DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 261 237 CE 042 464

TITLE Avionics. Progress Record and Theory Outline.INSTITUTION Connecticut State Dept. of Education, Hartford. Div.

of Vocational-Technical Schools.PUB DATE 84NOTE 89p.PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052)

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.*Aerospace Education; Aerospace Technology; *AviationTechnology; Behavioral Objectives; Check Lists;Communications; Competency Based Education; ComputerScience; Electricity; *Electronics; *EquipmentMaintenance; Equipment Utilization; Guidelines; JobSkills; Measurement Equipment; MeasurementTechniques; Navigation; Postsecondary Education;*Power Technology; Programing; Radio; Recordkeeping;Secondary Education; Student Records

ABSTRACTThis combination progress record and course outline

is designed for use by individuals teaching a course in avionics thatis intended to prepare students for employment in the field ofaerospace electronics. Included among the topics addressed in thecourse are the following: shop practices, aircraft and the theory offlight, electron physics, fundamentals of electricity, Federalaviation regulations, technical math, graphics, electrical circuitsand systems, aircraft static and vacuum systems, aircraft pilotsystems, semiconductor devices, power supplies, radios and radiotransmission, test equipment and precision measurements, electronics,computers, computer programming, microprocessors, motors andgenerators, aircraft communication, navigation, flight controlsystems, and turbulence and flight collision avoidance. In additionto the theory outline, which includes space for recording informationconcerning the scheduling and presentation of the lesson material,this record book allo contains a list of course objectives and a gridfor use in recording the individual student's mastery of eachspecific skill taught in the course. (MN)

************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made *

* from the original document. *

***********************************************************************

PROGRESS ,IECORD

AND

THEORY OUTLINE

AVIONICS

DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL SCHOOLS

CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

1983-1984

U.S. DEPARTMENTOF EDUCATION

NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF EDUCATION

E0 CATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION

CENTER (ERIC,Tho document has been reproducd asroved from the

oerson of orginizahonongetahno ItLtno changes

hart boon mods al it wovereproduction qual/te

Pants of inaw Or °mons statedin the doc umerit do not nweisanly

'foment oNclaP.VIEpose on or poky

"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

I

I

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC),"

PREFACE

The objective of this Assignment Book is to

reduce unnecessary paperwork on the part of the

shop instructor.

The Avionics Assignment Book accomplishes this

by increasing the instructor's ability to plan and

organize in advance and in keeping student records

together and up to date.

A list of preferred hands-on exercises and

experiments is included to be used at the discretion

of the individual instructor.

This outline is not to be construed to be

inflexible as to the material content or order of

presentation.

GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES

Avionics is a program designed to,rovide vocational preparation forentry into the highly technical fieldof Aero-Space Electronics.

It provides both the theoretical back-ground and the practical skills ofservicing, installation, adjustments andtroubleshoot:mg techniques.

The course will develop in the studentskills that are necessary to enter theAvionics field at the trainee level.

The program prepares the student for theFederal Communication Commission's GeneralRadio-telephone Licensing examination.

- 2

4

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

The student should be able to:

1. Demonstrate good safety practicesat all times.

2. Use common hand pools and powertools of the trade.

3. Use basic electron:: instruments.

4. Apply theories of electricity,electrostatics, electron physics,and magnetism.

5. Demonstrate elementary directcurrent circuits and their pro-tective devices.

6. Demonstrate basic knowledge ofaviation wiring practices andinstallation procedures.

7. Demonstrate a basic knowledge oftechnical math associated withAvionics.

8. Demonstrate a basic knowledge ofdrafting fundamentals, schematics,blueprints, and wiring diagramsassociated with Avionics.

9. Know Avionic definitions andabbreviations including FAR Part 1.

10. Demonstrate a knowledge of basicalternating current, inductance,capacitance and resonance.

11. Use basic semiconductor andintegrated circuit fundamentals.

12. Demonstrate a basic knowledge ofaviation flight instruments.

13. Demonstrate a knowledge of air-craft electrical power generationand distibut )n.

14. Demonstrate a knowledge offundamental electronic circuits.

3 5

15. Demonstrate a knowledge offundamental digital circuits.

16. Demonstrate a knowledge offundamental microprocessorcircuits.

17. Demonstrate a knowledge offundamental microprocessorinterfacing.

18. Demonstrate a knowledge ofoperation of aviation typereceivers and transmitters.

19. Demonstrate a basic knowledgeof operation of aircraftelectronics navigation devices.

20. Demonstrate a bay is 'ulowledge ofoperation of aircraft pulse andmicrowave systems.

21. Apply FAR PART 43.

22. Apply FCC regulations in regardto aviation.

23. Demonstrate a knowledge ofaircraft flight control systems.

24. Demonstrate knowledge of emergencylocation transmitters.

25. Demonstrate knowledge of VLF, LFand Loran Navigation systems.

26. Demonstrate knowledge of TurbulanceAvoidance Systems.

27. Demonstrate knowledge of Avionictransmission lines and antennasystems.

28. Demonstrate knowledge of air trafficcontrol procedures for both VFR andIFR Flying.

Strip wire

Make splices

Make wiring harness

Solder

Make wireconnectionsUse basic sheetmetAl tools

_ --

Use hand powertools

ti, Make crimpconnections

1

Generate staticelectricity

Identify sourcesof electricity

Measure volta:es

Wire simplepircuits

Measure resistance

Read resistorcolor code

I

a'

