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LEUVEN, BELGIUM MAY 24-25, 2011
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leuven, belgiummay 24-25, 2011
All rights reserved. No part of the publication may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means without written permission of the publisher.
© Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - Departement ESAT-SCD/OPTEC Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 bus 2446 B-3001 Heverlee (Belgium) AWEC2011 is jointly organized by :
Book of Abstracts of Airborne Wind Energy Conference 2011
Editors: Jacqueline De bruyn, Moritz Diehl, Reinhart Paelinck, Richard RuiterkampLayout: Reinhart Paelinck
ISBN 978-94-6018-370-6Wettelijk depot D/2011/7515/72
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book of abstracts
Welcome words Committees
Program Programintroduction May24-25 PosterSessions
Abstracts
List of participants
2 - 56
7 - 1178-91112 - 61Seeprogramforabstractpagenumbers
62 - 68
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WelcometoLeuven,welcometotheAirborneWindEnergyConference2011!
WearedelightedandhonouredtowelcomeyoutotheAirborneWindEnergyConference2011,inthehistoriccitycentreofLeuven.TheAWEC2011isthe2ndinaseriesofannualconferencesorganizedbytheAirborneWindEnergyConsortium,afteritsstartin2010inStanford,California.ThisisthefirsttimethattheAWECtakesplaceinEurope.Theconferenceisajointeffortofthecompany Ampyx Power, the Airborne Wind Energy Consortium and the Katholieke UniversiteitLeuven(K.U.Leuven),anditishostedintheIrishCollegeinLeuven.
TheAirborneWindEnergy (AWE)community is still young,butevenbefore the2010Stanfordconference had some history of international workshops. In recent years, for example, the“International Workshop on Modelling and Optimization of Power Generating Kites 2007” in Leuven,the “High altitude wind power conference 2009” in Chico or the “Kite Dynamics Symposium 2009” inDelftbroughttogetherincreasingnumbersofresearchers.Atalltheseandothermeetings,manycontacts, ideas and informal bonds emerged so that we can nowadays start to speak of a trueresearchcommunityonairbornewindenergy.
TheAWEindustryisinacrucialyear:afterFukushima,theworldismoreintensivelythaneverlookingforalternativestobothfossilfuelsandnuclearpower,toavoidthedifferentproblemsassociatedwiththem,andfinally,solarandwindpowerarewidelyrecognizedasrealisticalternatives.Thefore-seeableboominconventionalwindpower,which incontrasttoairbornewindenergy isatestedtechnologywithwell-knowninvestmentrisks,willcreateanovelenvironmentforAWEdevelopers.On the one hand, economies of scale will make the competition with conventional wind powerinstallationstougherandtoughereverymonth;ontheotherhand,agrowingoverallmarketforwindpowerwillalsoleadtomoreinvestmentinresearchanddevelopmentofnicheproducts.
welcome !
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AWE products might grow in one of these niches, with the potential to significantly extend theeconomicalscopeofwindpowerinparticularoff-shoreandinremotelocations.ItisagoodtimetobringtogetheratAWEC2011,closetheEuropeancapital,acriticalmassofscientists,entrepreneurs,investors,andpoliticalactors,thatareinterestedinshapingthefutureofairbornewindenergy.
Wehopethat, ina jointeffortoftheprogramandorganizingcommittees,wesucceededtoputtogetherallingredientsthatarenecessaryforanexciting,interestingandinspiringconference.
The local organization would not have been possible without the support of our sponsors andsupportinginstitutions.Inparticular,weacknowledgefinancialsupportbytheEuropeanResearchCouncil (ERC) via the project HIGHWIND, and by the Research Council of K.U. Leuven via itsOptimizationinEngineeringCenterOPTEC.WealsothankourindustrialsponsorsDSM,EnerKiteandEMCE.ThanksgotoAutodesk&Ecogoodforoffsettingallemissionscausedbythisconference.
ManythanksgotoalotofmembersofK.U.Leuven’sOptimizationinEngineeringCenter(OPTEC)and of the Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Departments of K.U. Leuven for their tirelessefforts,inparticulartoQuocTranDinh(presentationhardware),AttilaKozma(preparations),KurtGeebelen(citytour),MarioZanon(photography).Specialthanksgototheconferencesecretary,JacquelineDebruyn,aswellasthefinancialadministrators,ElsyVermoesenandJohnVos,notleastforthenumeroushourstheyspentwithansweringmanypeople’srequestsandspecialwishes,forhandlingthehotelreservationsandfororganizingthesocialevents.
Finally,wewouldliketothankthekeynotespeakersforhavingacceptedourinvitationsaswellastheacceptedtalkandposterpresentersforhavingmadepossibletocomposeaverypromisinghighqualityprogram,aswebelieve.EnjoytheconferenceandyourtimeinLeuvenanditssurroundings!
Onbehalfoftheorganizingandprogramcommittees,
MoritzDiehl,ReinhartPaelinckandRichardRuiterkamp
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LadiesandGentlemen,
On 28 September 2010, the German government adopted the Energy Concept for anenvironmentally sound, reliable and affordable energy supply. This is the first time that along-term,cross-sectoralEnergyConcepthasbeenagreedon.WiththisConceptwehavedrawnupanoverarchingstrategywhichmapsoutGermany’spathtotheageofrenewableenergies.Wewanttocoverourenergysupplymainlywithrenewableenergies,andwewanttouseenergyasefficientlyaspossible.TheEnergyConceptalsohelpsustopursueourgoalofsignificantlyreducinggreenhousegasemissionsinordertoreachourclimateprotectiontargetsandmitigateclimatechange.
By2020,theshareofrenewables infinalenergyconsumptionistoreach18percent,andthengraduallyincreaseto60percentby2050.A35percentrenewables’shareinelectricitygenerationisplannedby2020,an80percentsharein2050.
Technicalandtechnologicalprogressisessentialforthefuture.WewantGermanytorein-forceitsleadinthecompetitiontodevelopinnovativeconceptsforrenewableenergiesandenergyefficiency.
WindpowerisalreadycontributingconsiderablytoelectricitygenerationinGermany.Bytheendof2010,atotalof21,585windturbineswithaninstalledcapacityof27,204MWhadbeenconnectedtothegrid.Windpoweraccountsforthelargestshareofallrenewableener-giesintheelectricitysector.Itcoversaround6percentoftotalelectricityconsumptionandstatisticallyprovidedelectricitytomorethan10millionaveragehouseholds.Apartfromsmallniches,thethree-bladewindturbineisthemostcommonlyuseddesigntoday.
katherina reicheParliamentaryStateSecretary
attheGermanFederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,
NatureConservationandNuclearSafety
http://www.katherina-reiche.de
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Windpowerwillcontinuecontributingamajorsharetoelectricitysupplyinfutureaswell.Forthisreason,theFederalEnvironmentMinistry supports the expansion of offshore energy generationandthesettingupofhigh-capacityonshorewindfarms.Overthepastyearsotherapproacheshavealsobeendeveloped.
Here,powergenerationusingairbornesystemssuchaskitesseemsinteresting and promising. Studies from other countries haveshown that this technology holds interesting potential. I there-foreexpresslywelcomethatexpertshavecometogetherhereinLeuventostudythepossibilitiesofthistechnology.
So far, kite technology has mainly been researched outsideGermany. In future, these systems will be tested in Germany aswell.
Iamlookingforwardtohearingabouttheresults,alsowithaviewtointernationalcomparison. Iwishthisconferenceeverysuccessandanactiveexchangeofideasandexperience.
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Irish College Garden, Photo Credits: Yonatan Vaizman
organizing committeeJacquelineDebruyn1,MoritzDiehl1(chair),KurtGeebelen1,GuidoLütsch2,JohanMeyers1,ReinhartPaelinck1(co-chair),Richard Ruiterkamp3, Roland Schmehl4, Jan Swevers1 andKarorooBonbastar3
1K.U.Leuven•2NTSEnergie-undTransportsystemeGmbh•3AmpyxPower•4DelftUniversityofTechnology•5CaliforniaStateUniversity,Chico•6EnerkiteGmbh•7U.Stuttgart•8GermanEnvironmentMinistry,Berlin•9Kitenergysrl•10ETHZürich
program committeeCristina Archer5, Alexander Bormann6, Moritz Diehl1 (chair),WalterFichter7,PatrickGraichen8,MarioMilanese9,ManfredMorari10, Reinhart Paelinck1, Richard Ruiterkamp3 (co-chair)andRolandSchmehl4
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presentationsTheconferenceprogramconsistsofvariouspresentationtypes,allofthemplenary.Thisenablestheparticipantstoenjoytheworkofallpresenters.Thenatureofthereviewedabstractsallowedustomakeadistinctionbetweensocalled“project”-and“technical“presentations,aswellaspostersessionsforthereallytechnicaltopics.
