Date post: | 18-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | risingsunindia |
View: | 40 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Rising Sun Aviation E - Magazine
www.RisingSunIndia.in AUGUST ISSUE
INSIDE:—
JETMAN
SECOND HAND AIRCRAFT
PRESSURIZATION AND CABIN AIR
AIRPARK
Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
Happy Independence Day.
Thank you very much for your overwhelming and encouraging response for our
“Rising Sun” E-Magazine.
We have received lot of valuable suggestions from readers, we will consider
everybody’s suggestion, and this will be evident in forthcoming issues.
We have kept AUGUST ISSUE short with four informative and interesting articles, so
that you could complete the reading in 10-15 minutes, we know and understand you
are busy with your assignment and responsibilities, Therefore our next issue will be
released just after 3 weeks on Friday 5th September.
In this Issue, we have written four articles, all of them are independent of each other,
it start from Jetman, where we have seen him in television or people like him flying
in air with jet engine strapped to their back in movies, here we have pointed out how
he manages to fly and maneuver in air, what problem’s he faces and how it’s
different from reality.
Many people had dream to own their personal aircraft, but given up their dream, as
it was not possible due to financial and logistic problem , they were wrong, new
aircraft is expensive but second hand aircraft can be purchased in affordable price
from foreign countries, why it should not be compared with second hand car and
how? for long period it stays in good condition is explained in Second article.
Our most aviation field related readers will be knowing facts about Aircraft
Pressurization and Cabin Air, this article is for our non-Aviation readers, where we
feel they should know about Pressurization (Aircraft Structure) and make them
realize, why Cabin Door will never open during Flight.
As we have mentioned in “About us”, that our articles will also have the reflection of
US and developed nation aviation lifestyle, as such trend soon is going to come in
India, in 3rd article, have written in short about Airpark or Airport Homes in USA.
This four articles will display the different aspects of aviation, that’s where you will
slowly know in detail about Aviation.
We have come across many Aviation Enthusiast working on aero modelling projects
and realized it is in all part of India and growing fast. We will write about Enthusiasts
work and innovation in upcoming issues.
Thanking you
Chief Editor
Suraj Anvekar
www.RisingSunIndia.in
Our next issue will be
released just after 3
weeks on Friday
5th September.
Many Aviation En-
thusiast are working
on aero modelling
projects and realized
it is in all part of
India and growing
Fast.
In 3rd article, have
written in short about
Airpark or Airport
Homes in USA.
dear readers,
Jetman YVES ROSSY is a very experienced pilot from Switzerland who had the
dream of flying pretty much without an airplane. Like his dream, we
think most of us have had, to fly like a bird with very little, if any,
machinery carrying us aloft.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 1 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
The two key ingredients for Rossy’s success—in
addition to a good imagination and sound
understanding of aerodynamics was development
of lightweight carbon fiber materials and very
compact turbine engines.
Attaching an engine and propeller to the soles of
the feet just wouldn’t work. With the rigid swept
wing to provide lift and a place to mount the little
turbine engines Rossy had a formula to fly like a
very fast bird.
LONG BEFORE the Wright brother’s
success in 1903, people were jumping
off buildings and cliffs with every
imaginable type of wing shaped device
strapped to their backs.
But as is true with most innovation,
several new technologies had to
develop more or less independently for
the dream to be realized.
The four little jet engines Rossy uses produce about
40 pounds of thrust each and were intended for
Model Airplane use.
Carbon fiber makes it possible for Rossy to build a
swept wing that is both extremely light and very
stiff.
But better understanding of the internal airflow of
a turbine engine, and development in metal alloys,
makes the compact jet engine possible.
Takeoff from a runway is out of the question because
a human couldn’t possibly run fast enough to create
the lift necessary from such a small wing. And control
in flight had to be improvised because there just isn’t
a place to mount conventional fight controls, other
than perhaps ailerons.
So Rossy begins fight by jumping from a hovering
helicopter at about 5,000 feet. He starts the jet
engines while still on the helicopter skid, dives off
gaining airspeed, and then is powered by the engines.
The winglets provide the only directional stability, and
fight controls are Rossy’s body movements. To roll
Jetman moves his trailing hands just a little to act as
ailerons.
Jetman comes very close to the dream of flying like a
bird where body movements are the fight controls.
