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Vir Chakra is an Indiangallantry award presented for acts of bravery inthe battlefield. Award of the decoration carried with it the right to useVr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation (note the care to distinguish thisabbreviation from that for the Victoria Cross (V.C.). It is third inprecedence in the war time gallantry awards and comes after the ParamVir Chakra and Maha Vir ChakraEstablished by the President of India on 26 January 1950 (with effect

from 15 August 1947). The statutes were amended 12 January 1952 toreadjust the order of wearing as new decorations were established.The medal is 1-3/8 inch circular silver medal. A five pointed star, withthe chakra in the center, and, on this, the domed gilded state emblem.The decoration is named on the rim and suspended from a swivelingstraight-bar suspender. The decoration is almost always named anddated on the edge. Around a plain center, two legends separated bylotus flowers; above Vir Chakra in Hindi and in English. The ribbon is32 mm, half dark blue and half orange-saffron. Dark blue 16 mm, saffron16 mm.

Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use P.V.C. as apostnominal abbreviation.

The Ashoka Chakra is the peace time equivalent of the Param VirChakra, and is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or somedaring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice" other than in the face ofthe enemy. The decoration may be awarded either to military or civilianpersonnel and may be awarded posthumously. The award also carries acash allowance for those under the rank of lieutenant (or the appropriateservice equivalent) and, in some cases, a cash award. On the death ofthe recipient, the pension is transferred to the widow until her death orremarriage. By March 1999, the stipend stood at Rs. 1500 per month.Subedar Major Bana Singh of the EighthJammu and Kashmir Light

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Infantry was the only serving personnel of the Indian defenceestablishment with a Param Vir Chakra till the Kargil operations.

The medal was designed by Savitri Khanolkar (born Eva Yuonne LindaMaday-de-Maros to a Hungarian father and Russian mother) who wasmarried to an Indian Army officer, Vikram Khanolkar. This was donefollowing a request from the first Indian Adjutant General, Major General

Hira Lal Atal, who in turn had been entrusted with the responsibility ofcoming up with an Indian equivalent of the Victoria Cross by PanditJawahar Lal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of the Indian Union.Coincidentally, the first Param Vir Chakra was awarded to her son-in-lawLt Gen Surinder Nath Sharma's (ENC) elder brother , MajorSomnathSharma for his bravery in the Kashmir operations in November 1947. Hedied while evicting Pakistani infiltrators and raiders from the SrinagarAirport. This was when India and newly-formed Pakistan had the first warover the Kashmir issue.

The medal is a circular bronze disc 1.375 inches (3.49 cm) in diameter.

The state emblem appears in the center, on a raised circle. Surroundingthis, four replicas ofIndra's Vajra (the all-powerful mythic weapon of theancient Vedic King of Gods). The decoration is suspended from a straightswiveling suspension bar. It is named on the edge.

On the rear, around a plain center, are two legends separated by lotusflowers. The words Param Vir Chakra are written in Hindi and English.[2]Apurple ribbon, 32 millimetres (1.3 in) long, holds the Param Vir Chakra.The medal symbolizes Rishi Dadhichi, who had donated his bones to theGods for making Vajra. Some people claim that on back "It has an imageofShivaji's sword Bhavani on the other side", but that is a popular

perpetuated myth. The Indian General Service Medal (1947) whichcontained the Bhavani sword was withdrawn later

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Of the 21 awardees, 20 are from the Indian Army and one from the Indian Air Force. Grenadiers Regiment

have received the most number of Param Vir Chakras, with 3 awards, one each for the Indo-Pakistan 1965war, 1971 Indo-Pakistan war and the Kargil War. The Gorkha Rifles have also received three awards, with the1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment), 8th Gorkha Rifles and 11th Gorkha Rifles each receiving one.Number Name Regiment Date Place

IC-521 Major Som Nath Sharma 4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment 3-Nov-47B adgam, Kashmir

IC-22356 Lance Naik Karam Singh 1st Battalion, Sikh Regiment 13-Oct-48Tithwal, Kashmir

SS-14246 Second Lieutenant Rama Raghoba Rane Corps of Engineers 8-Apr-48Naushera, Kashmir

27373 Naik Jadu Nath Singh 1st Battalion, Rajput Regiment Feb-48Naushera, Kashmir

2831592Company Havildar Major Piru Singh Shekhawat 6th Battalion, Rajputana Rifles 17 July 194818 July 1948 Tithwal, Kashmir