Duringthetwodaysyouwillbeabletoattend:
• 5keynotesof40minutesduration,• 9technicalpresentationsof20minutes,• 14projectpresentationsof10minutes,• 2postersessionswith14contributions.
postersAllposterswillundergoacloseexaminationbythe“bestposter”-awardjury,sothehardworkof students/designerswillnotbeunnoticed!The jury consistsofAlexanderBormann,CorwinHardham,MarioMilanese,andDavidNorth.Thepostersessionsdonotonlyprovideacommunicationplatformtotheposterpresenters,butalsocreateamomentofextensivenetworking.
networkingOtherpossibilitiesforexchangingideaswithfellowconferenceattendeesincludetakingpartinthecitytourandwelcomereceptioninLeuven’stownhallontheeveningbeforetheconference,theconferencedinnerinthe14thcenturybuildingsofK.U.Leuven’sFacultyClubonMay24,andthecoffeeandlunchbreaks.Foryourconveniencewehavepublishedalistofparticipantsattheendofthisbookofabstracts,togetherwiththecontactinfoforeachperson.
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09:00 REGISTRATION+WelcomeCoffee
09:50 WelcomeWords
10:00 KEYNOTE Wubbo Ockels High Altitude Wind Power, from the Early Days until Today p. 13
10:50 MarioMilanese KitenergyTechnologyforOffshoreWindPlants p.1511:15 Coffee
11:35 CoreyHoule SwissKitePower-NovelWindEnergyExtractionTechnology p.1611:50 RolfLuchsinger TowardstheDesignofTwings p.1712:05 TiagoPardal Omnidea’sSystemforHAWE p.1812:20 AlainGoubau LTAWindTurbinesinMilitaryMarkets p.19
12:35 SandwichLunch
13:30 KEYNOTE Stephan Brabeck SkySails – Ship Propulsion by Automated Towing Kites p. 21
14:20 SimonBolten WindwardEnergyatTUMunich(copresenters: Patrick J. Lauffs, Michael Schölkopf) p.2214:45 AartDeWachter CurrentDevelopmentStatusoftheLaddermillKitePowerSystem p.2315:00 PosterIntroductions15:20 PosterSession1 (+Coffee) p.11 16:00 KEYNOTE Christian Egenhofer EU Innovation Policy p. 33
16:50 MoritzDiehl HighWind:Simulation,OptimizationandControl p.3417:05 DamienReardon PotentialforAirborneWindPowerinAustralia-Baseload? p.3517:20 GuidoLütsch HowHAWPwillParticipateattheMarketsforEmissionReduction p.3617:35 CarloPerassi ThreeYearsofWindOperationsWorldwideFinancing p.3717:50 HansGründel AssystemAirborneWindTurbine p.3818:05 DaveSantos TowardGigawatt-scaleKiteEnergy p.39
18:25 ClosingRemarksoftheDay
19:00 Gala Dinner at Faculty Club
may 24
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08:50 Welcome Words, day 2
09:00 KEYNOTE Corwin Hardham Advances in Crosswind Power Generation p. 41
09:50 AlexanderBormann Enerkite–WindEnergyRedefined p.4210:15 SörenSieberling RotatingPlatformforTakeoffandLandingofaTetheredAircraft p.43
10:40 Coffee
11:05 DavidOlinger AirborneWindEnergyResearchatWorcesterPolytechnicInstitute p.4411:30 PauliRautakorpi StableLying-EightOrbitsforKites p.4511:45 RolandSchmehl ModelingandSimulationofKitePowerSystems p.4612:00 UweFechner PerformanceFactorsofHAWPinPumpingOperation p.4712:25 HenryHallam ChallengesinGPSReceiverDesignforAirborneWindTurbineGuidance p.48 12:40 LunchBuffet 13:30 KEYNOTE David North Airborne Wind Energy Technology and Regulatory Gaps: p. 51 a NASA Perspective
14:20 JosephColeman DynamicAnalysis,SimulationandDesignofWinchforAWE p.5214:45 BruceWeddendorf DevelopmentoftheSkyWindpowerFlyingElectricGenerator p.5315:10 PosterIntroductions
15:25 PosterSession2 (+Coffee) p.11 16:15 UdoZillmann DoYouWanttoInvestinFlyingWindmills?ChallengesandPerspectives p.61
16:40 Panel Discussion WhataretheNextMilestonesforAirborneWindEnergy? 17:30 Closing Remarks + Poster Award Ceremony
17:45 Goodbye Coffee (+ Sandwiches for the Hungry Travellers)
may 25
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Painting Credits: Lamar Baker, Ezekial Saw the Wheel, 1943
poster sessions
In a one-minute presentation, poster presenters have the chance to introduce their topicsbeforethestartofthepostersession.Thistakesplaceinthemainauditorium.
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PauloAlexandreCardoso UnmannedPowerAirshipforAWEGenerationandDistributionJorisGillis&JanGoos ReversedPumpingforTetheredAirplanesinNo-WindConditionsPayamSabaeiFard TurbulencemodelaccuracyinCFDsimulationofverticalaxiswindturbinesAhmadHodjat PossibilityandUtilizationofFEGinIran+OneTechnologicalApproachReinhartPaelinck Take-offandLandingofBalancedKitesRolfvanderVlugt PerformanceandStabilityofInflatableTubeKitesMarioZanon TrajectoryExplorationforTetheredPlanes
JornBaayen TrajectoryTrackingControlofKitesDriesCosaert&KurtElst Designofawinch;modelling&controlofthetetheredflightofamodelairplaneAyatForzouandeh EffectsofAirfoilSelectionandDesignParametersonVerticalAxisWindTurbinesKurtGeebelen&MilanVukov FirstFeedbackControlTestsforFastFlyingTetheredAirplanesBorisHouska&JuliaSternberg NumericalMethodstoComputePeriodicandOpen-LoopStableOrbitsEdwinTerink EffectofDesignParametersontheFlightDynamicsofaKiteplaneJeroenVandersteen PositionandOrientationDeterminationofaManeuveringTarget(MHE)
p.24p.25p.26p.27p.28p.29p.30
p.54p.55p.56p.57p.58p.59p.60
Alexander Bormann Enerkíte (Industrial Sponsor) René Enter EMCE Winches (Industrial Sponsor)Guido Lütsch Autodesk (CO2 Neutrality Sponsor)Hans Plug DSM (Industrial Sponsor)Richard Ruiterkamp Ampyx Power (Co-Organizer)
poster session 1
may 24
poster session 2
may 25
sponsors - may 24 & 25
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wubbo ockels
Prof.Dr.WubboJohannesOckelsisaDutchphysicistandaformerESAastronaut.In1985heparticipatedinaflightonaspaceshuttle,makinghimthefirstDutchcitizeninspace.Hecurrentlyis aprofessor at the Institute forAppliedSustainableScience,EngineeringandTechnologyatthefacultyforAerospaceEngineering,DelftUniversityofTechnologyandthedrivingforcebehindthe“Laddermill”,amongavarietyofotherprojects.
WubboOckelswasbornMarch28,1946, andobtainedhisMScdegree in1973and subse-quentlyaPhDdegreeinphysicsandmathematics in1978fromtheUniversityofGroningen.HisthesiswasbasedonexperimentalworkattheNuclear-physicsAcceleratorInstitute(KVI)inGroningen.
Photo Credits: T.U.Delft Kitepower
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wubbo ockelsDelftUniversityofTechnology,Faculty of Aerospace Engineering
ASSET Institute
Kluyverweg12629HSDelft
TheNetherlands
[email protected]://www.lr.tudelft.nl/asset
high altitude wind power, from the early days until today
W.Ockels,ASSET Institute, TU Delft
The TU Delft Institute for Applied Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology, ASSET,hasstartedin2004variousdevelopmentsinthefieldofkitepower,focusingontheso-called“laddermill”. In this concept, a ground-based electric generator is driven by kites that areattachedtoaverticalcableloop.Thekitespullwithastrongforcewhilerollingoutbound(as-cending)anda lowforcewhilecomingback(descending).The institutehasdevelopedafirmpositionintheglobalR&Dlandscapeconsistingofsome40researchanddevelopmentgroups.The use of kites for electrical power production has been receiving a growing attentionbecauseoftheurgentneedtoreduceCO2emissionsandbecauseoftheabundantwindenergyavailableathigheraltitudes.Itspotentialissignificant,aswellasincost(lowerthancoalplants)andflexibility(developingcountries).Thewindavailabilityataltitudewasstudiedbasedon20yearsmeasurements.Higheraltitudes(above500m)arefavourableforpower, frequencyandstability(laminarflow).Several methods are studied nowadays to exploit the high altitude wind. A fundamentaldifferenceisthelocationofthegenerator,namelyongroundorairborne.Advantagesanddis-advantagesarediscussed.Theeffectofakitecanbedrastically improved throughcrosswind.Themotionperpendiculartothewindincreasesthepowerwhichcanbedescribedasavirtualincreaseof surface.Thedrawback is a lowereffective liftoverdrag, thus resulting ina lowerelevation.Fundamentalquestionsariserelatedtotheadvantagesofhighaltitudeversuscrosswindandotherdrawbacksoflargersystems.The“spider”systemisdiscussed,acombinationoftheladdermillandatwokitessystem.Ofparticularinterestisinsightincostofkitesurfaceversusmaximumandcumulativeload.Certainly,alargediversityofkitesystemsisrequiredinthisphaseofpioneering.Theapplicationforpropellingashipisalsoconsidered,includingupwindsailing.Inthiscase,thegroundstationisnotstationary,butitsmotionresultsinahigherapparentwindspeedforthekite,whilethehorizontalcomponentofthekiteaddstotheshipsdrag.