I

Install fuses

Install circuitbreakers

Install Amp Meter

9 10

t:f 0

H7'70 0Mta

Wire seriesritrwirq

Wire parallelorruir.Wire seriesparallP1

Read voltmeter

Read ammeter

Read ohmmeter

Read multimeter

Read loadingeffects

11 12

HC3CH1-3cn

Identify cells

Wire batterycircuits

Charge

Test

1

03

Identify magneticfields and pobConstruct electro-magnetDetermine magneticPolarity

13 14

Identify symbols

Make simpledrawings

Trace circuits

Develop schematics

1

1/4c)

Cut off stock

Bend stock,

Make folds

___.Fasten components/screws

Drive rivets

15 16

Use layout ink

_ADubler_RiateFabricate antenna

Fabricate audioswitch panelLayout basicinstrument panelMake instrumenthole template

1

r0I

Select and installprotective devices

Size cable

Clamp cable

Lace cable

Install solderlessennnentnrs

1718

HWC-1

H

H

HH0z

1-4

rnH 0

cnHHztjcn C-4H

H")

HHO

O

Solder connections

Mount terminalcrripqInstall and removecrime 'ins

Pot

11HM pzIH n

rl9Hhltri0 t"'Z tri0e. H

Install switches 00 74

H0 C)rt

0.,...." (f)

"4mHM

1

Bond

Shield

Make aircraftelectrical groundconnections

19

IMIN...

20

,

Generate A.G.voltage

Calibrate scope

Read voltage

Measure frequency

Calculate phasemeasurement

I-.

tv

i

Identify character-istics of inductorsConnect inductorsin seriesConnect inductorsin parallel

ConnecttrancfnrmprsMeasure R.L.impedance

2122

C)

Measure R.L. timeconstantsDemonstratesaturable reactorsCalculate induc-tance measurements

r(.0

Ident. characteristics of capacitanc=cConnect capacitors ;

in series cF

Connect capacitors 5

in parallelc

Measure R.C.impedance

Read color code

' Inspect capacitor

Measure R.C. TimeConstants

.

Identify seriesresonance circuitIdentify parallelresonance circuitIdentify filtercircuitsDetermine resonantfrequencyDetermine bandwidth

Measure diodecharacteristics

Ident. transistors

Trace curves

Wire transistorcircuits (CE.GB.CC)Measure transistorbias

25 26

Measure biasstabilization

mXXH

o3HoPJm

IC;

o0rt

rim<Hnmm

Field effecttransistorUnijunction

transistor

Photo transistor

Photo diode

Tunnel diode

SCR

TRIAC

Zener diode

Thermistor

27 28

29

Mount wire circuitconnectionsRemove solderedchi from PC board

Make input-outputrhprks

Ident. I.C. types

30

Half waverectifiers

Full waverectifiers

Bridge rectifiers

Voltage doublers

Inverters

Filters

Regulator circuits

I-11

Construct transist-nr vnitava ampDemonstrate ampbiasing methods

Construct I.C. amp

Construct transist-nr power amp

3132

ro0

roro

Htrl

C")0zH7:1

C")H

,..__

Demonstrate coup-ling methods

Construct phasesplittersConstruct push/.ull am.

Construct compli-mentar out.utstage

Construct symmetryt lie out.ut sta:e

I-.

co

Construct R.F.amplifiers___,

.

Determine gain andfrequency responseof R.F. amp.

Construct I.F. amp

Deter. band width &gain of I.F. amp.

33 34

H0

00

rr

Audio FrequencyOscillator

P.F. Oscillator

I-,Determine wave1 n th of antennasTeststren

fthield

Install V.O.R.

- -

Install ADFantpnnnInstall glide

SO 'SO

L .

35 36

0 r.n0 HZ ZHCn DJ

1-3 <M

0r.n0Ht.