IC-8497 Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria 3rd Battalion, 1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regime 5-Dec-61Eliz abethville, Katanga, Congo

IC-7990 Major Dhan Singh Thapa 1st Battalion, 8th Gorkha Rifles 20-Oct-62Ladakh, India

JC-4547 Subedar Joginder Singh 1st Battalion, Sikh Regiment 23-Oct-62Tongpen La, Northeast Frontier Agency, In

IC-7990 Major Shaitan Singh 13th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment 18-Nov-62Rezang La

2639885Company Quarter Master Havildar Abdul Hamid 4th Battalion, The Grenadiers 10-Sep-65Chima, Khem Karan Sector

IC-5565 Lieutenant-Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore 17th Poona Horse 15-Oct-65Phillora, Sialkot Sector, Pakist an

4239746Lance Naik Albert Ekk a 14th Battalion, Brigade of the Guards 3-Dec-71Gangasagar, Agartala Sector

10877 F(P) Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon No.18 Squadron, Indian Air Force 14-Dec-71Srinagar, Kashmir

IC-25067 2/Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal 17th Poona Horse 16-Dec-71Jarpal, Shakargarh Sect or

IC-14608 Major Hoshiar Singh 3rd Battalion, The Grenadiers 17-Dec-71Basantar River, Shakargarh Sector

JC-155825 Naib Subedar Bana Singh 8th Battalion, Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry 23-Jun-87Siac hen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir

IC-32907 Major Ramaswamy Parameshwaran 8th Battalion, Mahar Regiment 25-Nov-87Sri Lanka

IC-56959 Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey 1st Battalion, 11th Gorkha Rifles 3-Jul-99 Khaluber/Juber Top, Batalik sector, Kargil a

2690572Grenadier Yogendra Singh Yadav 18th Battalion, The Grenadiers 4-Jul-99 Tiger Hill, Kargil area

13760533 Rifleman Sanjay Kumar 13th Battalion, Jammu & Kashmir Rifles 5-Jul-99 Area Flat Top, Kargil Area

IC-57556 Captain Vikram Batra 13th Battalion, Jammu & Kashmir Rifles 6-Jul-99 Point 5140, Point 4875, Kargil Area

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The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) is the second highest military decorationin India and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presenceof the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. It may be awardedposthumously. Literally Maha Veer means extraordinarily brave.

The medal is made of standard silver and is circular in shape. Embossedon the obverse is a five pointed heraldic star with circular center-piecebearing the gilded state emblem of India in the center. The words"Mahavira Chakra" are embossed in Devanagari and English on thereverse with two lotus flowers in the middle. The decoration is worn onthe left chest with a half-white and half-orange riband about 3.2 cm inwidth, the orange being near the left shoulder.More than 155 acts ofbravery and selfless courage have been recognized since the inceptionof the medal. The most MVCs awarded in a single conflict was in theIndo-Pakistani War of 1971, when eleven were given to the Indian Air

Force.

Provision was made for the award of a bar for a second award of theMaha Vira Chakra, the first two being awarded in 1965. To date, thereare six known awards of a first bar: Wing Commander Jag Mohan Nath(1962 and 1 September 1965), Major General Rajindar Singh (19 March1948 and 6 September 1965), General Arun Shridhar Vaidya (16September 1965 and 5 December 1971), Wing CommanderPadmanabha Gautam (6 September 1965 and 5 December 1971[posthumous]), Colonel Chewang Rinchen (July 1948 and 8 December1971), and Brigadier Sant Singh (2 November 1965 and January 1972).

No second bars have been awarded. Award of the decoration carriedwith it the right to use M.V.C. as a postnominal abbreviation.

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National Bravery Award for Indian Children is given each year byGovernment of India[2] and Indian Council for Child Welfare (ICCW), toIndian children for meritorious acts of bravery against all odds.

The award is given to around 24 children below the age of 16. One oftwo coveted awards in this category are the Sanjay Chopra Award andGeeta Chopra Award instituted in 1978, in the memory ofChoprachildren who laid their lives while confronting their kidnappers, and aregiven to a boy and a girl respectively for acts of bravery.[3] The highestaward in the category is the Bharat Award, constituted in 1987, and theBapu Gayadhani Award was instituted in 1988. This award is equal tothe highest Military awards (equal to Chakra awards).