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Photo Credits: Christian Steiness
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mario milaneseKITENERGYsrl
ViaLivorno60Torino
Italy
kitenergy technology for offshore wind plants
M.Milanese,Kitenergy srlL.Fagiano, Politecnico di Torino/UC Santa Barbara
I.Gerlero, Modelway srl
ThetalkpresentsaninvestigationoftheoffshoreapplicationoftheAWEtechnologyunderdevelopementbyKitenergy,whichexploitstheautomaticflightoftetheredair-foils(e.g.powerkites)toextractenergyfromwindflowsblowingbetween200and800metersabovethesea.
Thekeypointsofsuchatechnologyaredescribedandtherelatedoperationalparametersareoptimized inorder tomaximize thegeneratedpowerwhile satisfyingconstraintsonthemaximalloadsexertedontheoffshoresupportstructure.TheobtainedresultsindicatethatKitenergytechnologycouldbringforthsignificantadvantageswithrespecttotheactualwindturbinetechnology.Inparticular,thestructuralloadsexertedontheoffshoreplatformis4-5timeslessthanthatofawindturbineofthesameratedpowerandthecapacityfactoris2timeshigher.Thus,foragivencostofthesupportstructure(fixedfoundation,floatingplatform,..),Kitenergytechnologycangive8-10higherener-gyproductionwithrespecttowindturbines,reducingsignificantlythepresentoffshorewindenergyproductioncosts.
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swisskitepower – novel wind energy extraction technology
C.Houle,Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz FHNW
SwissKitePowerisacollaborativeresearchanddevelopmentprojectbeingconductedbythreeSwisstechnicalinstitutesandAlstomSwitzerlandAG.WitharecentlyawardedfederalgrantfromtheCompetencyCenterforEnergyandMobility,theprojectaimstodevelopavisionofwhatakitepowerplantwilllooklike,howitwillfunctionandwhatmarketsitwillserve.Thelongtermgoaloftheprojectistosetthestagefortheinstalla-tionofapilotplantwithinSwitzerlandwhichwilldemonstratethefunctionalityandlongtermreliabilityofthetechnology.
Therolesoftheprojectpartnerswillbebrieflypresented,butthetalkwillfocusonthekitetestbenchwhichiscurrentlyunderdevelopmentatFHNW.Thissystemhasbeendesignedandconstructedthroughaseriesofstudentprojectsoverthepasttwoyears.Apartfromservingasausefultoolforairbornewindenergyresearch,itsdidacticvaluehasalsobeennoteworthy.Anoverviewof thesystemaswellaspreliminarytestandsimulationresultswillbepresented.
corey houleFachhochschuleNordwestschweiz
FHNWInstitut für Aerosol- und Sensortechnik
Klosterzelgstraße25210Windisch
Switzerland
[email protected]://www.swisskitepower.ch
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rolf luchsingerEMPA
Center for Synergetic Structures
Überlandstraße129CH-8600Dübendorf
Switzerland
[email protected]://www.empa.ch/css
towards the design of twings
R.H.Luchsinger,EMPA
TheCenterforSynergeticStructuresatEmpafocusesonthedevelopmentoftwings(tethered wings) dedicated to airborne wing energy applications. We are convincedthattheidealairfoilforthisapplicationisasynergeticcombinationofthesurfkiteandthesailplane.Keyfeaturesareareasonableaerodynamicefficiencyandminimalweight,whileresilienceundercrashisamajorassetatleastinthedevelopmentphase.
OurapproachistouseTensairityfortheloadbearingstructureofthetwing.Combin-inganinflatedstructurewithcablesandstruts,Tensairityintegratesthematerialsoftheflexibleandrigidwingonthestructurallevel.Ourfirstprototypeswithupto8mspandemonstratethepotentialofTensairityinkitedesign.
Currently, the aerodynamic efficiency of various wing shapes is studied by means ofvortexlatticemethodsimulations.Furthermore,asetupforinstrumentedtowingtestsisdevelopedandtheproductionprocessisinvestigated.Onceairborne,ourtwingswillproduceelectricalpowerwithintheSwissKitePowercollaboration.Thepresentationwillgiveanoverviewofourworkinprogress.
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omnidea’s system for airborne wind energy
T.Pardal,R.Fernandes,P.SilvaOmnidea
OmnideahasbeenengagedinR&Dtoharnesscleanandrenewableenergyfromhighaltitudewindandhasalreadybeengrantedpatentsinthisfield.Thisproprietarytech-nologyunderinvestigationconsistsofaliftgeneratingairbornemodulethatisanchoredtoagroundstationbyatethercable,operatinginatwophasecycle.Duringthepowerproduction phase the airborne module generates lift, pulling up on the tether cablewhich,atthegroundstation,drivesforinstanceaflywheelconnectedbetweenawinchandanalternatortoproduceelectricity.Whenthetethercableisunwound,therecov-eryphasestartsandthecableisreeledbacktoitsinitialpositiondecoupledfromtheflywheel,completingacycle.
Thepaperdescribestheairbornegroupandthereeleraswellastheprocessoftension-ingandunwindingthecable.TheR&Dcoversamultitudeoftechnologicalfieldssuchasmaterials,aerodynamicsandcontrolrequiredforthedevelopmentofawindpowersystem capable of harnessing the energy potential of high altitude wind without theneedforheavytowersorexpensiveelevatednacelles.Asignificantadvantageisthattheproposedsystemcaneasilybedeployedoffshoreineithershallowordeepwater.
tiago pardalOMNIDEA
TravessaAntónioGedeão93510-017Viseu
Portugal
[email protected]://www. omnidea.net
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alain goubauAltaerosEnergies
337SummerStBoston,MA,02210
USA
[email protected]://www.altaerosenergies.com
lighter-than-air airborne wind turbines in the military market
BenGlass,AdamRein,AlainGoubauAltaeros Energies
Altaeros Energies is developing an airborne wind turbine based on lighter-than-airtechnology.TheAltaeros100kWturbineistargetedatdisplacingdieselconsumptiononremotesites–namelyisolatedcommunities,islandnations,miningandloggingsites,andmilitarybases.Anymilitarysolutionmustbemobile,durable,autonomous,andhavenoimpactonthemissionathand.TheAltaerosturbineisdesignedtomeettheserequirements.Inordertoprovidelift,the system uses a buoyant shroud initially deflated for transport. Components suchasnacelleandbladesareintegratedintotheshroudafteritsinitialinflation.Thebasestationwinchesand tethersarealsoconstructed tobeportable.This solutionallowsremote sites to relativelyquickly takeadvantageofhighaltitudewind resourcesandavoids thecomplicated logisticsand installationrequirementsofotherground-basedrenewableenergytechnologies.Thesolutionalsoleveragesexistingheliumdistributionnetworksandoperationalknow-howinherenttothemilitaryasitoperatesandservicestheaerostatsalreadydeployedincombatzonesforsurveillanceandcommunicationapplications.
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stephan brabeck
StephanBrabeck,astechnicaldirectorofSkySails,hashadleader-ship oversight of research and development, manufacturing andservicesinceJanuary2005.HewasborninColognein1962andearnedanengineeringdegree fromAachenUniversitywherehemajoredinaerospaceengineering.
Stephan Brabeck has been a managing director and worked astechnicaldirectorforSkySailssince1January2005.Anavidsailor,hecontributesin-depthexpertise,yearsofexperienceandexcep-tionalmarketknowledgetothecompany.
Photo Credits: SkySails Gmbh
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stephan brabeckSkySailsGmbH&Co.KG
Veritaskai321079Hamburg
Germany
[email protected]://www.skysails.de
skysails - ship propulsion by automated towing kites
S.Brabeck,SkySails GmbH & Co. KG
SkySails isdeveloping,producingandsellinganinternationallypatentedwindpropul-sionsystemforcargoshipsbasedonlarge,automatedtowingkites.ThelatestSkySailsproductgenerationwithakiteareaofapproximately320m2hasamaximalpropulsionpowerofmorethan2MW.Thesystemcanbeinstalledasauxiliarywindpropulsiononamajorpartoftheexistingshipsaswellasonnewbuildings.
TheSkySailssystemconsistsofthreemaincomponents:Atowingkitewithrope(flyingsystem),alaunchandrecoverysystem,andacontrolsystemforautomaticoperation.
TheSkySailswindpropulsionsystemhasbeenlong-termtestedonboardcargoshipsduringregularshippingoperationsforthepastthreeyears.Allinsights,operationalex-periencesandresultsgainedthroughoutthislong-termtestingphasewerefedsimulta-neouslyintotheSkySailsproductdevelopmenteffort,thuscontinuouslyenhancingthetechnology.
Stephan Brabeck (Technical Director SkySails GmbH & Co. KG) will present the SkySailstowingkitetechnologyandspeakindepthabouttheoperationalexperiencesonboardofcargoships.
