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AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRYAUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

ANOOP G

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The History Of The AutomobileThe History Of The Automobile

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The first

modern

automobile

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In the 1900s Ford made more steam and electric cars than it did gasoline.

The first hybrid commercial truck was built in 1910, and as the gasoline

engine was refined interest in hybrids died down.

As problems with environment and gas process continue, Hybrids are now ahot commodity in the market place and are now the new wave of future cars.

In the 1920s they started to evolve and install synchromesh transmissions

for easier gear shifting; four-wheel hydraulic brake systems; improved

carburetors; shatterproof glass; balloon tires; heaters; and mechanically

operated windshield wipers

In the 1930s car engines and bodies became large and luxurious.

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Two styles were created during the time of World War II, European and

American.

The European style was compact and small. They liked their cars to be

lightweight and small. Their cars were made of mostly aluminum and the chassisand framework was made of steel.

The American style was the opposite of what the European style. The cars

were big and spacious inside, because Americans liked to be comfortable while

driving. Their cars were made with more power, smooth riding and stability,

power steering, and power brakes.

Between the 1950s and 1960s American manufacturers started making

smaller cars, but their engine size and horsepower increased.

By the 1980s Technology started to grow in America because of new Japanese

innovations and imports.

As the 21st century progressed, cars improve and computer technology began

to be utilized in cars. Cars today are now mostly controlled by computer chips.

The computer chip manages most of the car systems today like ABS, GPS etc.

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INDIA.INDIA.

Ninth largest in the world with an annual production of over 2.3million units in 2008

In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter of

automobiles, behind Japan, South Korea and Thailand.

In February 2009, monthly sales of passenger cars in Indiaexceeded 100,000 units.

India has emerged as one of the world's largest manufacturers of

small cars.

India is the second largest producer and manufacturer of two-wheelers in the world.

Fifth largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles.

Manufactures largest number of tractors in the world.

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Two-Wheelers: Comparative Characteristics

Scooter Motor cycle Moped

Price > 22,000 > 30,000 > 12,000

Stroke 2-stroke, 4-stroke Mainly 4-stroke 2-stroke

Engine Capacity (cc) 90-150 100, 125, > 125 50, 60

Ignition Kick/Electronic Kick/Electronic Kick/Electronic

Engine Power (bhp) 6.5-9 7-8 and above 2-3

Weight (kg) 90-100 > 100 60-70

Fuel Efficiency (kms

per litre)50-75 50-80+ 70-80

Load Carrying High Highest Low

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Company : Bajaj Auto Ltd Company :HERO HONDA

Bajaj Avenger

Bajaj CT 100

Bajaj Platina

Bajaj Discover DTSi

Bajaj Pulsar DTSiBajaj Wave

Bajaj Wind 125

Sonic DTSi

* Hero Honda Achiever

* Hero Honda CD Dawn

* Hero Honda CD Deluxe

* Hero Honda Glamour

* Hero Honda Glamour-Fi

*Hero Honda Karizma* Hero Honda Passion Plus

* Hero Honda Pleasure

* Hero Honda Super Splendor

* Hero Honda Splendor NXG

* Hero Honda CBZ X-Treme

Company :Kinetic MotorC

ompany

Company :TVS

MOTOR

Company :Yamaha

Motor IndiaKinetic AquilaKinetic Boss

Kinetic Challenger

Kinetic Comet

Kinetic GF

Kinetic Stryker

Kinetic Velocity

*TVS Apache

*TVS Centra

*TVS Fiero

*TVS Star

*TVS Victor

*Yamaha CruxS

*Yamaha G5

*Yamaha Gladiator

Key players in the Two-wheeler Industry

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Indian automobileIndian automobilemanufacturersmanufacturers

Ashok Leyland

Chinkara Motors: Beachster, Hammer, Roadster, Rockster, Jeepster,Sailster.

Force Motors

Hindustan Motors:Ambassador

Mahindra: Major, Xylo, Scorpio.

Maruti Suzuki: 800,Alto,WagonR,Estilo,AStar, Ritz, Swift, SwiftDZire, SX4, Omni,Versa, Gypsy

Premier: Sigma, RiO.

San Motors: Storm

Tata Motors: Nano, Indica, Indigo, Sumo,Safari

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Electriccarcompanies in IndiaElectriccarcompanies in India

Ajanta Group

Mahindra

Hero Electric

REVA

Tara International

Tata Motors

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MultiMulti--national automobilenational automobile

manufacturersmanufacturersAudi:A4,A6.BMW: 3 Series, 5 Series.Chevrolet: Spark,Beat,U-VA,Aveo, Optra,Cruze,Tavera.Fiat: Palio,Grande Punto,Linea.

Ford: Ikon, Fiesta, Fusion, Endeavour, FigoHonda: Jazz, City, Civic,Accord.Hyundai: Santro, i10,Getz, i20,Accent,Verna, Hyundai, Sonata.Mercedes-Benz:C-Class, E-ClassMitsubishi: Lancer, Lancer Cedia.Nissan:Micra

Renault: Logankoda:Fabia, Octavia,Laura.Toyota: Corolla, Innova,FortunerVolkswagen: Jetta, Passat, Polo.

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Top vehicle manufacturing groupsTop vehicle manufacturing groups

(by volume)(by volume)

1.Toyota MotorCorporation ( Japan)2.General Motors Company ( United States)3.Volkswagen Group AG ( Germany)4.Ford MotorCompany ( United States)5.Honda MotorCompany ( Japan)

6.Nissan MotorC

ompany ( Japan)7. PSA PeugeotCitron S.A. ( France)8.Hyundai MotorCompany ( South Korea)9.Suzuki MotorCorporation ( Japan)10.Fiat S.P.A. ( Italy)

19.Tata Motors, Ltd ( India)

35.Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India)

47.Ashok Leyland ( India)

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Standard Reference Date Region

India 2000 Euro 1 2000 Nationwide

Bharat Stage II Euro 2

2001NCR*, Mumbai,

Kolkata, Chennai

2003.04 NCR*, 10 Cities

2005.04 Nationwide

Bharat Stage III Euro 32005.04 NCR*, 10 Cities

2010.04 Nationwide

Bharat Stage IV Euro 4 2010.04 NCR*, 10 Cities

* National Capital Region (Delhi) Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad,

Ahmadabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow, Sholapur, and Agra

Indian Emission Standards (4-Wheel Vehicles)

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SEDAN CARSEDAN CAR

The 3-box design, indicative of a notchback sedan, as

illustrated on a full-size 4-door sedan.

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HATCHBACKHATCHBACK

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SPORT UTILITY VEHICLE (SUV)SPORT UTILITY VEHICLE (SUV)

Military Vehicles Toyota Land Cruiser Range Rover

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MULTY UTILITY VEHICLE (MUV)MULTY UTILITY VEHICLE (MUV)

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Automobile safetyAutomobile safety

To minimize the occurrence and consequences of automobile accidents.

ACTIVESAFETY The technology assisting in the prevention of acrash.

Eg . Automatic Braking

Reverse backup sensorsAnti-lock braking systems

Adaptive cruise control

Brakes, steering, and suspension systems

PASS

IVE

S

AFE

TY The components of the vehicle that help toprotect occupants during a crash.Eg. Airbag,

Seatbelt

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AIRBAG

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CRASH TESTCRASH TEST

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Thank you !