H07Jr.n

I I

>ZHZ

><M

17J00H0>1-3H0Z

Construct AM & FM ,]

transmitters

Tune and align v:

HIAMeasure modulation H

PJw

N.)0i

Construct AMupaziolat

Construct FMelirpt,

Align receiver

..

c

C

3'7 38

Demonstrate squarewave analysis ofamp i ier

Constr. neon relaxation oscillatorConstr. differentiators

Constr. integrators

1

Nt-,

Determine VOMlimitationsDetermine VTVMlimitationsDeter, solid stateVOM advantagesDeter. osciloscopeadvantagesMeasure R.F.generator

Deter, advantagesof frequencycounter tracecurves

39 40

z0zs

cnHzVI0H0

Meas. transmitterR.F. power output

Measure %,modulationOper. aviation VHFcommunicationgenerator

Oper. aviation VOR/LOC generator()per. aviationmarker receivergenerator

t.)I.>

Oper. aviation DMEgeneratorOper. aviationtransponder genera-tor

i

I

41 42

Dsaturatedemonstrate

switch

Construct inverterciuConstruct OR gate

Construct NOR gate. .

Construct NAND gat. .

Construct astablemulti-Vibratorcircuit

1111 Construct monosta e mu ti-vibrator circuit

Construct bistable1

.. r ir

Cemonstrate trig-.

. 1 e

43 44

c)0C1-3txi

CIHCICI

H1-3(/)

HRecognize0H

',1

Hz1-3

m0

Apply digital-integrated circuitsApply input-output devices

m

H0C.4

HHW

ZH20

I

I3Ps

I

For future use,dependent onavailable trainingequipment

0

c1-]

xv

4546

H0Pi0FTi

Pi00MMM0M.;.

Construct simpleOp Amp o

rom

Measure gain

Construct invert-ing circuit

Hoz

HP7i

HPC,

Construct non-el

Construct differ-- .

I

lit

Construct simpleD_C. generatorChart

. . oz

ozim

4748

Construct simpleD.C. motorsChartcharacteristics

Construct simpleA.C. generatorChartcharacteristics

49 5U

Construct simple--A.C. motorsChartcharacteristics

,Tune & adjustVHF transmitterTune & adjustVHF receiver

-.4

Tune & adiust ,

singlesidebandtransmitter

Tune & adjustsinglesidebandreceiver

5152

Mount wire,install and

>Hcomplete FAApaperwork on:

o

1.VHF transmitter1-3

02.VHF receiver

3 Singlesideband z'transmitter H0

>yH02M

SinglesidebandLr...eceimer

I

IN.)

CO -C0

M0.

5354

TUNE & ADJUST

1. Loran C

2. VOR

3. Glide Scope

4. Marker Beacon

5. Radar

6. Radar AltimeterIVV)

7. D.M.E.

8. Transponder

MOUNT WIRE, INSTALLAND COMPLETE FAAPAPERWORK ON:

1. Loran C

2. VOR

3. Glide Scope

4. Marker Beacon

5556

5. Radar

6. Radar altimeter

7. D.M.E.

8. Transponder

LA)0

Adjust auto-pilot

Adjust integratedfli ht s stems

-4

57 58

<7c1HOOpol

1-3171Ht-30z

0rt

MAJOR UNITS OF THEORY

I. ORIENTATION

II. SHOP PRACTICES

III. AIRCRAFT FAMILIARIZATION

IV. THEORY OF FLIGHT

V. ELECTRON PHYSICS

VI. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY

VII. FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS

VIII. TECHNICAL MATH

IX. GRAPHICS

X. D. C. CIRCUITS

XI. METERS

XII. BATTERIES

XIII. MAGNETISM

XIV. AIRCRAFT SHEETMETAL PRACTICES

XV. INSTALLATION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

XVI. A. C. FUNDAMENTALS

XVII. BASIC TRIGONOMETRY

XVIII. INDUCTANCE

XIX. CAPACITANCE

XX. RESONANCE

XXI. AIRCRAFT STATIC SYSTEM

XXII. AIRCRAFT PITOT SYSTEM

XXIII. AIRCRAFT VACUUM SYSTEM

XXIV. SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

XXV. OTHER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

XXVI. POWER SUPPLIES

XXVII. AUDIO AMPLIFIERS

XXVIII. RADIO FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS

XXIX. SINE WAVE OSCILLATORS

XXX. NON-SINOUSIDAL WAVEFORMS

XXXI. TRANSMITTERS

XXXII. RECEIVERS: AM AND FM

XXXIII. TEST EQUIPMENT AND PRECISION MEASUREMENTS

XXXIV. ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION

XXXV. FCC REGULATIONS

XXXVI. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

XXXVII. DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

- 31- 59

XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

XXYv

XXXXII.

XXXXIII.

XXXXIV.

XXXXV.

XXXXVI.

XXXXVII.

XXXXVIII.

XXXXIX.

L.

