Date post: | 09-Jan-2017 |
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INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOBILE
AUTOMOBILE AND AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
Etymology of Word “Automobile”• The word Automobile derives from two French Words “Auto” and
“mobile”, which translates to self moving.Definition of an Automobile• An automobile is an wheeled vehicle carrying its own power unitWhat is Automobile Engineering?• Automobile engineering is the one of the stream of mechanical
engineering, which deals with the various types of automobiles, their mechanism of transmission systems and its applications
TIMELINE OF EARLY AUTOMOBILE DEVELOPMENTS
Invention of first steam powered road vehicle by French Military Engineer
Nicolas Cugnot
Carl Benz invents the automobile
Bertha Benz, in an effort to popularize her husband's invention, took the very first public drive in an
automobile from Mannheim to Pforzheim
1779 1886 1888
TIMELINE OF EARLY AUTOMOBILE DEVELOPMENTS
Ferdinand Porsche developed the Lohner-
Porsche Mixte Hybrid, the first gasoline-electric hybrid
automobile in the world.
Seeking to bring the motor car to the masses, Henry Ford produced the
Model T. It had a 20-horsepower, four-cylinder engine, reached a top speed of about 45 miles per hour, covered 13-21
mpg and weighed 544 kg.
Enzo Ferrari founded the Scuderia Ferrari Grand Prix motor
racing team
1901 1908 1929
TIMELINE OF EARLY AUTOMOBILE DEVELOPMENTS
Sylvester Howard Roper invents the first motorcycle. It was a 2 cylinder, steam engine powered by coal.
Nicolaus Otto creates the first four-stroke piston cycle internal
combustion engine which was put into the first motorcycle.
French firm DeDion-Buton created an engine that was easy to produce and allowed mass
production of motorcycles. used by many companies including Harley-
Davidson.
1867 1867 1895
TIMELINE OF EARLY AUTOMOBILE DEVELOPMENTS
Hildebrand & Wolfmüller created the first series
production motorcycle. Made Travel easier, just as the car
did in later years.
William Harley and Davidsons brothers launched the Harley-
Davidson Motor Company, which is very popular today.
1894 1903
TYPES OF AUTOMOBILESOn the Basis of Loada) Heavy transport vehicle (HTV) or heavy motor vehicle
(HMV), example: trucks, buses, etc. b) Light transport vehicle (LTV), example: pickup, station
wagon, etcc) Light motor vehicle (LMV), example: cars, jeeps, etc
On the basis of number of Wheels(a) Two wheeler vehicle, example : Scooter, motorcycle
etc.(b) Three wheeler vehicle, example : Autorickshaw, three
wheeler scooter for handicaps and tempo, etc(c) Four wheeler vehicle, example : Car, jeep, trucks,
buses, etc. (d) Six wheeler vehicle, example : Big trucks with two
gear axles each having four wheels.
Typical pillar configurations of a sedan (three box)
station wagon (two box) hatchback (two box)
TYPES OF AUTOMOBILESFuel Used (a) Petrol vehicle, example : motorcycle, scooter,
cars, etc.(b) Diesel vehicle, example : trucks, buses, etc. (c) Electric vehicle which use battery to drive. (d) Steam vehicle, example : an engine which uses
steam engine(e) Gas vehicle, e.g. LPG and CNG vehicles(f) Hybrid Vehicles On the basis of Transmissiona) Conventional vehicles with manual transmissionb) Semi-automatic c) Automatic
Toyota Prius, a Hybrid Vehicle
Tesla Model S, an electric Vehicle
Components of an Automobile System
COMPONENTS OF AN AUTOMOBILE• The main components of an automobile are1. The basic structure
A. FrameB. Suspension systemC. AxlesD. Wheels
2. The Power Plant (Engine)3. The Transmission system
E. ClutchF. Gear BoxG. Propeller ShaftH. Differential
4. The Auxiliaries (electrical system)
A. Power Supply systemB. The starterC. Ignition systemD.Ancillary devices
5.The lubrication system 6. Cooling Systems
7. The Steering and Braking system
THE BASIC STRUCTURE -FRAME
• It is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism.
FUNCTIONS OF THE CHASSIS FRAME:1. To carry load of the passengers or goods carried in
the body.2. To support the load of the body, engine, gear box
etc., 3. To withstand the forces caused due to the sudden
braking or acceleration 4. To withstand the stresses caused due to the bad
road condition. 5. To withstand centrifugal force while cornering
Conventional Chassis Frame
Integral Chassis Frame
TYPES OF FRAMES(a)Conventional frame• It has two long side members and 5 to 6 cross members joined together with the
help of rivets and bolts. The frame sections are used generally. a. Channel Section - Good resistance to bending b. Tabular Section - Good resistance to Torsion c. Box Section - Good resistance to both bending and Torsion
(b) Integral frame• In this type of construction, there is no frame. It is also called unitized frame-
body construction. In this case, the body shell and underbody are welded into single unit. The underbody is made of floor plates and channel and box sections welded into single unit. This assembly replaces the frame. This decreases the overall weight compared to conventional separate frame and body construction
SUSPENSION SYSTEM