The Award

The award includes a medal, a certificate and cash award, the BharatAward winner gets a gold medal, while the rest get a silver medal.[4]

Further they are also given financial assistance to complete theirschooling, as a part of ICCW's sponsorship programme and professionalcourses such as medical and engineering, under the Indira Gandhischolarship scheme.[5][6]

In 2009, the Government of India announced reservation of some seatsin Medical and Engineering Colleges and Polytechnics for the winners ofthe award[7]

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There is need to disclose year wise information like - How Manynominations received - How Many nominations selected for awards

List of Awards

1. Bharat Award, since 19872. Sanjay Chopra Award, since 19783. Geeta Chopra Award, since 19784. Bapu Gayadhani Award, since 19885. National Bravery Award, since 1957

Ceremony

The awards are usually announced on 14 November, Children's Day or inJanuary following year, and later given by the Prime Minister of India, onthe eve of the Republic Day, and prior to this the President hosts a

reception in their honour, where the children meet the media.[8]

On 26January, the awardees take part in Republic Day Parade at Rajpath, NewDelhi.[3][9]

History

The origin of the award dates back to 2 October 1957, when India's firstPrime minister,Jawaharlal Nehru, was watching a performance at Delhi'sRamlila grounds, at the Red Fort, and a fire broke out in a shamiana(decorated tent) through a short circuit. Subsequently, Harish Chandra,a 14-year old scout, promptly took out his knife, and ripped open the

burning shamiana, saving lives of hundreds of trapped people; thisincident inspired Pt. Nehru initiate the awards, he asked the authoritiesto constitute an award to honour brave children from all over thecountry, and the tradition has continued hence,[10] and later HarishChandra became the first recipient of the award.[11] In 2001, acommemorative book titled 'Brave Hearts' was released featuring,features winners of the 1999 National Bravery Awards.[11]

The 2008 awards were given by Vice President, Mohammad HamidAnsari instead of the PM,[12] and for the first time the real name of a2008 award winner, 12-year-old Balloon seller 'Rahul' was withheld, as

he identified the men who planted bombs on Barakhamba Road in NewDelhi, during 13 September 2008 Delhi bombings, and helped policemake sketches of the suspects.[5] Amongst 21 bravery awards for 2009,included two posthumous awards; awards to three girls, Rekha Kalindi,11, Sunita Mahato, 11 and Afsana Khatun, 12, who revolted against childmarriage as they wanted to pursue education, resulting in their parentseventually respecting their wishes, and Thoi Thoi Khumanthem, a class II

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student of Manipur, who jumped into a five-foot-deep pond and rescuedfour-year-old Maison Singh from drowning.[13][14]

Selection

The selection for the award are made from the applications receivedfrom sources like the central/state government departments,panchayats, zilla parishads (district level govt. bodies), schoolauthorities as well as state and Union territory councils for child welfare.

Jury

The selection of the awardees is made by a committee constituted bythe ICCW, comprising representatives from the secretariats of thePresident and the Vice- President, various several Government Ministriesand Departments, as well as the Central Social Welfare Board, the Indian

Police, All India Radio, Doordarshan and leading NGOs such as theNational Bal Bhavan, SOS Children's Villages of India, RamakrishnaMission and senior ICCW members

Gandhi Peace Prize

The International Gandhi Peace Prize, named after MahatmaGandhi, is awarded annually by the Government of India.

As a tribute to the ideals espoused by Gandhi, the Government of Indialaunched the International Gandhi Peace Prize in 1995 on the occasion

of the 125th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. This is an annualaward given to individuals and institutions for their contributionstowards social, economic and political transformation through non-violence and other Gandhian methods. The award carries Rs. 10 millionin cash, convertible in any currency in the world, a plaque and a citation.It is open to all persons regardless of nationality, race, creed or sex.

A jury consisting of the Prime Minister of India, the Leader of theOpposition in the Lok Sabha, the Chief Justice of India and two othereminent persons decides the awardee each year.

Ordinarily, only proposals coming from competent persons invited tonominate are considered. However, a proposal is not taken as invalid forconsideration by the jury merely on the ground of not having emanatedfrom competent persons. If, however, it is considered that none of theproposals merit recognition, the jury is free to withhold the award forthat year. Only achievements within 10 years immediately preceding thenomination are considered for the award; an older work may, however,be considered if its significance has not become apparent until recently.