COMPUTERS

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING (SOFTWARE)

MICROPROCESSORS (HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE)

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

TRANDUCERS

MOTORS AND GENERATORS

AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS

AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION

PULSE AND MICROWAVE SYSTEMS

FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

TURBULANCE AVOIDANCE

FLIGHT COLLISION AVOIDANCE

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL PROCEDURES

- 32-60

THEORY OUTLINE

ORIENTATION

A. Occupational Analysis

1. Development of the Avionics Industry2. Employment opportunities3. Employment requirements and trade

practices4. Federal Aviation Administration5. Federal Communication Commission

II. SHOP PRACTICES

A. Care and Use of Common Hand Tools1. Saietv

B. Care and Use of Air and Electric PowerTools

1. Safety

C. Wire Stripping, Splicing and SolderingTechniques

1. Safety

D. Safety Around Aircraft

1. Propeller2. Fuel3. Jet intake and exhaust4. Helicopter blades and tail rotor5. Aircraft wing and tail surfaces6. Retractable gear

III. AIRCRAFT FAMILIARIZATION

A. Types

1. Fixed wing

a. Singleb. Multic. Gliderd. Ultra light

2. Rotor Craft

a. Helicopterb. Autogyro

3. Lighter than air

- 33- 61

z

z0U)cnr. 0

zPw

nc4

B. Construction

1. Metal2. Wood3. Fabric4. Fiberglass

C. Cockpit

1. Instrument panel2. Controls3. Cockpit safety

D. Power Plants

1. Piston2. TurboDron3. Turbine4. Safety

IV. THEORY OF FLIGHT

A. Aircraft Controls

B. Forces on Airplane in Flight

C. Load Factors and Safety

V. ELECTRON PHYSICS

A. The Nature of Matter

1. States and forms of matter

a. Moleculeb. Atomc. Compoundd. Element

B. Atomic Structure

1. Sub-atomic particles

a. Chargesb. Physical arrangement

2. Differences between atoms

a. Conductors and non-conductorsb. Stable :Ind unstable atomsc. Neutral atoms and ions

-34- 62

zaa.

z0cnCl) 0g

C:)

a

4141

A Cl)0

VI. FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY

A. Electrostatics

1. Law of charges2. Effect of distance on two charges3. Electrostatic fields

B. Dynamic Electricity

1. Sources2. Fundamental circuit factors

a. EIFb. Currentc. Resistanced. Power

3. Electrical units

a. Coulumbb. AIIPc. Voltd. Ohme. Wattf.

4. Use and care of meters

a. Safetyb. Volt meterc. Ohmmeterd. Ammeter

5. Fundamental Laws

a. Ohm's Lawb. Joule's Law

6. Simple circuits

a. Shortsb. Ovensc. Overloads

7. Resistance

a. Types of resistorsb. Power ratingsc. Effects of length, diameter,

material, temperatured. Circular mil foote. Wire tablef. Color codeg. Tolerance

VII. FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS

A. Part 1

B. Part 43

C. Part 65

D, Part 91

E. Part 145

VIII. TECHNICAL MATH

A. Signed Numbers

1. Addition2, Subtraction3. Multiplication4. Division

B. Power of Ten

1. Positive and negative exponents2. Common electronic prefixes

a. MEG, KILO, MILLIb. MICRO, NANO, PICO

3. Multiplication and division

C. Electronic Calculator

1. Multiplication2. Division3. Square roots4. Trig functions5. Memory

IX. GRAPHICS

A. Drafting Fundamentals

1. Aircraft electrical symbols2. Blueprints3. Wiring diagrams

X. D. C. CIRCUITS

A. Series Circuits

1. Definition2. Basic rules

- 36- 64

B. Parallel Circuits

1. Definition2. Basic rules3. Effects on opens and shorts

C. Complex Circuits

1. Definition2. Kirchoff's Law3. Superposition4. Bridge circuits

XI. METERS

A. Fundamentals of Meter MovementsB. D. C. Meter Circuits

1. Voltmeter circuits2. Ammeter circuits3. Ohmmeter circuits4. Single and multi-range5. Calculations of multiplier and

shunt resistors

C. Loading Effects

XII. BATTERIES

A. Cells

1. Primary2. Secondary

B. Types

1. Advantages2. Disadvantages

C. Use and Care

1. Charging2. Testing3. Connecting in series and parallel

XIII. MAGNETISM

A. Fundamentals

1. Magnet and non-magnetic materials2. Basic laws of magnetism3. Strength4. Magnetic fields5. Coulomb's Law6. Classification of materials

- 37 - 65

z

z0U)CDrs1 0Z

B. Electromagnetism

1. Definition2. Fundamentals

a. Strength and directionb. Left hand rule

XIV. AIRCRAFT SHEETMETAL PRACTICES

A. Tools

1. Floor and bench

a. Shearsb. Nibbling mac'iinec. Breaksd. Band sawe. Drill press

2. Hand air and electric power tcols

a. Drillsb. Screwdriversc. Sheetmetal shtzarsd. Sabre sawse. Grindersf. Rivet tools