Unlike a bird, Jetman needs the engines and wing to
create lift and thrust to remain aloft, but Rossy has
come closer to human as aircraft than anyone before.
Moving his head to the side creates yawing moment
much as a rudder mounted ahead of an airplane
would. Moving his head up and down, combined with
some small foot movements, are the primary pitch
controls.
The jet engine is essential to fulfilling Rossy’s
dream because there really isn’t an effective way to
mount a Piston engine and its propeller on the
streamlined human body.
Building a tiny turbine engine is very challenging
because it’s difficult to make very small compressor
and turbine components that can withstand the
temperature necessary for a turbine to operate.
Most of those leaps ended badly. So
Rossy’s dream of flying with a minimum
of hardware is ancient. Not new.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 2 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
Rossy has begun to train other pilots to fly the
Jetman wing, but for now his innovations are
personal, unique, and nobody expects the rest of us
to be flying around with a jet-powered wing strapped
to our backs.
Make no mistake, Rossy is no daredevil. He is
equipped with multiple parachutes and doesn’t fly
below 2,500 feet to give himself time in case
something goes wrong.
His normal landing is made under a large chute with
the wing and engines attached to his back.
Could something go badly wrong with Jetman in
fight? Of course. For example, if an engine fails, that
engine’s counterpart on the other side of the wing
must shut down or asymmetric thrust will throw him
out of control. And you can imagine other possible
emergencies that are difficult to deal with.
If something were to go wrong he can jettison the
wing and descend under a personal chute, plus reserve
if that fails. The wing even has its own chute to lower
it safely if he releases it.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 3 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
Advertise Here
Free advertisement in Rising Sun E-Magazine, please contact :—
Our new readers who missed the Inaugural issue can contact us at
[email protected] to get the download link.
IN OUR EARLIER ISSUE, we have mentioned piston
engine powered aircraft price between 60-90 lakh, it is
second hand aircraft price. Price of brand new Cessna
172 aircraft is 375,000 dollars + taxes but 5-6 year old
aircraft can cost you less than a crore including taxes.
Second hand aircraft proves to be nice and affordable
option than to buy a new aircraft. USA is biggest and
best market for buying Second hand aircraft, where it
provides varieties of aircraft to suit your requirement.
Also, Aircraft can be purchased from India from Indian
owner, at a fair price, preventing you from custom
duties and excessive paperwork, but have limited
varieties of aircraft to choose, mostly you find
Cessna –172.
Second hand aircraft should never be compared with
Second hand car, because the aircraft is strictly
maintained by licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
under maintenance schedule given by manufacturer
which is approved by DGCA.
Second Hand Aircraft
We evaluate car’s condition through total
kilometer run, here in aircraft its condition is
evaluated on total engine and airframe hours.
Unlike car, where it gets damaged due to accident
or some other reason, such cases are not found in
aircraft, body will be completely damage free, if
some damage is there then it will be very minor,
aircraft with damage is no longer airworthy, it is not
fit to fly and engineer and concerned authority
won’t release it to service.
Interiors part of aircraft may look old, but approved
changes can be done in India and a new look can be
given to it at affordable price.
Aircraft is repaired as per the repair procedure stat-
ed by the manufacture and its repair is done under
engineer’s supervision and approved by DGCA.
Therefore, even though it will be Second hand but
performance and safety wise it will be not less than
a new aircraft.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 4 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
Don’t give up your dream to buy aircraft for your personal use.
Corrosion is enemy of aircraft; all structural part of
aircraft is always made from high quality alloy and pro-
tective coatings are given to protect it from corrosion, so
that all parts stay corrosion free for long period and also
time to time corrosion inspection and repairs are done.
Technician who are maintaining aircraft under the
supervision of engineer, are student who have cleared
their AME training course, and are getting trained to be
future AME, therefore aircraft are always in good hands
and maintained by qualified people.
While buying aircraft, you have all maintenance related
information of engine, airframe, instruments, snag
encountered between period and modification detail – if
done on aircraft, if any accident happened then its
detailed investigation report and history of previous
operator (for what purpose aircraft was used earlier).
Federal Aviation Authority (FAA), regulatory authority of
aviation in US, like DGCA in India, have set very high
maintenance standard , therefore it is safe and reliable to
buy aircraft from US, without Certificate of Airworthiness
from FAA, DGCA also won’t give C/A to the aircraft; when
aircraft imported to India.
