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Avionics Session Moderated BY: Carey Miller Monday, March 21, 2016 | 3:30 p.m. – 4:45 p.m. International Operators Conference | San Diego, CA | March 21 – 24, 2016
Avionics Session
Moderated BY:
Carey Miller
Monday, March 21, 2016 | 3:30 p.m. – 4:45 p.m.
International Operators Conference | San Diego, CA | March 21 – 24, 2016
Agenda
• Carey Miller, Universal Avionics
– Basic Overview of FANS, DCL, ADS-B, & Link 2000+
• Mike Mitera, Chicago Jet Group/Kobev
– Data Link Issues and Testing Considerations
• Mitch Launius – Air Training International
– Waypoints, Half Degree and More
• Jeff Holt – Honeywell
– Using GPS in non-WGS-84 Airspace
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CNS/ATM Improvements
• Global Air Traffic Growing 4-5% per Year (IATA)
• Increase Airspace Capacity = Improved Aircraft Equipage and Ground Infrastructure
• Communication
– Domestic VHF voice Data Link
– Oceanic HF voice Satcom (both voice & data)
• Navigation
– Sensor-based (ex. Loc & GS) Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) – GNSS, RNP, RNAV
• Surveillance
– Radar ADS-B (higher update rate)
• Air Traffic Management
– Time-based operations Trajectory and Performance-based
FANS 1/AWhat is it?
4
• Provides Data Link Communication with ATC through Satcom (Inmarsat or Iridium) or VHF
• AFN Logon: Air Traffic Service Facilities Notification Logon
• Provides the air traffic service unit with aircraft information (ADS-C, CPDLC, Tail Number, ACARS Address, correlation with flight plan, etc.)
• ADS-C: Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract
• Provides digital automatic position reports to ATC
• CPDLC: Controller Pilot Data Link
• Provides digital communication for requests and intervention
Network
ATC
Satcom or VHF
FANS 1/ANorth Atlantic Mandate
5
• Approximately 1400 North Atlantic Track Crossings per Day and increasing (only 6% Corporate)
• Approximately 88% of all North Atlantic Track Crossings are FANS 1/A Equipped and increasing
• Current Separation 10 minutes in trail, 60 nm (1 degree) lateral and 1000ft vertical
• Approaching Airspace Saturation
FANS 1/ANorth Atlantic Mandate
• Primary Goal: Improved Safety
• Secondary Goal: Reduced Separation
• Reduced Longitudinal Separation Minimum (RLongSM)
– Proposed separation 5 minutes in-trail
– Provides aircraft the ability step climb for greater fuel efficiency
• Reduced Lateral Separation Minimum (RLatSM)
– Proposed separation 1/2 degree (30nm) lateral
• Both require approval for FANS (ADS-C & CPDLC) & RNP 4 (using GNSS)
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FANS 1/AToday’s FANS Mandate
Date Mandate Details
February 2015 “Phase 2A” Expanded FANS 1/A
Airspace
ALL NAT Organized Track System (OTS)
FL350-FL390 (inclusive and no exemptions)
Nov. 12, 2015 RLatSM in NATS (trials) Phase 1 Three center (most desirable) tracks will have a
½ degree track between them. RNP 4 required
Feb 4, 2016 MNPS Airspace Naming Will be called “NAT High Level Airspace”
Nov., 2016 RLatSM in NATS Phase 2 All OTS FL350-FL390 will have a ½ degree
track between them. RNP 4 required (except NY
FIR)
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FANS 1/ATomorrow’s FANS Mandate
Date Mandate Details
Dec., 2017* “Phase 2B” Expanded FANS 1/A
Airspace
FANS1/A required in all ICAO NAT region FL350-
FL390 (inclusive)
Jan. 30, 2020* “Phase 2C” Expanded FANS
1/A Airspace
FANS 1/A required in all ICAO NAT region FL290
and above. MNPS standards no longer apply.
Need RNP 2, 4, or 10 approval. RNP 4 required
for RLAT
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*Will not apply if surveillance is available by radar or ADS-B (essentially, the Blue Spruce Routes”)
*Will not apply if above 80 degrees North
*Excludes NY FIR until FAA Regulations are updated
FANS 1/AOperational Benefits
• Significantly Improved Communications
• Large quantity of HF traffic is no longer an issue
• Poor quality of HF is no longer an issue
• Language barrier is no longer an issue due to message set
• Deviation from Flight Plan Clearance can be Detected Sooner
• Lower stress on crew, resulting in Increased Safety!