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A written work, in order to be eligible for consideration, should havebeen published.[1]

Gandhi Peace Prize Recipients

Year

Name Recipient Description

1995

Julius Nyerere[2] 1st President of Tanzania

1996

A. T. Ariyaratne[3] Founder ofSarvodaya Shramadana Movement

1997

Gerhard Fischer[4][5]

German diplomat, recognised for his workagainst leprosy and polio

199

8

Ramakrishna

Mission[6]

Founded by Swami Vivekananda for promoting

social welfare, tolerance, and non-violenceamong disadvantaged groups

1999

Baba Amte[7] [8] Social Worker

2000

Nelson Mandela(co-recipient)[9]

Former President of South Africa[10]

2000

Grameen Bank(co-recipient)[11]

Founded by Muhammad Yunus

200

1

John Hume[1] [12] Northern Irish Politician

2002

Bharatiya VidyaBhavan[13]

Educational trust that emphasizes Indian culture

2003

Vclav Havel[14][15]

Last President ofCzechoslovakia and firstPresident of the Czech Republic

2004

Coretta ScottKing[16]

Widow ofMartin Luther King

2005

Desmond Tutu[17] South African cleric and activist

The Order of precedence of the Republic of India is the protocollist[1] (hierarchy of important positions) in which the functionaries andofficials are listed according to their rank and office in the Governmentof India. The order is established by the President of India, through theOffice of the President of India and is maintained by the Ministry of

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rg/wiki/Muhammad_Yunushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Humehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Hume-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assemblyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Vidya_Bhavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize#cite_note-PIB_2004-01-02-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize#cite_note-PIB_2004-01-05-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coretta_Scott_Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coretta_Scott_Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_Kinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_precedencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_order_of_precedence#cite_note-rajyasabha-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)

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Home Affairs. It is only used to indicate ceremonial protocol and has nolegal standing; it does not reflect the India's presidential line ofsuccession or the co-equal status of the separation of powers under theConstitution.

Rank

Persons

1 President

2 Vice President

3 Prime Minister

4 Governors of states (within their respective states)

5 Former Presidents, Deputy Prime Minister

6 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Speaker

7

Former Prime Ministers, Cabinet Ministers of the Union, Leaders ofChief Opposition in the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, Deputy

Chairman ofPlanning Commission of India , Chief Ministers of States(within their respective states), Holders of the Bharat Ratnadecoration

8

Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and HighCommissioners of the Commonwealth of Nations accredited to India,Governors of states (outside their respective states), Chief Ministersof states (outside their respective states)

9Judges of the Supreme Court, Comptroller and Auditor General ofIndia , Chief Election Commissioner of India , Chairman ofUnionPublic Service Commission

10

Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha , Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha ,

Members of the Planning Commission, Deputy Chief Ministers ofStates, Ministers of State of the Union (and any other Minister in theMinistry of Defence for defence matters)

11Attorney General of India , Cabinet Secretary , Lieutenant Governors(within their respective Union Territories)

12Chiefs of staff holding the rank of full General or equivalent rank (AirChief Marshal, Admiral)

13Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary accredited toIndia

14

Chairman and Speakers of State Legislatures within their respective

States, Chief Justices of High Courts within their respectivejurisdictions

15

Cabinet Ministers in States within their respective States, ChiefMinisters of Union Territories and Chief Executive Councillor ofDelhi, within their respective Union Territories, Deputy Ministers ofthe Union

16Officiating Chiefs of Staff holding the rank of Lieutenant General orequivalent rank

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_(diplomacy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice-President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governors_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Ministerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers,_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Ministers_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Ratnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_(diplomacy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice-President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governors_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Ministerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers,_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Ministers_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat_Ratnahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Chief_Marshalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral

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17

Chairman of Central Administrative Tribunal, Chairman ofMinoritiesCommission (Wajahat Habibullah), Chairman of Scheduled Castesand Scheduled Tribes Commission (Rameshwar Oraon), Chief Justiceof High Courts outside their respective jurisdictions, Puissant Judgesof High Courts within their respective jurisdictions

18

Cabinet Ministers in States outside their respective States,Chairmen and Speakers of State Legislatures outside theirrespective States, Chairmen of Monopolies and Restrictive TradePractices Commission, Deputy Chairmen and Deputy Speakers ofState Legislatures within their respective States,