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airborne wind energy at the technical university munich
MichaelSchölkopf,SimonBolten,PatrickJ.LauffsT.U.Munich, Windward Energy
TheteamofWindwardEnergy,locatedatTUMunich,isworkingonhighaltitudewindenergysince2009.Ithasdevelopedandtestedsmall-scaleprototypesofkitesteeringunits,aswellasagroundstationforkite-pumping.Theteamconsistsof twoengineeringstudents(Aerospace&ProductDevelopment)andonestudentofeconomics(TechnologyandManagementoriented).Allthreearegraduatesfromthescholarship‘Manage&More’fromtheCenterforInnovationandBusinessCreationatTUMunich.
ThethesisofMichaelSchölkopf,thatwillbepresented,dealswiththeconceptionofagroundstationfora1MWKitewindpowerplant.Acomparisonofpossiblemechanicalcomponents,likegenerators,energystorageandgearing,forfulfillingtheneededfunc-tionsareinthefocus.Furthermoreanestimationisgivenaboutdevelopment,invest-mentandoperationcoststoderivethetotalcostsforelectricityandmakeapredictionaboutthecost-effectivenessofsuchasystem.
ThesteeringunitthatwillbepresentedbyPatrickJ.Lauffsofferstheabilitytocontrolthesteeringlines,aswellastochangetheangleofattack.Itisdesignedtobemanuallycontrolled fromthegroundstation,butalsooffers thepossibility torunclosed loopcontrolalgorithmsbasedonthestatesofflight.Thecurrentdevelopmentfocusesonoptimizingweightandmaneuverabilityinadditiontotheimplementationofautomaticcontrol.
windward energyT.U.Munich
Passauerstraße3181369München
Germany
[email protected] http://www.windward-energy.de
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aart de wachterDelftUniversityofTechnology
Kluyverweg12629HSDelft
TheNetherlands
[email protected]://www.kitepower.eu
current development status of the laddermill kite power system
A.deWachter,Delft University of Technology
SinceAWEC2010theladdermillkitepowersystemofTUDelftreceivedsomemajorimprovements and changes. This presentation aims to show what has improved andhowthisaffectedtheperformanceofthesystem.
Thegroundstationhasgonethroughextensivetestingtodeterminethelossesofbothmechanicalandelectricalcomponents.Thishasresultedinthereplacementofcertaincomponents.Thekitecontrolunitshavebeenreplacedwithmorereliableandadvancedunits.Thehardware and software architecture makes the implementation of autopilot controlpossible.Differentautopilotsystemsarecurrentlyunderdevelopment.InSeptember2010thesecondgenerationpurposedevelopedkitefortheLaddermillwasdelivered.Specialattentioninthismodelwaspaidtoreinforcementofcriticalareas.FurtherdevelopmentofthebridlelinesofthiskitewasdonebyTUDelftresearchers.Thisleadtoasignificantincreaseoftheloadbearingcapabilityanddepowercapabilityofthekite.TheseperformanceimprovingchangesresultedinabigperformanceimprovementoftheLaddermillsystembetweenSeptember2010andMay2011.
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unmanned power airship for airborne wind energy generation and ground distribution
NdilokelwaF.Luis1,AlexandraA.Gomes1,PauloA.Cardoso2,1Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal, 2Alva Alta, Lda., Portugal
In this work we present the first results for the preliminary design of an unmannedpowerairship(UPA)tocarryoutagivenmissionofairbornewindenergygenerationandgrounddistribution.Theproposedapproachpursuesthemaximizationofthecosteffectiveness of the mission with design variables involving structures, aerodynamicsandtrajectory.
Weconsideranuntetheredairshipbasicallyconsistingoftwovertical-axiswindturbines,disposedbetween two torus shapedenvelopesenclosinga lighter thanair fluid.Theenergygeneratedwhileairborne isdistributedtoarespectiveenergyconversionsys-teminstalledatatleastonestationarylocationwithinagivenregion,andaremandingamountisusedtoflytheairship.Thefirstresultspointtotheviabilityoftheproposedconcept.
paulo a. cardosoAlvaAlta,Lda..
AlamedadosOceanos4.28.1F1ºC1990-237Lisboa
Portugal
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joris gillis jan goosK.U.Leuven
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Celestijnenlaan300abus24213001Heverlee
Belgium
[email protected]@student.kuleuven.be
reversed pumping for tethered airplanes in no-wind conditions
JorisGillis,JanGoosK.U. Leuven
The main advantage of kite-based wind-technology is that they can reach higheraltitudes,wherethewindisstronger,andmoreconsistent.Obviously,thekitehastogo through the loweratmosphere toget there,and itmaybepossible that there islittleornowindinthisregion.Reversedpumpingmakesitpossibletoinjectthekiteintoapowerharvestingorbitwithoutanyon-boardpropulsion.Also,evenifthereisnotenoughwindtoproducepower,itcanbemoreinterestingtokeepthekiteflyingthantolanditenre-deployitlater.
TheLeuvenKitePowertetheredairplanewasthereforeoutfittedwithawinchsystem.Powercanbeaddedbyvaryingthecablelengthatkeymoments.Thisleadstoatwo-phased cycle: the tether is lengthened when the cable tension is low, and pulled inwheneverthecabletensionishigh.Thewinchactsasamotorhere.Ineffect,weusethepumpingschemefromlift-modekitesystems,butappliedinreversemode.
Weshowoptimalcontrolcalculationsforperiodicorbitsthatusereversedpumpingtostayintheairduringno-windconditionsandsimultaneoulsyminimizeenergylosses.
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investigation of various turbulence models accuracy in cfd simulation of vertical axis wind
turbines
P.Fard,M.Layeghi,A.Foruzandeh,A.Borujerdi,Energy Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Tehran
ComputationalFluidDynamicscanbedefinedastheanalysisofsystemsinvolvingfluidflow,heattransferandassociatedphenomenasuchaschemicalreactionsbycomputerbased simulation.Using this techniquebecamepopular since the1980’s in thewindturbine industrytosaveasignificantamountoftimeandmoneywhichwasrequiredforwindtunneltest.Inpractice,theassumptionsmaderegardingthemodelingoftheturbulentcomponentofengineeringflowshaveprovedtobeamajorsourceoferrorinwindengineeringsimulations.Thesefundamentalerrorsareoneofthemainreasonswhycomputationalfluiddynamicstechniqueshavenotyetbeenfullyacceptedbythewindengineeringcommunity.In this research, the authors have detailed and tested some of the most widespreadtechniques and compared their accuracy and shortcomings in computational windengineering.Inthisrespectstandard,RNGandrealizablek-model,k-,Spalart-AllmarasandReynoldsstressmodelhavebeentakenintoaccountforsimulationofaverticalaxiswindturbineperformance.
payam sabei fardMaterialsandEnergyResearch
CenterTehranEnergy Department
ImamkhomeiniBoulevardMeshkinDasht,Karaj
Iran
[email protected]://sabaeifard.webs.com
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ahmad hodjatSharifUniversityofTechnologyInternational Campus - Engineering Dept.
AmirkabirSquareKishIsland
Iran
possibility and utilization of feg in the country iran + one technological approach
A.Hodjat,SharifUniversityofTechnology
Iran,withalargeoverallamountofhighaltitudewindenergyforatleasthalfoftheyearisagoodcandidateforutilizingFEG.ForinstallingtheFEGsoverIran,wehadtofind,placeswithasafeaerialspacewhichgrantusreliablespots.Tofindtheseplacesonehastodisregardaerialcorridors,andothernotedareasfromalloverheadspaceofthecountryinafull3Dmap.
Overlapofseasonaldataofoptimizedlevelandsafeareashowustheplacesthatareappro-priatetoflyFEGsover.Nextpopulationdensity(likecities)andlandfeaturesandhighvoltagetransmissioncablerouteforthedesiredspotswasstudied.Thenbyoverlappingtheseseriesofdata,firstwefoundplacesovercountrythataresafeandsecond,foundthepredictedpro-ducedenergyduringtheyearaccordingtotheskywindpowerFEGcapacity.Thisprocedurehasthepotentialtobeaguidelineforanyothercountry.
In addition, a method is studied as a technological approach, combined of two availablesystemsofSkywindpowerandMagenn.Thismethodwill solvecomplexityproblemofFEGdesignandisachievedbysimplertechnology.
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take-off and landing of balanced kites
R.Paelinck,K.U. Leuven
UsingtwokitesrotatingaroundeachotherwhileconnectedtoaY-shapedtetherhasanumberofadvantagesoverusingonlyasinglekite.First,overalldragisreducedsignifi-cantlybecauseonlytheendpartsofthetethersmovefastincrosswinddirection.Second,theconfigurationcounterbalancesthecentripetalforcesthatare inducedbyflying curves. This counterbalancing also acts as a major advantage in the retractionphaseofthepumpinggenerationapproach,wherebothkitespullagainsteachotherandnotinthedirectionofthemaintether.
