Autonomous Cars

By:-M.M.Ihzan

Contents • What is an autonomous cars?• Features of self-driving cars• What Does the Car Look Like? • How does it work?• Diagram of Self-Driving car

• Laser Scanner• Radar• Cameras• Processor • GPS Antenna• Range of Scanners, Radars and Cameras

• Traffic Ahead• Test Drive • Advantages and Disadvantages• Conclusion• References

What is an autonomous cars?

• An autonomous car, also known as a driverless car,

driver-free car, robot car or self-driving car.

What Does the Car Look Like?

Features of self-driving cars

• A self-driving cars are capable of Sensing its environment Navigating without human input. Fulfilling the human transportation capabilities of a

traditional car. Making intelligent decisions.

• Maintaining an internal map and using that map to find an optimal paths.

-Ex. road structures, pedestrians and other vehicles

How does it work?

• The vehicle build a map of its environment and precisely localize itself within that map. It uses laser rangefinders and cameras.

• The vehicle uses a probabilistic model to track the predicted future path of moving objects based on its shape.

• Intelligence and makes decisions on its own (if mistake is made it will alert driver)

• It use its GPS to know where it is in relation to other objects in the map.

• It use inertial navigation unit, and sensors to precisely localize itself.

Diagram of Self-Driving car

Cameras

GPS Antenna

Laser ScannerProcessor

Radar

Radar

Laser Scanner

Laser Scanner

• The laser gives 360 degree understanding.

• Car can sense objects at the same time.

• The laser helps to determine its location.

Radar• Radar detects vehicles

far ahead.• Radar calculate other

vehicles speed. So car can speed up or

slow down with other vehicles.

Cameras• The cameras detects

traffic lights. • It helps car’s onboard

computer to recognize moving objects.-Ex. Pedestrian, bicycles

Processor • Processor measures

small movements made by the car.

• It helps to accurately locate its positions on the map.

GPS Antenna• Its helps to know where it

is in relation to other objects in the map.

• As the vehicle moves, new positional information and sensor data are used to update the vehicle’s internal map.

Range of Scanners, Radars and Cameras

Short-range radar Range of 0.2m to 30m

Mid-range scanRange of 60m

Long-range radarRange of 200m

CameraVisual range of up to 500m

30m60m

200m

Traffic Ahead • Many carmakers developing prototype vehicles that are capable

of driving autonomously in certain situation.

BMW Mercedes-Benz Nissan

Google General Motors

Vehicles 5 Series (modified)

S 500 Intelligent driver research vehicle

Leaf EV (modified)

Prius and Lexus (modified)

Cadillac SRX (modified)

KEYTechnologies

• Video camera tracks lane markings and reads road signs.

• Read sensors detect objects ahead.

• Side laser scanners.

• Ultrasonic sensors.

• Differential GPS.

• Very accurate map.

• Stereo camera sees objects ahead in 3-D

• Additional cameras reads road signs and traffic lights.

• Short and long range radar.

• Infrared camera,

• Ultrasonic sensors.

• Front and side radar.

• Camera• Front, side

and rear laser sensor,

• Fore wide angle cameras shows the driver the car’s surroundings.

• LIDAR on the roof detects objects around the car in 3-D

• Camera helps detect objects.

• Front and side radar.

• Inertial measuring unit tracks position,

• Wheel encoder tracks movement.

• Very accurate map.

• Several laser sensors.

• Radar• Differential

GPS• Cameras• Very accurate

map.

Test Drive

• Already sent out vehicles (over 140,000 miles through traffic, residential, and highway)• Nevada-June 2011• Florida-April 2012• California-September 2012• Texas-September 2012

• Trying to find green alternatives.

Advantages

• React faster than humans.

• 360 degree perfection.• Allows more people to

commute.• Cannot get distracted,

sleepy, or intoxicated. • Actively engage the driver

(announcements like “approaching a crosswalk” or “turn ahead”)

Disadvantages

• Expensive.• Cars reducing more

carbon. • Costs more gas. • Some times make wrong

decision.

Conclusion• “Actually, I think it is a great idea once the

technology is perfected and locked down. • Sure we can't imagine something like it now, but

think off into the future.”

Questions?

References• http://robohub.org/how-do-self-driving-cars-work/• http://

images.gizmag.com/inline/stanford-audi-tts-autonomous-car-race-car-drivers-thunderhill-raceway-9.jpeg

• http://www.blogcdn.com/www.autoblog.com/media/2012/02/googleautonomous-car-628.jpg

• http://www.autonomos.inf.fu-berlin.de/escape/sensors/migsensors/sensors/MIG_labels.jpg

• http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/google-self-driving-car-537x369.jpg

• http://www.extremetech.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/MercedesDistronicPlusThruWindshieldIllo-640x381.jpg

• http://images.gizmag.com/gallery_lrg/volvo-autonomous-cars-42.jpg• http://

cnet3.cbsistatic.com/hub/i/r/2010/03/26/9fc59e0c-f0fc-11e2-8c7c-d4ae52e62bcc/thumbnail/170x128/6f07b19564357d3844b8674571f0012c/AudiShelley-2.jpg

• http://www.mobilemag.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/nissan.jpg

Thank you