• FANS CPDLC can now be used with the U.S Data Comm Data Link Clearance “DCL” program.
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CPDLC “DCL” BENEFITS
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• Provides a significant time savings vs voice operations
• Clearance can be changed until departure
• At busy airports, operators with DCL capability will be able to start engines and taxi much quicker than with voice
• Equipment and STC’s exist today
• Will be expanded to enroute operations
• High traffic airports are being added every week
• Letter of Authorization is not required
Site Name Site
ID
ARTCC
ID
IOC Site Name Site
ID
ARTCC
ID
IOC Site Name Site
ID
ARTC
C ID
IOC Site Name Site
ID
ARTC
C ID
IOC
Boise (Non-DCL) BOI ZLC 06/10/15 New Orleans MSY ZHU 01/21/16 Louisville SDF ZID 02/10/16 Newark EWR ZNY 02/12/16
KS 1: Salt Lake City SLC ZLC 08/07/15 Austin AUS ZHU 02/04/16 Cincinnati (Non-DCL) CVG ZID 03/10/16 J F Kennedy JFK ZNY 02/25/16
KS 2: Houston Intcl IAH ZHU 09/03/15 San Antonio SAT ZHU 02/19/16 Indianapolis IND ZID 03/07/16 La Guardia LGA ZNY 03/14/16
KS 3: Houston Hobby HOU ZHU 09/10/15 Los Angeles LAX ZLA 03/10/16 Columbus (Non-DCL) CMH ZID 03/11/16 Teterboro TEB ZNY 03/28/16
NAP – NAP Intgr Compl N/A ZLC/ZT
L
09/30/15 Las Vegas LAS ZLA 03/28/16 Memphis MEM ZME 04/04/16 Westchester HPN ZNY 04/11/16
San Diego SAN ZLA 04/11/16 Nashville BNA ZME 04/18/16 Philadelphia PHL ZNY 04/25/16
John Wayne SNA ZLA 04/25/16 Adams Field (Non-DCL) LIT ZME 04/21/16 Boston BOS ZBW 05/16/16
Burbank BUR ZLA 05/09/16 Denver DEN ZDV 05/09/16 Providence (non-DCL) PVD ZBW 05/31/16
Ontario ONT ZLA 05/23/16 Atlanta ATL ZTL 05/23/16 Bradley BDL ZBW 06/14/16San Francisco SFO ZOA 06/14/16 Charlotte CLT ZTL 06/07/16 Albany (Non-DCL) ALB ZBW 06/14/16
Oakland OAK ZOA 06/28/16 Piedmont (Non-DCL) GSO ZTL 06/07/16 Detroit DTW ZOB 07/06/16
San Jose SJC ZOA 07/13/16 Jacksonville JAX ZJX 06/28/16 Cleveland CLE ZOB 07/20/16
Sacramento SMF ZOA 07/27/16 Orlando MCO ZJX 07/13/16 Pittsburgh PIT ZOB 08/03/16
Reno (Non-DCL) RNO ZOA 07/27/16 Miami MIA ZMA 08/03/16 Buffalo (Non-DCL) BUF ZOB 08/03/16
Phoenix PHX ZAB 08/17/16 Ft Lauderdale FLL ZMA 08/17/16 Balt/Wash BWI ZDC 08/24/16
Albuquerque ABQ ZAB 08/31/16 Tampa TPA ZMA 08/31/16 Dulles IAD ZDC 09/08/16
El Paso (Non-DCL) ELP ZAB 08/31/16 Palm Beach PBI ZMA 09/15/16 Reagan DCA ZDC 09/22/16
Seattle SEA ZSE 09/22/16 San Juan (Non-DCL) SJU ZMA 09/15/16 Raleigh/Durham RDU ZDC 10/06/16
Portland PDX ZSE 09/22/16 St Louis STL ZKC 10/06/16 Andrews (Non-DCL) ADW ZDC 10/06/16
Dallas Love DAL ZFW 10/13/16 Kansas City MCI ZKC 10/20/16 Chicago Midway MDW ZAU 10/27/16
Dallas FTW DFW ZFW 10/27/16 Tulsa (Non-DCL) TUL ZKC 10/20/16 Chicago O’Hare ORD ZAU 11/10/16
Will Rogers (Non-DCL) OKC ZFW 10/27/16 Minn-St Paul MSP ZMP 11/10/16 Milwaukee (Non-DCL) MKE ZAU 11/10/16
Honolulu (Non-DCL) HNL 11/03/16 Eppley Field (Non-DCL) OMA ZMP 11/10/16
Anchorage (Non-DCL) ANC 11/10/16
Key Sites Group A Group B Group C
TDLS Sites Color Key
CPDLC DCL Site
Enhanced PDC Only Site
Site Operational
Data Communications – Tower Implementation
• Waterfall reflects challenge schedule dates (calendar year)̶ Baseline schedule Tower deployment dates are 2016-2019
• Status as of March 11, 2016
FANS 1/AGuidance Material
• FAA Data Link Website
– http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/service_units/enroute/oceanic/data_link/
– AC 120-70C - Operational Authorization Process
– AC 20-140A – Data Link System Design Approval
– Data Link Approval Checklist
– Operator Guide to Data Link Approval
– GOLD – Global Operational Data Link Document, Rev. 2
• ICAO Document developed for operators and air traffic service providers as a global standard
• Operators should review Chapter 1, 2, 5, & App E
– AC 91-70A – Oceanic and International Operations
– New York CPDLC NOTAM (31 May, 2006)
– Data Link News – non-FAA site with good data link Information
• Be aware the link name might be different than the actual document title and file name
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FANS 1/AHow Do I Get It?