3. Hand tools

a. Hammersb. Hand snips and shearsc. Malletsd. Punchese. Hand rivet setf. Chiselsg. Dividersh. Pliersi. Rulersj. Wire and sheetmetal gagesk. Hacksaw1. Scribem. Files

4. Riveting

a. Typesb. Rivet codec. Temper designationd. Installing rivets

- 38- 66

5. Riveting Practices

a. Sizesb. Spacingc. Number of rivets requiredd. Dimensionse. Bucking barf. Use of rivet gung. Sheet fastenersh. Removing rivets

6. Special Rivets

a. Needb. Types

XV. INSTALLATITI OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

A. Electrical System Requirements

1. 'eneral2. Protective devices3. Safety and emergency4. Electrical load

B. Electrical Wiring

1. Cable characteristics2. Cable size3. Current carrying capacity4. Requirements for open wiring5. Cable lacing6. Cable clamping7. Routing of electrical cable8. Electrical conduit

C. Connecting Devices

1. Cable terminals

a. Crimp terminalsb. Solder terminalsc. Advantages and disadvantages

2. Connectors

a. Solder connectorsb. Crimp connectorsc. Advantages and disadvantages

3. Electrical terminal strins

a. Solder typeb. Screw lug typec. Punch nip type

4. Potting

D. Switches and relays

E. Circuit protecting devices

1. Fuses2. Circuit breakers3. Over voltage cutouts

F. Bonding and sheilding

G. Wire identification

1. Adhesive tane2. Heat shrink tubing labels3. Hot stump labeling

H. Typical systems

1. Simple electrical systems2. Alternator circuits3. Battery and starter circuits

XVI. A. C. FUNDAMENTALS

A. Definition

B. Generation of AC

1. Lenz's Law2. Left hand rule3. Fundamental factors needed to

generate a voltage4. Factors determining the strength

of induced E.M.F.5. Terms

a. Cycle, alternation, periodb. Frequency, Hertz, wavelengthc. Instantaneous, peak, and adveraged. Phase angle

6. Introduction to Oscilloscopes

a. Basic operationb. Voltage measurementse. Frequency measurementsd. Lissajous patternse. Calibrationf. Phase angle measurements

-40- 68

XVII. BASIC TRIGONOMETRY

A. Angles

1. Definition2. Types

B. Triangle

1. Definition2. Types

C. Right Triangle

1. Definition2. Hypotenuse3. Pythagorean Thorem4. Trigonometric functions5. Problem solving

D. Vectors

1. Definition2. Use in electronics3. Problem solving

XVIII. INDUCTANCE

A. Inductance by AC

B. Lenz's Law

C. Impedance and reactance

D. Inductance in Series and Parallel

E. Mutual Inductance

F. R. L. Circuits, Series and Paralle2P

G. Power Factor

H. Time Constants

I. Q

J. Losses in Coils

1. D.C. Resistance2. Effective Resistance3. Radiation Losses4. Effect of coil shields

- 41 - 69

K. Transformers

1. Losses in transformers

a. Hysteresisb. Eddy currentsc. Copper lossesd. Flux leakage

2. Efficiency

a. Coupling

L. Saturable Reactor

XIX. CAPACITANCE

A. Definition

B. Theory of Operaticn

1. Unit of measurement2. Phase relation3. Reactance4. Dielectric constant

C. RC Circuits Series and Parallels

1. Impedance2. Power factor

D. Losses in Capacitors

1. Resistance losses2. Leakage3. Dielectric hysteresis4. Dielectric absorption

E. Time Constants

F. Capacitors in Series and Parallel

1. Total capacitance2. Working voltage

G. Types of Capacitors

1. Advantages2. Disadvantages

70-42-

Aw

A

eC 0A co

PEw

mu)

A a

aA

XX. RESONANCE

Ca q

zA 4.1

WqActin 0w

(1)

O Aa

A

"A

A. Series and Parallel

B. Vector Analysis

C. Q

D. Bandwith

E. Applications

1. Filter circuits

a. Highpassb. Lowpassc. Pi typed. Band passe. Band elimination

XXI. STATIC SYSTEMS

A. Static ports

B. Plumbing techniques

C. Instruments

1. Altimeter2. Vertical air speed3. Encoding altimeter4. Autopilot altitude hold chamber5. Air speed6. Alternate air source7. Required tests