Inordertovalidatethismethod,techniquesforautomaticallylaunchingandlandingthetwo-kitesystemaredevelopedandappliedinconceptualgroundstationdesigns.Thefinalsmall-scalebalancedkitegroundstation,currently indevelopment,willalsobecapableof launchingand landing singlekite systems, so control strategies canbeverified.
reinhart paelinckK.U.Leuven
Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT/SCD, OPTEC
KasteelparkArenberg10bus2446
3001HeverleeBelgium
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rolf van der vlugtDelftUniversityofTechnology
Kluyverweg12629HSDelft
TheNetherlands
[email protected]://www.kitepower.eu
performance and stability of inflatable tube kites
R.vanderVlugt,Delft University of Technology
Theperformanceofakitepowersystemdependsforalargepartontheperformanceofthekite.Inapumpingsystemtheglideratio,themaximumallowablewingloadingandtheabilitytopoweranddepowercansignificantlyaffecttheaverageinputpowertothegenerator.
DevelopmentworkfocusedonincreasingthemaximumloadandthedepowerabilityoftheLaddermillkite.Amajorpartofthedevelopmentworkwasdoneonthebridlesys-temofthekite.Thisworkshowedtheimportanceofacorrectandwell-balancedbridle.ThebridleimprovementsresultedinasteadyincreaseofdepowerandmaximumloadofthekiteandincreaseoftheaveragecyclepoweroftheLaddermillsystem.
Asteadypowerinputtothegeneratorisimportanttoreducethegeneratorsizeforagivenaveragepower.Testresultsshowthatalargepartofthepowerfluctuationsareduetotheverticalmotionofthekite.Thisindicatestheimportanceoflimitingthekitemass.Resultsfromthekite-specificresearchwillbepresented.
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trajectory exploration for tethered planes
M.Zanon,K.U. Leuven
Althoughkite-basedwindpowergenerationshowsahighpotential,thereisstillanumberofissuesthatmustbecopedwithtoensureafuturetothistechnology.
Planninganoptimaloperationof theplantandcontrolling it isoneof those issues.Oneverydelicatephaseisthestartingphase,aswindmaybemuchsloweronthegroundthaninhigheraltitudesandtheplaneismorelikelytocrashasthegroundrestrictsthesetoffeasiblemotions:MPCappearsasthenaturalchoiceforcontrollingtheplant.
Inthiscontexttheflightsimulatorisnotonlyatooltovalidateplanemodels;italsogivesthepossibilitytorunseveralvirtualexperiments,especiallyfor longtrajectoriesforwhichtheoptimizationproblemcouldbedifficulttoformulateandsolve.
mario zanonK.U.Leuven
Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT/SCD, OPTEC
KasteelparkArenberg10bus2446
3001HeverleeBelgium
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industrial sponsor booths by
Background Art Credits: Dave Santos
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christian egenhofer
Christian Egenhofer (DE) is a Senior Fellow at the Centre for European PolicyStudies(CEPS),aBrussels-basedthinktankspecialisinginEUaffairs,whereheisheadoftheEnergy,ClimateandEnvironmentProgramme.
HeisalsoaSeniorResearchFellowandJean-MonnetLecturerattheCentreforEnergy,PetroleumandMineralLawandPolicyat theUniversityofDundee inScotland/UK (since 1999). In addition to the University of Dundee, ChristianEgenhofer teaches a number of courses on “EU integration” and “energy andclimatechange”attheCollegeofEuropebothinBrugesandNatolin,theSolvayBusinessSchoolMBAProgrammeof theUniversitéLibredeBruxellesand theLUISSUniversityinRome.
Christian Egenhofer is Director of IMPACT – European Bureau for ConsultingandAnalysis,aBrussels-basedpoliticalconsultancy.
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christian egenhoferCEPS
1PlaceduCongres1000Brussels
Belgium
[email protected]://www.ceps.eu/
eu innovation policy C.Egenhofer,Centre for European Policy Studies
Earlyapproachesandpoliciesof‘greengrowth’intheEUandmemberstatesfocusedon internalisationofexternalcostsandenvironmental tax reform.Theseapproacheshavebeendevelopedfurtheroverthelasttwodecades,therebyhighlightingthepoten-tialbenefitsofsustainabilityforinnovation.Formally,the‘greengrowth/competitive-ness’paradigmhasbeenintroducedatEUlevelascentralelementoftheEU’seconomicgrowthstrategyinthe2000LisbonEconomicReformAgenda.Ithasalsobeenoneofthethree justificationsofthe2007/08ClimateandEnergyPackagewherebytheEUagreedontargetsforgreenhousegasreduction,renewablesandenergyefficiency.The‘EU2020Strategy’, themissionstatementof thecurrentBarroso IICommissionhasidentified‘sustainablegrowth’asoneitsthreepillars.Asaresultthecurrentinnovationpolicyisbeingre-formulated.EUR&Dsupport,forlongthecentralplankofEUinnovationpolicy,isbeingcomplementedintheformoftheStrategicEnergyTechnologyPlanbyanadditionalfocusondemonstrationandearlydeploymenttoovercomebarriersofthetechnologydeathrisk.ThepresentationwilloutlineEUinnovationpolicyanditsdifferentprioritiesbeforeexplaininginmoredetailthevariousinstrumentsthattheEUappliesnoworinthefuturetosupportimmediatedeploymentoflow-carbontechnologies.
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highwind : simulation, optimization and control
M.Diehl,K.U. Leuven
The ERC project “HIGHWIND – Simulation, Optimization and Control of High AltitudeWind Power Generators” at K.U. Leuven runs from 2011-2016. Its aim is to guide thedevelopmentoftheemergingtechnologyfromthemodeling,optimization,andcontrolsideandtodoonlysmallscaleexperiments.Specifically,wedevelopanduseultra-fastembeddedoptimizationforautomaticcontrolandstateestimation,andweoptimizeandtestintrinsi-callystableorbits(attractors)thatalleviatethecontroltasks.
Thehardwarefocusisonrigidwings,pumpingpowergeneration,andanovelwayforauto-maticstartandlandingbasedonarotationbase,thatasabyproductallowsindoorstestingof our embedded control systems. Final aim is the automatic flight and startup of twobalanced power planes, and the production of open-source software for the simulation,optimizationandcontrolissuesofhighaltitudewindpower.The talk presents joint work with Jan Swevers, Dirk Vandepitte, Boris Houska, ReinhartPaelinck,MilanVukov,KurtGeebelen,JorisGillis,andMarioZanon.
moritz diehlK.U.Leuven
Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT/SCD, OPTEC
KasteelparkArenberg10bus2446
3001HeverleeBelgium
[email protected]://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~mdiehl/
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damien reardonArchangelEnergyPtyLtd.
CookRoadCentennialParkNo.7/27-35
NSW2021Australia
potential for airborne wind power in australia – baseload?
DamienReardon1,IgorSkryabin2,AlexRadchik31Archangel Energy Pty Ltd, Sydney, 2Australian National University, Canberra,
3University of Technology, Sydney
ThispresentationprovidesanoutlineoftheAustralianenergymarket,aperspectiveonAWEtechnology/projectdeveloperopportunities,andtouchesonthesignificantpotentialforlowemission,hybridizedfullydispatchableAWEbaseloadplant.UsingfinancialmathematicsinrelationtoOTCswapsandexchangetradedderivatives,weillustratepatentedtechniqueswherebyPPAwritersandfinancialintermediariescanefficientlyvaluesuchentities.Australiahas someof themost attractive, close-to-loadwind resources, and is thehighestpercapitagreenhousegasemitterintheworld.Historically,ithasbenefittedfromverylowgenerationcoststhankstoarichendowmentoffossilfuelresourcesandlowpopulation.Thesecostsaresettospiral,partlyasaresultofunderinvestment,butpredominantlyduetoescalatingfossilfuelpricesandcarbonpriceuncertainty.Australiaalsohasarelativeabundanceofbothlargeandsmallscaleoff-gridloadsituatedawayfrompop-ulationcentersandflightpaths,andassuchdeservesspecialattentioninthisphaseofAWEdevelopment.
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how high altitude wind power plants will participate at the markets for emission reduction
G.Lütsch,NTS Energie- und Transportsysteme GmbH
WiththeKyotoProtocolforthefirsttimeinhistorypoliticianscommittedthemselvestobindinggoalsregardingthereductionofCO
2.
Theprotocolinstalledthreeinstruments:
• Emissiontrading• JointImplementation• CleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)
Besides the “Controlled market” exists a Voluntary Market for Emission Reduction.Onbothmarketsemissionreductioncanbetraded.
The current model expired at 2012, after which the CO2-Emission Rights will be
auctioned.Leadingexpertsexpectavaluebetween20–80Euro/tby2020!ThepresentationshowshowhighaltitudewindpowerplantscanparticipateontheMarketsforEmissionReduction.
guido lütschNTSEnergie-und
TransportsystemeGmbH
Kurfürstendamm21710719Berlin
Germany
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carlo perassiWOWSpa.
CorsoBuenosAires3720124Milano
Italy
[email protected]://www.wow.pe/
three years of wow spa.
CarloPerassi,WOW SpA.
Asfarasweknow,WOWSpAwasthefirstworldwideand it’sstill theonlyfinancialholding founded by small investors to support the emerging airborne wind energyindustry.
Thisshortpresentationisgoingtotakeplaceonthethirdanniversaryofourfoundationanditdescribeshowweoperate,thekindofprojectswearefundingandafewpredic-tionsaboutourfuture,leavingthelastpartofthetalkforquestionsandanswers.
