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Autonomic Nervous SystemEunice LeeDebora JeongJoshua Iannotti Period 4
Organization of Nervous System
Central Nervous System1. Brain
A) Forebrain (1) Sensory info (receive/process) (2) Thinking, perceiving, producing
B) Brainstem (1) Hindbrain
Balance equilibrium
(2) Midbrain Auditory and visual responses Motor functions
2. Spinal Cord A) connects brain to peripheral nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System1. Sensory Nervous System
A) sends info to CNS i.e. when someone pokes your finger
2. Motor Nervous SystemA) sends info from CNS i.e. when you want to lift your finger
B) Autonomic vs. Somatic (1) Somatic:
1. voluntary motor 2. skeletal muscles
(2) Autonomic: 1. involuntary motor 2. smooth and cardiac muscles 3. Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic
Reflex Arc Definition: a neural pathway that controls a reflex
i.e. jolting backward when touching something hot
TWO types of Reflex Arc
1. Autonomic Reflex Affects inner organs (visceral= deep) Triggered by visceral afferent signaling Sensory neuron -> connecting neuron -> motor neuron
i.e. peristalsis, sweating
2. Somatic Reflex Affects muscles Starts with force acting onto a surface
i.e. hammer on patella
Then energy is received and sensory neuron senses force Then sends signal to motor neuron which sends a signal
to the brain to jerk the knee
Autonomic Somatic
Autonomic: Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic
Autonomic: Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Body Part Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Eye Dilates Constricts
Heart Rate increases Rate decreases
Bladder Relaxes Contracts
Salivary Glands Stops production Increases production
Lungs Dilate bronchioles Constrict bronchioles
Liver Release glucose N/A
Adrenal Gland Secrete epinephrine/ norepinephrine
N/A
Intestines/ Stomach Decreases activities of muscles and glands
Increases gland secretions, motility
Kidney Vasoconstriction/ decreased urine output
N/A
Genitals Ejaculation Erection
Arrector pili Muscle Contract Relax
Gallbladder Relaxes Contracts
Ultimate Outcome for each System: Autonomic vs. Somatic
Autonomic: Maintaining homeostasis: Control glands Control smooth and cardiac muscle
Somatic:Self-Preservation: Control skeletal muscles
Ganglionic Fibers Axons sent into nerves Synapse with neurons
in ganglia first
PREGANGLIONIC FIBERS ARE…
POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS ARE…
Sympathetic System
Preganglionic fibers- Reach spine and leave spine
(rami)- Synapse in sympathetic
ganglia- Shorter
Postganglionic fibers-Extend from sympathetic ganglia-Longer
Parasympathetic SystemPreganglionic fibers- Carried by vagus nerves- From brain and spinal chord
ganglia- Longer- Myelinated
Postganglionic fibers-Continue from ganglia organs-Shorter-Unmyelinated
Sympathetic Neurotransmitters
Preganglionic fibers secrete AcH (Acetylcholine)
Cholinergic
Postganglionic fibers secrete NE (Norepinephrine)
Andrenergic
Parasympathetic Neurotransmitters
Preganglionic fibers secrete AcH
Postganglionic fibers secrete AcH and Nitric Oxide
RECEPTORSNicotine AcH Receptor - Strong Muscle contractions- Both sympathetic and
parasympathetic
Adrenergic Receptors- Postganglionic neurons- Just sympathetic
Muscarinic AcH Receptors
- Receives AcH- Weak Muscle contractions- Just Parasympathetic
Termination of Receptors
AcHe (Acetylcholinesterase) breaks down AcH
NE is removed NE has prolonged effect
Bibliography https://
www.uic.edu/classes/pcol/pcol425/restricted/Guenthner/Pharm_PNS_new.pdf
http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/Units14to17/unit14/ans.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7906875
http://www.ems1.com/medical-clinical/articles/893632-Receptors-and-the-autonomic-nervous-system/