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INDIA INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTER (IITC)IATA CONSULTANT LEVEL II

MARCH 2013

AVIATION INDUSTRY

Dena Alavi

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WHAT DOES AVIATION MEAN?

The science of

flying an

aircraft

Derived from the

word avis,

with the definition of bird in Latin

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WHAT IS AN AIRCRAFT?

A machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air

counters the force of gravity

using either static lift or the

dynamic lift

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METHODS OF LIFTING AN AIRCRAFT

• Depends on buoyant in air to have densities lower than that of air.

Lighter-

than-air

• does not depend on buoyancy for support but gains lift from aerodynamic forces.

Heavier-

than-air

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF AVIATION

Types of Aviation

Civil Aviation

General Aviation

Military Aviation

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CIVIL AVIATION

Ballooning

Using buoyancy to float in the

air

Scheduled Airline Flight

Providing air transport

services for passengers or freight

• All non-military flights and activities

Civil Aviation

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GENERAL AVIATION

• All civil flights other than scheduled airline flights, both private and commercial.

General Aviation

Soaring

Flight of a motor-less

aircraft , using air currents

and thermals.

Private Aviatio

nFlying not for

hire

The pilot is not paid

Aircraft owner does not

receive money for the flight

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MILITARY AVIATION

Conducting or enabling warfare.

National airlift (cargo) capacity.

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HISTORY OF AVIATION

2000 years

of histo

ry

.

.

.

.

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PRE-RENAISSANCE

Hot Air Balloons,

3rd Century

Manned Kite

Bird Feather

Glider, 1st century

AD

Rudimentary Glider,

9th century

Glider, 1st century

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RENAISSANCE TO THE 18TH CENTURY

Leonardo Da Vinci, 15th century

Hang glider

Tito Livio Burattini - A

model aircraft with four fixed glider wings

Francesco Lana de Terzi -

Suggested lighter than air flight would be

possibleBartolomeu de

Gusmão - Invention

of an airship

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WHAT IS A HANG GLIDER

Hang Glide

r

Unpowered

flying apparat

us

Frame with a fabric airfoil

Suspended

from a harnes

s below

Controls flight

by body

movement

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RENAISSANCE TO THE 18TH CENTURYM

on

tgolfi

er

bro

thers

*Unmanned Hot Air Balloon

*First manned flight, a tethered balloon with humans on board

*First free flight with human passengers

Jacq

ues C

harl

es &

R

ob

ert

bro

thers

world's

first

unmanned

hydrogen-

filled

balloon Jacq

ues C

harl

es &

N

icola

s-L

ou

is

Rob

ert

manned

hydrogen

balloon

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Physics of

flight by

Cayley

Successful model

hang glider flight

1800

1804

TIMELINE OF AVIATION HISTORY AFTER 18TH CENTURY

1853

1884

1891-96

1900

1900-05

1909

1910

1919

1958

1961

1969

1970

2010

Towed, controlle

d, manned glider flight

(Cayley)

Controlled hang glider flights

(Lilienthal)

The Wright Brothe

rs

World’s first jet propelle

d aircraft

Boeing 707

Apollo 11

Moon landin

g

First 24 hour flight using only

solar panels and

electric power

First fully controlla

ble lighter than air

flight

First Zeppel

in

First crossing of the English Channel in a heavier-than-air aircraft

First Atlanti

c crossi

ng

First manne

d space missio

n

Airbus

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PHYSICS OF FLIGHT BY CAYLEY

A plan for a glider

in 1799

Separate tail for

control

Pilot suspend

ed below

the center

of gravity

Flew the

model in

1804.

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TOWED, CONTROLLED, MANNED GLIDER

FLIGHT

A short unpowered

gliding flight at Brompton

in 1853.

First flying it unmanned in 1849.

Internal and

external combustion engines, fueled by

gunpowder.