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assystem airborne wind turbine
B.Lau,M.Paerschke,O.Stoller,H.Gründel,Assystem GmbH
Assystem,oneofthelargeengineeringservicecompanies,introduceshereitssecondgenerationAirborneWindTurbine(AWT).While thefirstonewasa lighter-than-airsolution, this one will be a hybrid Helium/wing lifted turbine containing 2 counter-rotatingrotors.Bothonshoreandoffshoreoperationispossible.Therotorcharacteristicsareadaptedtothepowertransmissionsky-to-ground.Itisde-signedasakeycomponentoftheAWTtoreachtheEkmanlayer.Powergenerationisgroundedtominimizeflightweight,evenwhenusingcompositematerialsformostoftheflyingparts.UptonowconceptstudiesexistsfortherelevantfeaturesoftheAWT.ThiscontainsextensiveCFD-calculationsforvariousflightconditionstooptimizethewingprofileofthecasing.FEAcalculationsarecarriedouttominimizetheweightwithregardstostresspeaks.Elementsforactiveflightcontrolareintegratedtoavoidtumblingandtoproduceliftintimesoflowwindspeed.Inaddition,twoHeliumballoonscanbeunfoldingincaseofuncontrolledflightconditions.Plansaretobringtoairthenewdemonstratoruntiltheendoftheyear.Thedevelop-mentissupportedbytheAssystemBerlinCFD,FEAandCADcompetence.
hans gründelAssystemGmbH
Ludwig-Erhard-Ring1015827Dahlewitz
Germany
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dave santosKiteLabIlwaco
Box937Ilwaco,WA98624
USA
[email protected]://www.energykitesystems.net
toward gigawatt-scale kite energy
D.Santos,KiteLab Ilwaco
Kitestacks,trains&archesaredense-arraymodelsforaggregatedcapacitywithenhancedsafety&reliability.TestingthesemethodsledKiteLabGrouptoanAirborneLatticeworkconceptvalidatedinnumerousscale-prototypeexperiments.
Dense-arrays mitigated cubic-mass scaling penalty, boosted stream-tube efficiency& maximized energy extraction by volume, with reduced surface sprawl & integratedcontrol.“Minimal-mass-aloft”byground-basedactuationandavionicsfavoredhigh-alti-tudeoperation,persistenceincalm,andinherentstability.Persistentflightwasshownbyphasedradialtugsortowing.Launchingandlandingsuc-ceeded by self-cascaded sequences. High L/D kiteplanes and turbines resisted mishapflown semi-captive in arrays. Self-oscillating power wingmills on ganglines & halyards“fired”inpassivesynchrony;ameanstodrivethelargestgenerators.Hotswapping,depowering,and“killing”elementswasshown.Arrayswereassembledmid-air&towedintoplace.
No critical barrier seems to prevent scale-up of kite energy, even legacy power plantsretrofitted as kite hybrids. Aviation regulations offer a basis for large automatedoperations supervised by a Pilot-In-Control and Visual Observer, rotated in watches.Utilityairborneenergyin2025willinvolveSuper-DensityOperations(SDO)inNextGenAirspace.
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corwin hardham
CorwinHardham,Ph.D,CEOandCTOofMakaniPowerisamechanicalengineerwithafocusincontrolsasappliedtorenewableenergysystems.Heholdsseveralpatentswithintheseareas.
Corwin completed his doctorate at Stanford University developingactive hydraulic platforms to improve gravitational-wave detection.Hisappreciationfordesignstemsfromahistoryofevolvingequipmentforcompetitioninwindsurfingandkiteboarding.Corwinhasco-foundedseveralcompanies,includingSquid-labs,Potenco,WakekiteandMakani.
Photo Credits: Makani Power
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corwin hardhamMakaniPower,Inc.
2175MonarchSt.Alameda,Ca94501
USA
[email protected]://www. makanipower.com/
advances in crosswind power generation C.Hardham,Makani Power, Inc.
Recent years have seen significant advances in crosswind power generation. Severalteams have demonstrated autonomous flight and power generation. With theseaccomplishments,theAirborneWindTurbineistransitioningintotheearlystagesofcommercialization.Teamswillnowfocusonscalingupthetechnologyandaddressingreliability.Additionally,thereareregulatoryandmarketrisksthatmustbeaddressedwithcarefulanalysisaheadoftechnicaldemonstrations.
Asaglobalcommunity,theairbornewindenergyindustrymustdevelopthesophisti-cationandrigorseeninthebroaderenergyindustrytodevelopproductsthatcanbedeployedatlargescale.
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enerkite - wind energy redefined
AlexanderBormann,ChristianGebhard,BernhardKämpf,PeterKnauer,StefanSkutnik,EnerKite GmbH
Most of today’s wind turbines supply their rated output less than a quarter of time.EnerKiteswilldeliverratedpoweronshoreandoffshoreatleastfiftypercentofthetime.
The presentation will introduce the EnerKite company, its concepts and productstowardsthenextgenerationofwindpowerplants.Foundedon20yearsofexperienceandexcellenceinthefieldofwindenergy,flightmechanicsandcontrolaswellaskitetechnology and automation a mobile 30 kW prototype plant is under development.Particulartestrigsaredevelopedinordertoderivefeasibleandsustainablesolutions.
WithonemillionloadcyclesandmorethelinesofYoYo-andgroundactuatedsystemssuffer from significant fatigue. The EnerKite rope test rig allows to perform highlydynamicandfrequentbendingandtensiontests.Theresultsaredeterminingtherope,drumandsheavedesign.Bymeansofwindtunnelteststhepropertiesofropesandair-foilsareinvestigatedandoptimized.
UsingrapidprototypingandnewestdesignmethodstheEnerKiteExperimentalPowerPlantwillbeaccomplishedandoperatedintheverynearfuture.ThisallowstodemonstrateandfurtherdeveloptheprototypeoftheEnerKiteControlUnitandthefirstgenerationofEnerKites-reinforcedandoptimizedforstrongerloads,energyproductionandautomatedflights.
alexander bormannEnerKiteGmbH
Fichtenhof514532Kleinmachnow
Germany
[email protected]://www.enerkite.com
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sören sieberlingAmpyxPower
Lulofsstraat55-Unit282521ALTheHague
TheNetherlands
[email protected]://www.ampyxpower.com
discussion of a rotating platform for takeoff and landing of a tethered aircraft
S.Sieberling,R.Ruiterkamp,R.deBie,E.Bontekoe,Ampyx Power
Takeoffandlandingofatetheredaircraftposesaninterestingchallengewhenrequiringfullyautonomousoperationandturnaround.Asolutionintheformofarotatingplat-formispresented.Therotatingplatformconsistsofarotatingbaseandanarmcarryingtheaircraftat its tip.Byspinninguptherotatingplatformairspeed is inducedtothepointthattheaircraftcanprovidesufficientlift.
Aftertakeoffthetetherisslowlyreeledoutresultinginasteadycircularclimb.Landingisperformedbyreversingthisprocess.Thecharacteristicsofusingtherotatingplatformfortakeoffandlandingarediscussedincludingbasicfeasibilityconsiderations.
High g-loads and limitations in range (with respect to tether length) turn out to beprimarily limiting for smaller scale systems. Small scale flight tests have furthermoreindicated that stability of the tethered aircraft is not trivial, especially in outdoorenvironments.Fromasimulationandcontrolperspectivethisreducesthemarginsformodelinguncertainties,requiringextraattentiontomodelingofthesystem.
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airborne wind energy research at worcester polytechnic institute
D.J.Olinger,I.Hussein,G.Tryggvason,WPI
The UPWIND Energy Research Group at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) hasbeenstudyingairbornewindenergy(AWE)systemssince2007.Ourworkhasfocusedonground-tetheredsystemswithground-basedpowergeneration.Wewillsummarizeour efforts to design, construct, and test a working full-scale AWE demonstrator. Inaddition,wewill review lessons learned,andshowhowthestudentworkfits intoanacademiccurriculumwhilepreparingstudentsforcareersinrenewableenergy.
Our modeling work, on both rocking-arm and spooling line systems, will be brieflysummarized. We introduce a dynamic model for the ground-tethered kite that fullyincorporatesthekite’spitch,roll,andyawmotions.Anadaptivecontrollerthatiseffec-tiveforcontrollingthekite’smotionisdeveloped.Wepresentsimulationresultsthatdemonstrateadaptivecommandfollowing,wherethekite’spitchandrollanglesfollowcommandedsignalsandthesystemisabletogeneratenetpower.ThisworkwassupportedbytheNSF’sEnergyforSustainabilityProgramthroughGrantCBET-0853579.
david olingerUPWINDEnergyResearchGroup
Mechanical Engineering Department
WorcesterPolytechnicInstituteWorcester,MA01609
USA
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pauli rautakorpiTampereUniversityofTechnology
Department of Mathematics
Korkeakoulunkatu133720Tampere
Finland
stable lying-eight orbits for kites
P.Rautakorpi1,I.Argatov2,R.Silvennoinen1, 1Tampere University of Technology, 2Aberystwyth University
Akitesimulatortostudykiteflightwhenkiteiscontrolledbyagivenpassiveperiodiccontrol for control angle has been made. It was noticed that simple sine functionforcontrolanglewithsuitableamplitudeandperiodgivesastableorbitforkiteandthusinfiniteflighttimewithfixedtetherlengthandconstantwind.Thekitestabilizesitselftoauniquelying-eightorbitinthemiddleofthewindwindowwithcompletelypassivesinusoidalcontrolwhen initialconditionsarenottoofaroutsidethestableorbit.