• Install FANS 1/A equipment under STC or OEM Service Bulletin (AC 20-140b)
– WAAS FMS Update (required by most solutions)
– Communications Management Unit (Unilink)
– Annunciator “cube” or integrated into displays
– Aural Alert
– Data Capable CVR Required (AC 20-160)
– Level “D” Satcom system
– Letter of Authorization from the FAA
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What is ADS-B Out?
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast
– Cornerstone of the U.S. NextGen initiative
– Provides more information, with less delay to ATC than traditional radar
– Eliminates costly radar sites
– Allows for reduced separation
• Mandated in the U.S. by January 1st, 2020
• European mandate is June 7th, 2020
• Already required in Australia and other countries
• Essentially, required if flying above 10,000 ft and/or around airports with a control
tower
Will This Mandate Slip?
Federal Aviation Administration
June 25, 2014 Statement of Michael G. Whitaker, FAA Deputy Administrator before the
Senate Committee on Commerce, Subcommittee on Aviation on NextGen: A Review of
Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities for Improving Aviation Safety and Efficiency:
• “Let me be very clear. The 2020 deadline is not going to change. We are in a
position to achieve this important milestone on time. The cost of equipment has come
down considerably. There is sufficient maintenance capacity to allow all equipage to
occur – in fact, waiting to equip might cost more if aircraft owners crowd repair stations
to get the work done on the eve of the deadline.”
ADS-B Out
Are you considering complying with this mandate closer to January 1st, 2020?
– There are only ~ 990 working days until the mandate (as of 3-15-2016)
– Avionics manufacturers are offering incentives to equip today
– Avionics installation facilities have capacity today
– Engineering firms and Certification Agencies have capacity today
Still Considering Waiting?
ADS-B Out - Compared to RVSM
• RVSM mandate in 2005 affected only ~ 6,500 corporate aircraft (excluded most turboprops)
– Corporate fleet RVSM installation effort took approximately 36 months (24 months before and 12 months after) or around 180 per month
– Capable avionics shops were full
– Some operators flew below 29,000 feet until they were able to equip
• ADS-B, comparable installation complexity and downtime
– Corporate aircraft consist of ~ 18,500 (jets and turboprops-Amstat May 2015) that will have to equip
– At the same rate, installations should have started in:
April 2011
– At a rate of 360 aircraft per month, installations should have started in:
October 2015
ADS-BDifferences from RVSM
The FAA is prepared as compared to RVSM
Operators will essentially be “grounded” until they
comply
LINK 2000+Summary of Requirements
• Applies to all IFR aircraft flying in European airspace above
FL285
• Applicable to new and retrofit aircraft in Feb 2020
• Required aircraft capabilities:
– CMU with VDL Mode 2 Radio
– Link 2000+ Message Set (ATN-B1)
– WAAS FMS (UASC Aircraft)
• Meets ADS-B accuracy requirement by 2020
• WAAS/LPV will be the next big push in EU
• ANSPs must implement ground systems
before February 5th, 2018 in the Link Region
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• When do you plan on equipping your fleet to comply with the ADS-B Out
Mandate? (no wrong answer)
– 1. 2016
– 2. 2017
– 3. 2018
– 4. 2019
– 5. Never – Sending aircraft to the bone yard
– 6. I don’t know
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