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FIRST FULLY CONTROLLABLE LIGHTER THAN AIR FLIGHT

Charles Renard

& Arthur Krebs

French army

electric powere

d airship

1884

Covering 8 km in

23 minute

sgenerally

short-lived and

extremely frail

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CONTROLLED HANG GLIDER FLIGHTS

Germ

an

Ott

o

Lilie

nth

al (1

891-

1896)

“Jumping before you

fly”produced a

series of gliders known as Hang

Gliders.made flights of 25m or more

routinely.

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FIRST ZEPPELIN

• Large German dirigible airship

• Long and cylindrical

• Rigid framework

Zeppelin

(1900)

Altitude of 400 meters

Lasted only 18 minutes

Ended in an emergency

landing

First flight of a truly successful

rigid airship

Count Ferdinand

von Zeppelin

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THE WRIGHT BROTHERS

17 December

1903

The first sustained, controlled, powered

heavier-than-air manned flight

By Orville Wright

At Kill Devil Hills,

North Carolina

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CROSSING THE ENGLISH CHANNEL

Louis Charles Joseph Blériot

French aviator, inventor

and engineer

Built a successf

ul aircraft

Made the first flight across the English

Channel in a heavier than air aircraft in

1909

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WORLD’S FIRST JET PROPELLED AIRCRAFT

piston-engine exhaus

t gases

adding heat to

an otherwise pure

air stream

compressed by

rotating fan

blades in a duct

Jet Propell

ed Aircraf

t

Romanian Henri Coandă (1910)

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CROSSING THE ATLANTIC OCEAN

USA Newfoundland Azores Portugal UK

Curtiss seaplane NC-4 (1919)

One of the three United States Navy

aircraft

Supported by a trail of 22

"station ships”

23 days

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BOEING 707

Boeing Commercial Airplanes

(1958)

Mid-size,

narrow-body

Four-engine

jet airliner

Capacity of 140 to 189 passeng

ers

Range of 2,500

to 5,750

nautical miles

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APOLLO 11 MOON LANDING

1969 The

spaceflight that landed

the first humans,

Neil Armstrong

& Buzz Aldrin

Lunar modu

le

Service

module

3 Parts

Command

module

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AIRBUS

Subsidiary of

European aerospace company

First commercially viable

fly-by-wire

airliner, A320

World's largest airliner,

A380

Airbus

1970

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AIRBUS

Airbus

A320 A380

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FIRST FLIGHT USING SOLAR PANELS & ELECTRIC POWER

Solar Impulse is

a Swiss long-range

solar powered aircraft project

world's first

manned 26-hour solar-

powered flight

(2010)

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FUTURE OF AVIATION

According to NASA

.

.

.

.

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AVIATION IN 2025 ACCORDING TO NASA

Goals

Fly up to 85% of

the speed of

sound

Cover a

range of

7000 miles

50,000-100,000

pounds of payload

Goals

Less noise

Cleaner

exhaust

Lower fuel

consumption

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BOEING’S DESIGN

Engines on the top of the back end

2 vertical tales

Reducing airframe noise

Advanced lightweight

Composite structure

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LOCKHEED MARTIN’S DESIGN

A box wing design

A wing on the lower belly and

one on the top

Ultra fan engine, five

times greater

than current times

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NORTHROP GRUMMAN’S DESIGN

A flying wing

Design

Four high-

bypass engines

Engine

Advanced

composite

Material

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CONSULTED WEBSITES http://jawaexpress.com/destination/future-of-aviation-

according-to-nasa/ http://www.nasa.gov/topics/aeronautics/features/

greener_aircraft.html http://www.technofunc.com/index.php/domain-

knowledge/aerospace-industry/item/history-of-aviation-industry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aviation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation http://www.thefreedictionary.com/heavier-than-air http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_aviation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft#Methods_of_lift http://www.airbus.com/innovation/future-by-airbus/

concept-planes/innovating-for-the-future/ http://lotsofaviation.wetpaint.com/page/

Types+of+Aviation http://www.airbus.com/innovation/eco-efficiency/

design/future-concepts/

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THANK YOU