Ministers of State in States within their respective States, Ministersof Union Territories and Executive Councilor of Delhi within theirrespective Union Territories, Speakers of Legislative Assemblies inUnion Territories and Chairman of Delhi Metropolitan Council withintheir respective Union Territories

19

Chief Commissioners of Union Territories not having Councils ofMinisters, within their respective Union Territories, Deputy Ministersin States within their respective States, Deputy Speakers ofLegislative Assemblies in Union Territories and Deputy Chairman ofMetropolitan Council Delhi within their respective Union Territories

20

Deputy Chairman & Deputy Speakers of State Legislatures, outsidetheir respective States, Ministers of State in States outside theirrespective States, Puisne Judges of High Courts outside theirrespective jurisdictions.

21 Members of Parliament

22 Deputy Ministers in States outside their respective States

23

Army Commanders/Vice Chief of the Army Staff or equivalent inother Services, Chief Secretaries to State Governments within theirrespective States, Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities,Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Membersof Minorities Commission, Members of Scheduled Castes andScheduled Tribes Commission, Officers of the rank of full General orequivalent rank, Secretaries to the Government of India (includingofficers holding this office ex-officio), Secretary of MinoritiesCommission, Secretary of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled TribesCommission, Secretary to the President, Secretary to the Prime

Minister, Secretary to Rajya Saba/Lok Saba, Solicitor General ofIndia (Rohinton Nariman), Vice-Chairman, Central AdministrativeTribunal

24Officers of the rank ofLieutenant-General, Vice-Admiral or AirMarshal

25 Additional Secretaries to the Government of India, AdditionalSolicitor General, Advocate Generals of States, Chairman, TariffCommission, Charge d Affairs and Acting High Commissioners a

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pied and ad interim, Chief Ministers of Union Territories and ChiefExecutive Councillor, Delhi outside their respective UnionTerritories, Chief Secretaries of State Governments outside theirrespective States, Deputy Comptroller and Auditor General, DeputySpeakers of Legislative Assemblies in Union Territories and Deputy

Chairman, Delhi Metropolitan Council, outside their respective UnionTerritories, Director, Central Bureau of Investigation,

Director General, Border Security Force, Director General, CentralReserve Police, Director, Intelligence Bureau, Lieutenant Governorsoutside their respective Union Territories, Members, CentralAdministrative Tribunal, Members, Monopolies and Restrictive TradePractices Commission, Members, Union Public Service Commission,Ministers of Union Territories and Executive Councillors, Delhi,outside their respective territories, Principal Staff Officers of Maj.Gen equivalent, Speakers of Legislative Assemblies in Union

Territories and Chairman of Delhi, Metropolitan Council, outsidetheir respective Union Territories.[3]

26Joint Secretaries to the Government of India, Officers of the rank ofMajor-General, Rear-Admiral or Air Vice-Marshal

The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award in theRepublic of India. It consists of a medal and a citation and isawarded by the President of India. It was established on 2January 1954. It ranks behind the Bharat Ratna and comes beforethe Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. It is awarded to recognizeexceptional and distinguished service to the nation in any field,

including government service.

History

The award was established by Presidential decree on 2 January 1954.The Padma Vibhushan was originally established as the Pahela Varg(First Class) of a three-class "Padma Vibhushan" awards. However thestructure was changed in 1955 and there is no record of the awardbeing presented to recipients in the original structure. The award wassuspended between 1977 and 1980 and between 1992 and 1998.

As of the end of 2012, only 288 people have thus far been awarded thishonour.[1][2]

Medallion details

First medallion (1954-1955)

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The initial medal was a circular gold medal, 1-3/8 inches in diameter,with an embossed lotus flower in the center and the legend "PadmaVibhushan" above and a floral wreath below. The obverse side had theIndian state emblem with the legend Desh Seva (National Service)above and a lotus wreath below. No record exists to show whether this

design was used to present a medal to the awardees.

Second medallion (1955-1957)

In 1955, the badge design was altered to be a "mainly circular" 1-3/16-inch toned bronze badge with geometrical patterns. The center had alotus flower with four major petals embossed in white gold. Above andbelow this flower, the name of the decoration Padma Vibhushan wasembossed in silver-gilt.

Current medallion (1957-current)

In 1957, the badge design was retained but the material changed fromtoned bronze to burnished bronze.