D. Safety

XXII. PITON SYSTEM

A. Pitot tube

1. Function2. Pitot tube heat

B. Plumbing techniques

C. Instruments

1. Airspeed2. Flight directors

D. Safety

71- 43 -

XXIII. VACUUM SYSTEMS

A. Sources

1. Venturi2. Pump

At

B. Instruments

1. Attitude gyro2. Directional gyro3. Turn coordinator

C. Warning Indicators

1. Gauges2. Mechanical indicators3. Lights

XXIV. SEMICONDUCTOR FUNDAME1TALS

A. Introduction

B. Atomic Structure

C. Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors

D. Introduction to Crystals

E. Semiconductor materials

F. Current Carriers

G. The PN Junction

H. Diode Action

I. Introduction to Transistors

J. Manufacturing Process

K. Transistor

L. Forward and Reverse Bias

M. Comparison to Vacuum Tubes

N. Transistor Testers

1. Use and care of2. Limitations3. Transistor troubles

0. Transistor Curve Tracers

1. Use and care of2. Interpreting manufacturer's

specifications

- 44 - 72

P. Common Base Amplifier

Q. Common Collector Amplifier

R. Common Emitter Amplifier

S. Transistor Circuit Parameters

T. Transistor Bias Stabilization

U. Power Transistors

V. Other Transistor Types

1. FET2. Surface Barrier3. Unijunction4. MESA5. Enitaxial6. Photo

XXV. OTHER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

A. Photo Diodes

B. Tunnel Diodes

C. Silicon Controlled Rectifiers

D. Triacs

E. Zener Diodes

F. Thermistors

XXVI. POWER SUPPLIES

A. Half-wave

B. Full-wave

C. Bridge

D. Voltage Doublers

E. Positive and Negative Supplies

F. Filters

G. Voltage Dividers

H. Voltage Regulator Circuits

Voltage Regulator Devices

J. DC to AC Inverters

73-45-

XXVII. AUDIO AMPLIFIERS

A. Voltage Amplifiers

1. Basic operation2. Classes of oneration3. Coupling methods4. Biasing methods5. Response curve6. Distortion7. I. C. Amplifiers

B. Power Amplifiers

1. Purpose2. Output stages3. Tone controls4. Decibles

XXVIII. RADIO FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS

A. R. F. Losses

B. Functions of R.F. Amplifiers

C. Typical RF Amplifiers

D. Coupling methods

E. Shunt damping

F. Grounded base

G. Cascode

H. Cascade

I. Wire Band Amplifiers

J. Mechanical Filters

K. Crystal Filters

L. I. F. Amplifiers

XXIX. SINE UAVE OSCILLATORS

A. Oscillator Requirements

B. Oscillator Operation

C. Phase-shift Oscillators

D. Tickler-coil Oscillators

E. Colpitts Oscillator

F. Electron-coupled Oscillator

G. Tuned-grid, Tuned-plate Oscillator

U. Crystal Oscillator

74-46-

XXX. NON-SINOUSIDAL WAVEFORMS

A. Harmonics

B. Square Wave

C. Rectangular Wave

D. Wawtooth Wave

E. Triangular Wave

F. Trapezoidal Wave

G. Staircase Wave

H. Differentiated Waveforms

I. Intergrated Waveforms

J. Transients

K. Pulses

XXXI. TRANSMITTERS

A. Transmitters Requirements

B. Buffer Amplifiers

C. Frequency Multiplier Circuits

D. Transmi*ter Tuning

E. neutralization and Parasitic Suppression

F. Transmitter Keying

G. Amplitude Modulation

H. Frequency Modulation

Pulse Modulation

J. R-F Power Amplifiers

XXXII. RECEIVERS, AM and FM

A. General Requirements

B. TRF Receiver

C. AM Superhetrodyne Receiver

D. FM Superhetrodyne Receiver

E. Receiver Alignment

- 47 - 75

XXXIII. TEST EQUIPMENT AND PRECISION MEASUREMENTS

A. Introduction to Standardized Calibration

1. National Bureau of Standards

a. Measurement Nomenclature

1. Absolute2. Secondary3. Working standards

B. Basic Standards and Measurements

C. Operational Standards and Calibration

1. Volt-Ohm-Milliameter2. Vacuum tube voltmeter3. Solid state voltmeter4. L-C-R Measurements5. Oscilloscopes6. All purpose signal generators7. Aviation signal generators8. Tube and semiconductor testers9. Miscellaneous test instruments

XXXIV. ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAQATION

A. Electromagnetic Waves

1. Frequency Spectrum

B. Antenna Types

1. Longwire2. Whip3. Broadband4. Electronic

XXXV. FCC REGULATIONS

A. Licensing Requirements

1. Personnel2. Station

B. Performance Standards

1. Frequency tolerance2. Percent modulation

-48-76

z<..1cl

zaU,. .

