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Avian Flu Virus
Compiled by: Marvin, Grace and Carleen
Preview Outbreak-The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported an outbreak
of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in birds affecting a number of countries in Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa. Avian influenza is a contagious viral infection that can affect all.
Transmission-Avian influenza viruses (of which there are 15 types) infect wild bird populations, particularly water birds, typically without causing symptoms. The virus spreads through bird faeces and contaminated water or dust. When avian influenza spreads to poultry or other birds, it can cause more severe disease.
Treatment- Amantadine Rimantadine Oseltamivir Tami Flu (United States)
Avian Infection Map
Lee, Mak, Saw. Public Health and Epidemiology Bulletin. 1999;8:1-7.
Influenza Type A (H5N1)
First appeared in humans in Hong Kong, 1997
Primarily associated with avian species Fatal epidemic among Hong Kong
poultry in 1997 18 total confirmed cases, with 6 deaths
Implications of H5N1 Infection
Potential for pandemic infection by little-known pathogen
Morbidity and mortality in both young and old No previous human exposure; no vaccine Signals need for
Pandemic readiness plan Rapid detection and diagnosis of new viral strains Veterinary surveillance Continuing research for new antiviral agents
D. Release B. Entering Cell C. ReplicationA. Binding
Infection Process
Nasopharynx
Trachea
Infection Pathway
Signs and Symptoms Abrupt onset of symptoms Fever, usually over 100°F Nonproductive cough Chills and/or sweats Headache Myalgia Sore throat Potentially severe, persistent malaise Substernal soreness, photophobia, and ocular
problems
.
Risk Factors for Influenza Complications (CDC)
Age 50 yrs
Residence in nursing home/chronic care facilities
Chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma, COPD)
Chronic cardiovascular disease
Chronic metabolic diseases, renal dysfunction, hemoglobinopathy
Immunosuppression
Long-term aspirin therapy (ages 6 mos-18 yrs)
Second or third trimester pregnancy
Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate)Contraindications and Precautions
Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to components
Efficacy in the treatment of patients with chronic cardiac disease and/or respiratory disease has not been established
No evidence of efficacy in non-influenza illness Safety and incidence of repeated treatment or
prophylaxis courses not studied
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Oseltamivir
Prodrug Conversion of Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate)
NH2
O
HN
O
OH
O
Oseltamivir carboxylate
EsterHydrolysi s
Oseltamivir phosphate
NH2 • H3PO4
O
HN
O
O
O
Antivirals in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pediatric Influenza (Cont’d)
Inhibits viral neuraminidase Efficacious against influenza A and B Approved for treatment in patients 1 year of
age Approved for prophylaxis in adult patients and
adolescents 13 years and older Orally administered by liquid or capsule
Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate)Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate)
Multimedia Presentation?
Questions:1. Will there be a pandemic?2. Are we prepared?3. How long before this happens?4. Do we have enough vaccines?5. Will the virus mutate?6. Who will survive it?7. Will the drugs be expensive?8. Is the U.S.A doing enough?9. Is it a form of biological weaponry?10. Can we become immune to it?
Antivirals in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pediatric Influenza (Cont’d)
Inhibits viral neuraminidase Efficacious against influenza A and B Approved for treatment in patients 7
years of age Not indicated for prophylaxis Administered by inhalation only
Zanamivir (Relenza®)Zanamivir (Relenza®)
SummaryEssay HighlightsContagiousRespiratory illnessCan result in deathYoung and old susceptibleMainly among birds Risk to humans lowNot normal flu virusH5N1 is sensitive to heatNo effective vaccineTami Flu available Ethyl Ester Inhibits neuraminidaseHas potential to become pandemic
PowerPoint HighlightsFirst human case was ChinaAffects respiratory systemInfection Path Binding Entrance Replication Release
Pandemic possibility still debatableTami Flu is available in the U.S.AMainly Asian countries affectedW.H.O declares the situation grave
Flu Find A Word
Wordsbirds CDC
culling pandemic Tami flu
WHO
L A U L F I M A T X P U H P Y X H RK Q S D R I B T SS H Z U D Z G J I
P A N D E M I C AC U C U L L I N G
K D U X W U D W N B W C R M L H K J Q H X Q J O H W U
Good Luck
THE ENDCenter For Disease Control
Carleen
Yahoo
Alltheweb
Grace
Encarta Online Encyclopedia
Wikipedia
Public Health and Epidemiology Bulletin.
Marvin