AUTOMATIZED RAILWAY GATE CONTROLLER

Presented by…

Project Guide :

The aim of this project is to automatize the railway crossings

in order to avoid accidents due to human negligence.

To control the opening or closing of gate two reference

points are required to be fixed at either side of crossing. RF1

and RF2 are the two reference points at which actuation for

closing and opening of gate respectively are to be initiated.

When the train approaches RF1, the gate is closed and when

train levels RF2, gate is opened and vice-versa.

ABSTRACT

BLOCK DIAGRAM

This project utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers: one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other pair is fixed at down side of the train direction.

When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite direction and gate opens and motor stops.

The reference point settings depend on the following factors:

1. Minimum breaking distance.

2. Speed allowed on that particular track.

3. Road traffic density, so as to clear the traffic before actually the gate is closed.

WORKING

Modulation used: ASK(Amplitude Shift Keying) ASK is a form of amplitude modulation that

represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave.

Also called On-Off keying. Carrier frequency: 434 MHz Baud Rate: 4800 bps

MODULATION TECHNIQUE

COMPONENT LIST

MICROCONTROLLER Microcontroller used-

AT89S8253 – 8051 2.7V to 5.5V Operating

Range 32 Programmable bi-

directional I/O Lines

IR SENSOR AND RECEIVER The transmitter is a simple

IR transmitting LED. The transmitted rays are not visible.

The IR receiver is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing IR intensity. It is also called as “Photo diode”

COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Block and Circuit Diagram of Power Supply

Block Diagram

Circuit Diagram

The advantage of this system is that human error is eliminated from the picture.

The problem of accident risks at unmanned level crossings is solved.

Installation of this system will lead to accurate and precise regulation of railway crossings.

Financial burden on railways is reduced due to reduction of manpower.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WORK

CONCLUSION

Automatic Railway Gate controller can be successfully implemented

using both wired and wireless techniques. This type of designs are

well suited in the field of communications. Based on this design we

can transmit any information in the form of pulses. Since it is a

demonstration part, the range of the transmitter is limited, the

limitation being the power transmitted by the transmitter and

antenna. However the range can be increased by increasing the

power radiating capacity of the transmitter.

REFERENCES B. P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication

Systems, Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1998. VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics &

Communication Engineering. G. K. Mithal and Ravi Mittal, Radio Engineering,

Khanna Publishers, 17th edition, 1992 D. Roy Chowdhury and Shail B. Jain, Linear Integrated

Circuits, New Age International Publishers. M.Morris Mano, Digital Design, Pearson Education,

3rd edition, 2007 and edition, 2003. Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_Modulation. http://www.alldatasheet.com. J. B. Gupta, Theory and Performance of Electrical

Machines, S. K. Kataria & Sons, 14th edition, 2005-06. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com

QUERIES…

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