N 2

AMzW

r=3

AP,dtg Mr:

AM

XXXVI. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

A. Introduction

B. Circuit Density

1. Medium scale integration (MSI)2. Large scale integration (LSI)3. Very large scale integration (VLSI)

C. Classification

1. Linear2. Digital

D. Types

1. Bipolar

a. TTLb. Schottkyc. ECL

2. Uninnilr

a. MOSb. HMOSc. PMOSd. CMOS

E. Physical Characteristics

1. Pin out

a. TO-5b. DIPc. Flat pack

2. Handling

a. Mechanicalb. Solderingc. Static

F. Circuit Characteristics

1. Maxium ratings2. Typical ratings

77

-49-

XXXVII. DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

A. Introduction

B. Basic Concepts

1. Number systems

a. Decimalb. Binaryc. Octald. Hexadecimal

2. Coding

a. BCD

1 . 8 4 2 12. Excess 3

b. Grayc. Hollerithd. ASCII

3. Arithmetic Functions

a. Binary additionb. Binary subtractionc. Binary multiplicationd. Binary division

4. Fundamental Rules and Laws

a. "OR" and "AND" logicb. Boolean Algebra Expressionsc. Inversion ("NOT") logicd. "NOR" and "NAND" logice. "EXCLUSIVE OR" logicf. Logic simplification

1. Karnaugh Map2. Veitch and Venn diagrams3. Demorgan's Theorem

C. Logic Circuits

1. "OR" gate2. "NOR" gate3. "AND" gate4. "NAND" gate5. "EXCLUSIVE OR" gate6. "NOT" gate7. Tri-state Buffer

78- 50 -

D. Logic Circuit Characteristics

1. Logic2. Power dissipation3. Transient Response4. Propagation time5. Fan-out

E. Regenerative Switching Circuits

1. Astable multivibrator (clock)2. Monostable multivibrator (one-shot)3. Bistable multivibrator (flip -floe)

a. T flip-flopb. RS and RST flip -flopc. Clocked RD flip-flopd. D flip-flope. J-K Flip-flop

F. Applications

1. Counters

a. Ripple counterb. Modulo 0c. Synchronousd. Up-downe. Preset and self-stoppingf. Ringg. Frequency dividers

2. Shift registers

a. Serial -Loadb. Parallel loadc. Shift left- shift rightd. Rotate left/righte. Arithmetic

3. Arithmetic Circuits

a. Adders

1. Half2. Full

b. Subtractors

1. Half2. Full

79

3. Adders as subtractors

a. Two's complementb. Sign bitc. Multipliersd. Dividerse. Serial addersf. Parallel adders

G. Converters

1. Digital/Analog (D/A)2. Analog/Digital (A/D)

H. Memories

1. Memory Types

a. RAM

1. Static2. Dynamic3. Bubble

b. ROM

1. ROM2. PROM3. EPROM4. EEPROM

2. Bulk Storage Devices

a. Magnetic

1. Core2. Tape3. Drum4. Disc

a. Floppyb. Hard

b. Mechanical

1. Punch card2. Paper tape

- 52-

80

PgAu)

XXXVIII. COMPUTERS

A. Introduction

1. Analog2. Digital3. Hardware4. Software

B. Terms and Conventions

1. Microprocessor vs Microcomputer2.. Stored program concept3. Computer words4. Word length

a. Byteb. Nibble

5. Baud rate6. Bi-directional busing

a. Tri-state buffersb. Timingc. Shared address and data bus

C. Basic Computer System

1. Block diagram

a. CPUb. Periperal devices

1. Definition (I /O)2. CRT display

. 3. Keyboard4. Memory5. Sensors6. Printers

D. Elementary Microcomputer

1. Microprocessor Unit (MPU)2. Memory3. Executing a program

a. Fetch phaseb. Execute phasec. Fetch/Execute a typical instruction

0U)W 0rzl

Z

XXXIX. INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING (SOFTWARE)

A. Introduction

B. Languages

1. Low order

a. Machineb. Assembly

C. Flow Charting

1. Purpose2. Symbols used3. Logical sequences

a. Straight-lipc programsb. Branching programs

1. Unconditional2, Conditional

XXXX. MICROPROCESSORS (HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE)

A. Introduction

B. Microprocessor Architecture

1. CPU Block diagram (Programming model)2. Characteristics3. Typical microprocessors

C. Instructio.i Set

1. Ad4ressiug Modes

a. Immediateb, Directc. Relatived. Inherent or impliede. Indexedf. Extended

2. Data Handling

a. Moving Data

1. Into CPU Registers2. Into memory locations3. Out of CPU registers4. Out of memory locations

b. Arithmetic operationsc. Logic operationsd. Stack operations

- 54 - 82

z. a

'.1

l.4

,,,z aEn NP4'aci

e. Condition Code or Flagregister operation

f. Branching

1. Unconditional2. Conditional3. Subroutines

a. Jump to Subb. Conditional jumpe. Nested subroutine

g. Interrupt',

1. Reset2. Non-mskable3. Retury from interrupt4. Interrupt request.5. Interrupt mask6. Wait for interrupt

h. Input-Output (I/O)

1. Input2. Output3. I/O Programming4. Program control of I/O5. Interrupt control of I/O

D. Interfacing

1. Fundamentals

a. Busesb. Tri-state logicc. MPU interface linesd. Instruction timinge. Timing of program segmentf. Data sheet