Withsmalltetherlengthchangewithinoneorbititispossibletogetmanylying-eightorbitswithashapeclosetoeachotherandgenerateasignificantamountofenergywithpassivecontrolbeforethekitegetsoutofcontrolduetothelongertether.Thuscontrolsandorbitsclosetothestableorbitswithfixedtethermightbeusefulalso forkitewindgeneratorswithvariable tether lengthwhenmodifiedwithsmallcorrections.
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modeling and simulation of kite power systemsR.Schmehl,J.Breukels,J.Schwoll,S.deGroot,
Delft University of Technology
The flexibility of kites and tethers is a challenge for modeling and simulation of kitepowersystems.Especiallyforthelightweightmembranestructureofaninflatablekite,structural dynamics and exterior aerodynamics are tightly coupled processes whichdominatetheflightdynamiccharacteristicsandbythatalsothepowergenerationofthesystem.For longer tethers,deformationcanbesubstantial,especially in low-loadcases,alsoaffectingtheachievablepoweroutput.
ThepresentationsummarizesvariousmodelingapproachespursuedbytheKitePowerresearch group. For flight trajectory optimization and automatic flight control, pointmassor rigidbodymodels are typicallyused forkiteand tether.Moreaccurate,butalsomoreexpensive, isamultibodysystemmodelusingseveralhundredrigidbodiesconnectedbyjointstorepresentthedeformabletubestructureandaspringdampernetwork to represent the canopy. Also an analysis tool, a Finite Element method,normallyappliedtoairbagdeploymentsimulations, isusedtosimulate thestructuraldynamicsofkiteunderload.
roland schmehlDelftUniversityofTechnologyFaculty of Aerospace Engineering
ASSET Institute
Kluyverweg12629HSDelft
TheNetherlands
[email protected]://www.kitepower.eu
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performance factors for high-altitude wind power devices in pumping operation
U.Fechner,Delft University of Technology
Untilnowonlyfewexperimentalresultsofkitepowersystemsinpumpingoperationhave been published. Most of the available data pertains to theoretical analyses andsimulations.Forsystematicimprovementoftheperformanceofkitepowersystemsanewwaytoanalysetheefficiencywillbepresented.Anumberofperformancefactorswerederivedthataredependantondifferentaspectsofthekitepowersystemandcanbeoptimizedindependently.ItwillbeshownhowtousetheseperformancefactorstoanalysethecurrentmeasurementresultsoftheTUDelft.
Itwillbeexplained:
• howtoimproveaveragemechanicalreel-outpower• howtoimprovethedutycycle• howtoreducetheelectricalreel-inenergy• howtocalculateandimprovetheefficiencyofthegenerator
OnegoalofthecurrentdevelopmentsatTUDelftistoincreasetheaverageelectricalpoweroutputtoabout16kWwithout increasingthephysicalsizeofthekiteorthewinch. To reach this goal, a systematic analysis of the current system and a highlyefficientwincharekeyfactors.
uwe fechnerDelftUniversityofTechnologyFaculty of Aerospace Engineering
ASSET Institute
Kluyverweg12629HSDelft
TheNetherlands
[email protected]://www.kitepower.eu
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challenges in gps receiver design for airborne wind turbine guidance
H.Hallam,Makani Power
Accurate measurement of position and velocity is important for flight stability, andessentialforflightpathoptimizationsthatmaximizeenergyproductionduringautono-mouscrosswindflight.
DifferentialGPScanprovidecentimeter-levelaccuracy,butconventionalreceiversarehamperedbydifficultiesuniquetotheairbornewindturbineapplication.Strongcentripetalacceleration,rapidchangesinsatellitevisibilityandelectromagneticinterferencefromon-boardelectronicsallcontributetoanunfavorableenvironmentforoff-the-shelfGPSreceivers.
Makani Power has developed a series of custom GPS receivers that mitigate theseproblems.WeexplainhowGPSworks,thenatureofthechallengesinthisapplication,andhowtheycanbeovercome.
henry hallamMakaniPower,Inc.
2175MonarchSt.Alameda,Ca94501
USA
[email protected]://www. makanipower.com/
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Photo Credits: Makani Power
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david north
Mr.NorthisasenioraerospaceengineerintheSystemsAnalysisandConceptsDirectorateattheNASALangleyResearchCenter.HehasprovidedmissionanalysisandconceptualdesignengineeringforNASA’sspaceexplorationprogramsince2004.HeiscurrentlyservingasthemechanicalengineeringandmockupleadforNASA’sAltairlunarlanderdesignteam.Mr.NorthpreviouslyworkedatPratt&WhitneyonvariousrocketengineandjetenginedesignteamsincludingtheSpaceShuttleMainEngine,theRL-10rocketengine,andtheF-100,F-135andJointStrikeFighterjetengines.HealsoworkedatSiemensdesigninglow-emissionscombustorsforindustrialgasturbines.
Photo Credits: NASA photo EL-2001-00379
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david northNASALangleyResearchCenter
Space Mission Analysis BranchSystems Analysis and Concepts Directorate
NASALangleyResearchCenter1NorthDrydenStreet,B.1209
Hampton,VA23681-2199USA
[email protected]://www. nasa.gov/
airborne wind energy technology and regulatory gaps: a nasa perspective
D.North,NASA Langley Research Center
NASAhasidentifiedkeyareasofsupportthatareneededtoaidintheadvancementofthispromisingtechnology.Theseareasincludeairspaceregulationdevelopment,system-levelandsubsystem-levelmodelingandsimulationtools,aerodynamicdesignandanalysistoolstailored for AWE, materials development, autonomous controls technologies, and openprototypetestingsites.
CurrentairspaceregulationsinboththeU.S.andEuropepresentachallengegoingforwardforairbornewindenergydevelopers.NASAisworkingwiththeFederalAviationAdminis-trationtohelpthemunderstandtheoperationalrequirementsoftheproposedsystemsinordertodevelopnewregulationstooperateAWEsystemsinU.S.airspace.
NASALangleyResearchCenterspecializesinbothsystem-levelandsubsystem-levelsimula-tionandtestingofaeronauticalsystems.NASALangley’spotentialcontributiontotheAWEresearcheffortcould includeworkonautonomouscontrol systems,windtunnel testing,applicationof inflatable structures to soft kite solutions, tetherdrag reduction,develop-mentofaconceptanalysiscomparativetoolkitacrossthebroaddesignspace,aeroacousticandaeroelasticanalysis.OtherNASAcentersofferadditionalvaluableresearchcapabilities,includingthepotentialofNASArestrictedairspacetestingcenters thatcouldoffer thirdpartycorroborativeexperimentalevidenceandstatisticalevidenceofacceptableairspacesafety.CurrenteffortsatNASAareidentifyingthepeople,organizations,andtoolswithintheagencytobegincollaborativeAWEresearchwithprivate industryandothergovern-mentagencies.
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dynamic analysis, simulation & design of winch for energy extraction by airborne parafoils
J.Coleman,H.Ahmad,S.Nolan,D.Toal,University of Limerick
WinchdesignsfortetheredAirborneWindEnergysystemswithcyclicalpowergenerationphasesrequiredetailedanalysistofully investigateandsuitablydesignwinchingsystemswithintheoverallcontrolsystem.Efficientandeffectivecontroloftethertensionmustbemaintainedanddistributedbe-tweenthewinchcontrollerandthekitecontrolpodwhilesimultaneouslyenablingefficientpowertakeoff.Theairbornesystemishighlycoupledtothedynamicsofthegroundwinchsystemandassuchdetailedanalysisoftheinteractionbetweenthesesystemsisrequired.Dynamicanalysisofthisnaturehasbeencarriedoutbytheauthors.
ThisanalysishasledtothedevelopmentofawinchdesignwhichistailoredspecificallytotherequirementsofanAWEsystem.Throughtheuseofclutchingmechanismsthereeloutandreelinfunctionscanbemechanicallyandelectricallyseparated,reversingonlythecomponentsrequiredtoretrievethetether/airbornesystem.Thisresultsinareduceddynamicresponsetimeofthemachineandenablesthepossibilityofextendingthegenerationphaseintorecoveryphase.
joseph colemanUniversityofLimerick
F1-OP-06Foundationbuilding
UniversityofLimerickLimerickIreland
53
bruce weddendorfVelocityCubedTechnologiesInc
11521GillelandRoadHuntsvilleAL35803
USA
[email protected]://www.velocitycubed.com
development of the sky windpower flying electric generator
B.Weddendorf,Velocity Cubed Technologies Inc
For thepast threeyears,ourengineering teamhasbeenworking todevelopanddemonstrateapracticalFlyingElectricGeneratorforSkyWindPower.
