's
war-guardian, as its lifeguard from the raging tides of international conflict, as its gladiator in the arena
of battle. Let civilian voices argue the merits or demerits of our processes of government; whether our
strength is being sapped by deficit financing, indulged in too long, by federal paternalism grown too
mighty, by power groups grown too arrogant, by politics grown too corrupt, by crime grown too
rampant, by morals grown too low, by taxes grown too high, by extremists grown too violent; whether
our personal liberties are as thorough and complete as they should be. From your ranks come the great
captains who hold the nation's destiny in their hands the moment the war tocsin sounds. Were you to
do so, a million ghosts in olive drab, in brown khaki, in blue and gray, would rise from their white
crosses thundering those magic words: Duty, Honor, Country. Were you to do so, a million ghosts in
olive drab, in brown khaki, in blue and gray, would rise from their white crosses thundering those magic
words: Duty, Honor, Country. In my dreams I hear again the crash of guns, the rattle of musketry, the
strange, mournful mutter of the battlefield. Today marks my final roll call with you, but I want you to
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know that when I cross the river my last conscious thoughts will be of The Corps, and The Corps, and
The Corps
Yellow Submarine - 6 sentences
In the town where I was born. In our yellow submarine. And the band begins to play. Full speed ahead,
Mr. Boatswain, full speed ahead! Everyone of us (Everyone of us) has all we need (Has all we need).
Everyone of us (Everyone of us) has all we need (Has all we need). In our yellow submarine.
Yellow Submarine - 12 sentences
In the town where I was born. Lived a man who sailed to sea. In our yellow submarine. And the band
begins to play. Full speed ahead, Mr. Boatswain, full speed ahead! Full speed ahead, Mr. Boatswain, full
speed ahead! Cut the cable, drop the cable! Aye, sir, aye! Aye, sir, aye! Captain, captain! As we live a life
of ease (A life of ease). As we live a life of ease (A life of ease). Everyone of us (Everyone of us) has all
we need (Has all we need). Everyone of us (Everyone of us) has all we need (Has all we need). Everyone
of us (Everyone of us) has all we need (Has all we need). In our yellow (In our yellow) submarine
(Submarine, ha, ha).
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Works Cited
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_summarization
2. http://smmry.com/about
3. https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~nenkova/papers/ipm.pdf
4. http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~mihalcea/papers/mihalcea.emnlp04.pdf
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