Apart from flying club, aircraft are not flown every day or
used heavily like car, therefore for long period of time
aircraft will be in good condition and its maintenance
cost is also not very high, only thing is aircraft need to
follow little strict maintenance schedule , keeping in
We have reliable contact of people from aviation
industry, who can always guide you to buy aircraft
as per your requirement from US or any other
country. In India many prefer to buy Second hand
aircraft instead of new one except those who are
very rich and affluent.
We had nice experience with Second hand aircraft
and at the first glance we never used to realize
that aircraft is old (think, it’s new aircraft) , it is
after going through the document, we used to
realize that the aircraft is old. Performance wise
we rarely got complaints from pilot.
In Future, with reduction in custom duty and dollar
price, aircraft will really very affordable compared
to earlier prices and days will come, when people
will start discussing about their aircraft instead of
their car and go for holiday with their own aircraft
or take the aircraft on lease.
Maintenance schedule depends upon hours of
flying, like in car maintenance depends upon
kilometer running.
Aircraft in Picture is Cirrus—SR22, this aircraft
will cost you more than crore as it is high end
and luxurious piston engine aircraft equipped
with emergency Parachute system.
view the manufacturing date ,total engine flying
hour and aircraft usage.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 5 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
TURBINE (JET) ENGINE AIRCRAFT is flown at a high
altitude because; it burns less fuel for a given airspeed
than it does for the same speed at a lower altitude. In
other words, the airplane is more efficient at a high
altitude. In addition, bad weather and turbulence can
be avoided by flying at higher altitude.
At high altitude, we know oxygen percentage in air is
very less, insufficient for breathing, still we breathe a
clean air comfortably without causing problems to our
health. This become possible because of pressurization
of aircraft, were pressurized (compressed) air is
pumped inside the cabin. Source of compressed air for
pressurization is bleed air extracted from the
compressor stage of a turbine engine. (In compressor
stage, atmosphere air is compressed)
Greater the pressure difference between cabin and
atmosphere, greater will be the pressure on struc-
ture. For example, if cabin pressure is 12 psi (Pounds
per square inch) and outside atmosphere pressure is
3 psi then structure will have to withstand a
differential pressure of 9 psi. To be clear, one square
inch area of aircraft structure will have to withstand
weight of 9 pounds. (Around 4.1 kg weight).
Therefore it is necessary to construct an aircraft
body capable of containing air under pressure, yet
be light enough to allow profitable loading.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 6 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
Pressurization and Cabin Air
Problem associated with pressurization of aircraft is in
the design, manufacturing and selection of structural
material which will withstand the great differential in
pressure that exists between the cabin and outside
atmosphere of a pressurized aircraft.
When aircraft is pressurized it is like a balloon, cabin
air pressure is more than outside atmosphere
pressure, it tries to move out of cabin, hence cabin
are sealed which causes air to exert pressure on
aircraft structure.
If an emergency landing is necessary, as the airplane
descends, the pilots slowly depressurize the airplane,
so the doors can open immediately after the airplane
touches down. Emergency exits are designed to open
once an airplane has landed.
AIRCRAFT are equipped with environmental control
systems (ECS) that are designed to maintain a safe,
healthful, and comfortable environment for
passengers and crew. The ECS regulates cabin
pressure, ventilation, temperature, and humidity .
Bleed air temperature from compressor of gas
turbine is around 150 °C, such a high temperature air
cannot be used in cabin, therefore The Cold Air Unit,
or "Air-conditioning pack" is usually an air cycle
machine (ACM) cooling device part of ECM is used to
cool the Bleed air.
Bleed air from the engines is directed into an air to air
heat exchanger. On same principle of household air
conditioner, Bleed air is cooled below outside
atmosphere air ambient temperature.
On nearly all modern jetliners, the airflow is
approximately 50% "outside air" and 50% “filtered
recirculated air”. “High-efficiency particulate air or
HEPA is a type of air filter is used modern airliners to
reduce the spread of airborne pathogens in
recirculated air.
HEPA filters remove at least 99.97% of airborne
particles of 0.3 micrometers (µm) in diameter.
Low cabin humidity has benefits of preventing the
growth of fungus and bacteria, but still cabin
humidity level is also maintained to an optimum level
because long exposure to low humidity can cause
some health issue like drying of the eye, skin and
causes dehydration, fatigue and other health issues.