2. Interfacing Memory

a. RAM

1. Static2. Dynamic

b. ROMc. Configurations of RAM

1. 128-word by 8-bit2. 256-word by 4-bit

d. Connecting RAM to MPUe. Address decoding

- 55-83

z<a

Z Z A0 A rz) ril

cncn w Ptrii4,0 44044,4

?,'...1z Acn A a4

3. Interfacing with Displays

a. The 7-segment displayb. Driving the 7-segment displayc. Using an addressable latchd. Multiplexing displays

4. Interfacing with Switches

a. Interfacing requirementsb. A typical keyboard

5. The Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA)

a. I/O diagramb. PIA registersc. Addressing ne registers in the PIAd. Initializing the PIAe. Addressing the PIA

6. Using the PIA

a. Driving 7-segment displaysb. Decoding keyboardsc. Decoding a switch matrix

E. Troubleshooting Microcomputer Circuits

1. Trouble Symptom Analysis

a. Block diagramb. Diagnostic programc. Chip location guided. Schematic

2. Changing Chips

a. Extraction techniquesb. Insertion techniquesc. Static electricity precautionsd. Soldering precautions

3. Common Problems

a. Power Supply

1. Low or missing voltages2. Excessive ripple

b. Clock

1. No clock pulses2. Clock pulses out of phase

c. Defective busesd. Memory chips

- 56 - 84

AP

F. Microprocessor Applications

1. Transmitters2. Receivers3. Test equipment4. Navigation aids

a. RNAVb. DMEc. Transponderd. Loran Ce. Radar

5. Autopilot

XXXXI. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

A. Fundamental Circuit Theory

1. Operational model2. Symbols3. Idealized characteristics

B. Electrical Specifications

1. Minimum and maximum vs. typical2. Definitions

a. Rated outputb. Open loop gainc. Unity gain bandwidthd. Slew ratee. Full power response and settling timef. Voltage offsetg. Noiseh. Input and output impedancei. Common mode rejection

C. Linear Circuits

1. Inverting amplifier2. Non-inverting amplifier3. Voltage follower4. Mixers5. Current amplifier6. Differential amplifier

D. Digital Circuits

1. Comparator2. Inverting adder3. Non-inverting adder

- 57 - 85i

E. Special Applications

1. Voltage to current converter2. Current to voltage converter3. Constant current source4. Phase shifter

F. Generator Circuits

1. Free running multivibrator2. One shot multivibrator3. Ramp generator4. Triangular wave generator5. Saw tooth generator6. Voltage to frequenty converter7. Adjustable timer

4G. 555 Timer

1. Introduction2. Terminals3. Free running4. One shot5. Timer6. Programmable timer

XXXXII. TRALISDUCERS

A. Introduction

B. Motion Sensors

C. Force Sensors

D. Fluid Sensors

1. Pressure2. Differential-pressure3. Flow4. Level

E. Temperature Sensors

1. Fluid temperature2. Resistive3..Bimetallic4. Thermocounle5. Radiation pyrometers

86- 53-

F. Radiation Sensors

1. Light2. X-ray3. Radioactivity

G. Thickness Sensors

H. Proximity Sensors

I. Moisture-content Sensors

J. Density Sensors

K. PH Sensors

XXXXIII. MOTORS AND GENERATORS

A. D. C. Generators

B. A.C. Generators

C. D.C. Motors

D. A.C. Motors

E. Motor Controls

XXXXIV. AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS

A. VHF Transmitters

B. VHF Receivers

C. HF Transmitters

D. HF Receivers

E. LF Transmitters

F. LF Receivers

G. SSB

H. ELT

I. P.A. Syst msr

87...' -59-

aa.

Z0cncnril

Z0

-1

A

zw2g<

A a.

XXXXV. AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION

A. VLF Frequency / LF

1. Omega2. INS

B. Loran C

C. Inertial Guidance

D. Very High Frequency

1. VOR2. ILS

a. Localizerb. Glide Scopec. Marker Beacon

3. Area navigation

E. Magnetic Compass System

F. Directional Gyro

XXXXVI. PULSE AND MICROWAVE SYSTEMS

A. Radar Systems

B. Radar Altimeter

C. D. M. E.

D. Transponders

E. Encodering Altimeter

XXXXVII. FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS

A. Automatic Pilots

B. Altitude Gyros

1. Wing levelers2. 2 axis3. 3 axis

C. Integrated Flight Systems

1. Artificial Horizon2. Horizontal situation indicator

- 60 -88

I

XXXXVIII. TURBULANCE AVOIDANCE

A. Weather radar

B. Low Frequency Static Discharge

XXXXIX. FLIGHT COLLISION AVOIDANCE

A. Radio altimeter

B. Air to air

L. AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL PROCEDURES

A. History

B. Function

1. VFR2. IFR