Date post: | 03-Jul-2015 |
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Government & Nonprofit |
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Edmund Tayao, LOGODEF
Understanding Autonomy, Decentralization and Governance
Making Sense of Politics as Means and Not An Enterprise
Why Decentralization and Local Governance: Basic Considerations, Current Trends
Politics as Business and Governance as Service
❖ From purely political and security issues to economic and welfare issues!❖ Education, Health, Labor, Natural Resources especially Water, Religious and
Ethnic Diversity, Disaster Management and Mitigation, Traffic Management and other day to day issues!
❖ Representation, Transparency, Accountability and Responsiveness!
❖ Government to Governance
Development Requires A Bigger Role for LGUs
❖ Reinventing as Restructuring (Osborne and Gaebler 1992)!❖ LGUs are at the frontlines of governance!❖ Governance as Division of Labor and Participation!
❖ Key Points are to “Maximize,” “Organize” and “Optimize”!❖ Maximize Resources!❖ Organize Constituency!❖ Optimize Delivery of Services!
❖ The Farther the LGU from the national government the more significant role it plays
Increasing Role of LGUs
❖ As Social and Economic Development becomes the focus of Government Local Governments have also come to play more important roles!
❖ On Average sub-national Governments spend between a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 19 percent of the total GDP.
Fire Protection
Heating
Irrigation
Police
Public Order andSafety
Oil and gas Pipeline
OTHER SERVICESUrban Transportation
Railroads
Airports
Ports & NavigableWaterways
Urban Highways
Inter-Urban Highways
TRANSPORTATIONTelecommunications
Electric Power Supply
Waste Collection
Drinking Water andSewerage
UTILITIESHousing
Nutrition Programs
Primary andPreschool Education
Secondary Education
Universities
Public Health
Hospitals
Social Welfare
SOCIAL SERVICES
Public Expenditure Areas Funded Wholly At the Sub-National Level Or Shared With the Central Government
Substantial Sharing of Functions and Expenses
❖ 80 to 85 percent of GDP still with Central Government considering key functions of national bureaucracy, foreign relations, national defense, monetary and fiscal policy!
❖ Together with Expenditures shared between national and local governments, 40 % is spent on 4 service areas of social services, transportation, utility services and others
Growing Developmental Function of LGUs
Utility Services receive the most funding at the local level accounting for Telecommunications, Electric Power Supply, Waste Collection and Drinking Water and Sewerage!
!
!
Development is the Real Revolution
Democratization and Decentralization
Transition from Government to Governance- Innovations in the 1987 Constitution
❖ PR System- Party-list Representation!
❖ Legislature’s role on Martial Law!
❖ Concretization of ‘People Power’- Initiative, Referendum, and Recall!
❖ Decentralization
Objectives
❖ Improve Delivery of Services!
❖ Afford significant autonomy to LGUs, and!
❖ Develop local economy, possibly result to local economic elites.
Autonomy is Self-Governance but Should Not Be Confused
with Independence
Decentralization is the Process of Redistributing or Dispersing
Functions
The Advantage of Local Governance Why reforms directed at the local has better chances to work?
❖ LGUs are smaller, easier to manage and reforms may be easier to introduce!
❖ Facilitating interaction between leaders and constituency is less complicated
National/Central Government
Provinces
Municipalities
Barangays
Component Cities
Barangays
Highly Urbanized Cities
Barangays
Department of the Interior and Local
Governments/ Other NGAs
Decentralized Unitary StructureProvided for in Section 25, Art. II and Art. X of the 1987 Philippine Constitution;!
President has “general supervision” over LGUs (Provinces over component cities and municipalities; Highly Urbanized/Independent Cities and Municipalities over Barangays);!
LGUs can raise own revenues, entitled to “just share” in national taxes and “equitable share” in the proceeds of the utilization and development of national wealth.
Decentralization is a Framework
❖ Designed to allow seamless functioning of separate institutions at different levels, at the same time allowing each level to retain integrity;!
❖ As framework, it is like a hardware that can be maximized only depending on the software (programs and or policies)
Decentralization Means More Nat’l Gov’t But Different Role
❖ Fundamental decision-making authority relative to system or administrative-structural changes is the province of the nat’l. gov’t.;!
❖ In terms of resources, it is the nat’l. gov’t. that can share or even transfer what is necessary to the LGUs for the latter to perform the new duties and responsibilities that is assigned.; and!
❖ Nat’l. gov’t. remains the level of gov’t. that enjoys a broad perspective crucial in ensuring coordination among different gov’t agencies at different levels.
Political
Economic
Socio-cultural
National "Government"
Manage Poliecon and"Socio-cultural Dynamics"
Broad Policies/Programs (Standards)"Policy Research
Local Government"Specific Policies/Programs"
Implementation and Coordination"Source of Data on the Ground
Points to Consider for Bangsamoro Local Governance
❖ National/Central Government’s work is with Bangsamoro and the latter works with LGUs;!
❖ Ensure to take note of LGU capacity before assigning specific functions or programs (avoid unfunded mandates);!
❖ Technical support from DILG National and Bangsamoro DILG should always be there;!
❖ Institutionalize mechanism of review (monitoring and evaluation) of Bangsamoro decentralization; and,!
❖ Work closely with Civil Society and Academe to further enrich local governance and development.
The Question of “How” is Always Fundamental but Most Difficult
Policy Making
Broad Cycle of Policy Making
Politics and Policy
The Policy Process
Dynamics of Policy Making
Underpinnings of Local Legislative Process
❖ Policy as Regulation and Program!
❖ Awareness of National-Local and Interlocal Relations and Dynamics!
❖ The Difference of Executive-Legislative Roles and Relations at the National and Local Government!
❖ The Local Executive and Legislator and their Political and Policy Role- Desired Values and Skills!
❖ The Sanguniang Bayan as an Institution!
❖ The fundamental role of research
Governance is Comprehensive and Forward Looking
Requiring Diligence, Persistence and Resilience!see us at www.logodef.org!email [email protected], tweet @edtayao