NEXT TIME IN FLIGHT, we feel, when you will be explaining confidently your fellow passenger about the
clean cabin air or removing their fear of door getting open in mid-flight, our aim behind starting E-
Magazine will be achieved.
You could try with the opening mechanism as much
as you like, but you would ultimately be
unsuccessful.
The air can now be combined in a mixing chamber
with a small amount of non-conditioned engine bleed
air for a desired cabin temperature and then the air is
vented into the cabin.
It doesn’t use the Freon gas like in our household
air-conditioner; it uses outside atmosphere air, its
temperature very low (less than zero degrees
Celsius).
www.RisingSunIndia.in 7 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
Can an airplane door open in mid flight ?
Environmental Control System
NEVER keep a doubt in your mind of door getting
opened during flight. Due to differences in air
pressure, it is usually not in fact possible to open an
airplane door during flight at normal cruising
altitudes, despite, movies has made quite a few
thrillers through the years depicting people getting
sucked out of airplanes. It's some people's worst
nightmare.
This goes for all doors of an aircraft, including
emergency exit and main doors.
“AIRPARK” this name is new to you, but in USA it is the common name for Piston Engine aircraft owner.
Airpark is a residential place where people have their own hanger to park their aircraft and have common
airstrip, so whenever they want to go any part of USA, they get into the aircraft parked in their hangar reach
to their destination. In India, it is like living with their car.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 8 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
Air Park
In USA, many people own Piston Engine aircraft
and they use aircraft for their everyday life,
therefore many prefer to live with their aircraft.
Flying has become their part of life, flying aircraft is
really a common thing and most pilots clothes are
T-shirt and jeans or shorts, their attitude is like
they are driving a car, Unlike in India where pilot
are very stylish and never forget to wear their
typical aviator sunglasses, therefore “Airpark” or
Airport Homes were developed to meet the need
of growing Piston Engine aircraft owner and pilots.
Amenities are also a value added. Everything from
golf course, health club, sports club to equestrian
centers and many more can be can be found in
airpark, it proves a perfect destination for those
who wants to live in aviation community.
Aircraft maintenance personnel, Flight instructor
are also handy and aviation fuel is always available
in airpark.
This allows people to visit Airpark which are located in
tourist destination, where people can also hire the
aircraft and airpark homes during weekend.
Also, friends and relatives who also owns aircraft, fly
their aircraft to the common airpark and spends their
weekend or holidays together, like in India, we do this
things with our car. This is the lifestyle which people in
USA live.
Spruce Creek Fly-In, considered one of the USA’s
premier airparks, is located in south of Daytona Beach,
Florida.
It covers area of 1250 acres and has 4000 feet lighted
runway with GPS approach at the heart the airpark and
has 14 miles of taxiways that enable aviation
enthusiasts to taxi directly to their hangar homes.
Airparks are all over the USA. Every one unique, with
their own special charm.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 9 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
Many people from foreign country are investing in
this airpark, who are frequent traveler to USA. Some
airpark are international airpark where many foreign
national have their home in airpark.
Airpark plays also important role in development of
aviation, as people are more close to their aircraft and
lives in aviation community, this promotes lots of
aviation related activities like airshows, new
innovation with aircraft, restoration of aircraft, flying
school (aerobatic training), RC model aircraft project
and generation to generation are involved with
aviation.
In Future, such type of aviation lifestyle may be
started in India, as rate of doing work will increase
and a need for new lifestyle (like nowadays luxurious
car example: BMW, Audi usage has increased) will
promote Piston Engine powered aircraft usage and
surely airparks will be developed in India provided
that condition are made favorable to own and use of
small personal aircraft.
OUR COUNTRY has got number abandoned or unused airstrips which can be transformed into such
airpark where people can use this airpark as their second home to live with their aircraft.
www.RisingSunIndia.in 10 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
www.RisingSunIndia.in 11 Rising Sun E - Magazine - AUGUST ISSUE
For any queries related to our articles, please contact :- [email protected] , we will reply everybody
individually.
Free advertisement in Rising Sun E-Magazine, please contact :- [email protected]
For comments and feedbacks or wish to contribute aviation related informative articles with us, may
contact :- [email protected]
Our 1st issue of September will be released on 5th Sept, till then enjoy flying and aviation experience.
Rising Sun Team.
Thanks for Reading