ThekeyfeatureoftheSkyWindPowerconceptistheuseofautogyrorotors.TheserotorsbothprovidelifttokeeptheFlyingElectricGeneratoraloft,andtheyextractthepowerofthewindfordirectconversiontohighvoltageelectricity.Theyarealsotheaerodynamiccontrolsurfacesusedtostabilizetheaircraftinflight.ThismakestheSkyWindPowerFlyingElectricGeneratorconceptuniquelyeffectiveatharvestingtheenergyinthewind.
ThispresentationwillexplainourconceptsandgiveahistoryofourdevelopmentandtestingoftheFlyingElectricGeneratortodate.
54
geometric trajectory tracking control
J.Baayen,Delft University of Technology
Wepresentanew,geometricsolutiontothekitetrajectorytrackingcontrolproblem.Ourapproachoffersthreeadvantages:astabilityproof,easeof implementation,andminimalmodellingrequirements.Thelatterisespeciallyimportantforcontrolofflexiblekites,whicharehardtomodelaccuratelyinapoint-massorrigid-bodyframework.
Kitescommonlyhaveasinglecontrol inputavailableforsteering. Inthepresentationweshowhowthedifferential-geometricnotionofturninganglecanbeusedasaone-dimensionalrepresentationofthekitetrajectory,andhowthisleadstoasingle-inputsingle-outputtrackingproblem.Inordertofacilitatemodelinversionwelinearizetheturning angle dynamics in the steering control input and apply energy methods toderiveastabilizingfeedbacklaw.Weshowhowthezero-termofthelinearizationcanbemeasureddirectlyusingon-boardsensors,andhowinthiswaythecontrollawcomestodependonthecontrolderivativesoftheaerodynamickitemodelonly.
jorn baayenDelftUniversityofTechnology
DIAM, ASSET
Mekelweg42628CDDelft
TheNetherlands
55
design of a winch; modelling & control of the tethered flight of a model airplane
D.Cosaert,K.Elst,K.U. Leuven
Design of a winchThe plane is attached to a carousel by a tether, providing the possibility for arotationalstart.Once intheairourwinchcontrolsthetether length.Thewinch isfastandstrongbecauseithasto‘pump’theplaneintheairlikeakiteonthebeach.Besidemotormode,generatormodeisprovidedinordertogeneratepoweroutoftheflightpattern.Toestimatethispoweracable forcesensor isdesignedtomeasurethetension inthecableatalltimes.Besidethis,thesensorcanalsoimprovethesafetybygivingawarningwhentheforcebecomestoohigh.
Modelling and ControlPitch and roll are controlled using a PID-controller which steers the elevator andtheailerons.Theparametersusedtodescribethemodelinthesimulationwerefirstderivedfromestimationsandlaterfrommeasurementsinawindtunnel.
dries cosaert kurt elstK.U.Leuven
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Celestijnenlaan300abus24213001Heverlee
Belgium
[email protected]@student.kuleuven.be
56
determination of airfoil selection and design
parameters effects on the performance of vertical
axis wind turbines
A.Forzouandeh,P.Fard,M.Jamil,Energy Department, Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Tehran
Integratingwindturbinesinurbanareasespeciallyoverbuildingsisanewwayofproducingelectricitywhichissupportedinrecentyears.Theuseofverticalaxiswindturbinesatbuildingsseemsfavorableowingtothefactthattheydonotsufferfromfrequentwinddirectionchanges,architectslikethedesignandtheideatointegratesuchdesignwiththebuilding,andtheyhavebetterresponseinturbulentwindflowwhichiscommoninurbanareas.
Thispaperpresentsacomputationalstudyintotheaerodynamicsandperformanceofsmallscaleverticalaxiswindturbinesanddescribestheeffectofsomedesignparametersinclud-ingnumberofblades,airfoiltype,turbinesolidityandbladepitchangleontheperform-ance of them. To perform the transient simulations, k- turbulence model is chosen andMultipleReferenceFrame(MRF)modelcapabilityofacommercialCFDsolverisusedtoexpressthedimensionlessformofpoweroutputofthewindturbineasafunctionofthewindfreestreamvelocityandtherotor’srotationalspeed.Theresultsshowthatsimulatedturbinesexperienceamaximumpowercoefficientof0.37intipspeedratioofabout3.5.
ayat forzouandehMaterialsandEnergyResearch
CenterTehranEnergy Department
ImamkhomeiniBoulevardMeshkinDasht,Karaj
Iran
57
first feedback control tests for fast flying tethered airplanes
K.Geebelen,M.Vukov,K.U. Leuven
Inordertobeabletoperformestimationandcontrolexperiments,atestplatformsuit-ableforrotationstartoftwotetheredairplaneshasbeenbuilt.Thisplatformallowsustoperformexperimentsbothoutdoorsandindoors,independentofwindandweatherconditions.Theplatformconsistsofarotatingmechanicalstructure,thecarousel,andoneortwoairplanes.ThecontrolarchitectureincludesaPCbasedcomputerandami-cro-controllerinsidetheairplane.OrocosToolchainhasbeenchosenfortheunderlyingcontrolsoftwarelayer.Thistoolchainisanarchitecture-independentcomponentbasedframeworkforallaspectsofreal-timecontrolformechatronicandairspacesystems.
Herewepresentthefirstexperimentalresults,inwhichweperformedcontrolofthepitchandrolloftheairplanewithrespecttolocalaccelerationvector.Futureresearchonthistestplatformincludesdevelopmentofamovinghorizonestimator(MHE)forstateestimationthatfusesmultiplesensorssuchasaninertialmeasurementunit(IMU),astereovisioncamerasystem,aGPSetc.AlongsidedevelopmentofaMHEamodelpredictivecontroller(MPC)willbedeveloped.
kurt geebelen milan vukov
K.U.LeuvenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering
KasteelparkArenberg10bus2446
3001HeverleeBelgium
[email protected]@esat.kuleuven.be
58
efficient numerical methods for computation of open-loop stable kite orbits
J.Sternberg1,B.Houska2,M.Diehl2,1University of Hamburg, 2K.U. Leuven
Windpowergenerationusingkiteshasreceivedanincreasingattentioninthelastdecade.Themainconceptofenergygenerationcanbeoutlinedasfollows:kitesflywithhighspeedincrosswinddirectionandperiodicallypulltheircablestodriveageneratorontheground.Solvingoptimalcontrolproblemswearelookingforopen-loopstablekiteorbits,forwhichtheaveragepoweratthegeneratorismaximal.
Asthemotionofkitesisaffectedbywindturbulences,robustnessaspectshavealsotobetakenintoaccount.Wediscussnumericalmethodsforthecomputationofperiodicandopen-loopstablekiteorbitsasasolutionofanoptimalcontrolproblemtakingtheaboveissuesintoaccount.
julia sternberg boris houska
K.U.LeuvenDepartment of Electrical Engineering
ESAT/SCD, OPTEC
KasteelparkArenberg10bus2446
3001HeverleeBelgium
[email protected]@gmx.de
59
edwin terinkDelftUniversityofTechnology
Faculty of Aerospace Engineering
Kluyverweg12629HSDelft
TheNetherlands
effect of design parameters on the flight dynamics of a kiteplane
E.J.Terink,J.Breukels,R.Schmehl,W.J.Ockels,Delft University of Technology
Realizingthepotentialofthepumpingkitepowersystemasaconceptforairbornewindenergygenerationrequiresakitethatisnotonlyagileandaerodynamicallyefficienttomaximizethepoweroutput,butalsostabletominimizethecontroleffort.Inaddition,alowliftmode–inkiteterminologycalleddepower–isnecessarytoimplementaswiftlowpowerconsumingdownstroke.AkitethatmayfulfilltheseneedsistheKiteplane,anairplane-shapedkiteconstructedwithinflatablebeamsandcanopysurfaces.This lightweightairframe isconnectedtothegroundstationwithasingle-linetetherandsupportedbylateralbridlelines.Thelateralbridlecouplestherollandyawmotionasafunctionofthepitchattitudewithrespecttothetether.
Simulatingthe5-DOFmodelofthesingle-linesingle-kitesystemrevealsthattheamountanddistributionoflateralaerodynamicsurfaceareaisdecisiveforflightdynamicstability.Furthermore,apowercycleofthegeometricallyoptimizedKiteplane,withelevatorandruddercontrol,yieldsanaveragepoweroutputof1kW/m2andacapacityfactorof0.6ataconstantwindvelocityof10m/s.
60
position and orientation determination of a maneuvering target based on moving horizon
estimation
J.Vandersteen,M.Diehl,C.Aerts,J.Swevers,K.U. Leuven
Inordertoachievepreciseandstablecontrolofakite,anaccurateestimationofthevehi-cle’sorientationandpositionisrequired.Thisestimationisbasedononboardangularrate,magneticfieldand linearaccelerationmeasurements,GPS informationandexternalcam-eras.Thevarioussensors,bothonboardanexternal,aresubjecttomeasurementnoiseandbias.Somesensors,e.g.themagnetometerandthecameras,provideonlyvectorobserva-tionsandtheestimationofthevehicle’sorientationisfurthercomplicatedbythenonlinearquaternionkinematics.Thispaperpresentsthemovinghorizonestimationofthekitestates,andshowsthatthisoutperformstheextendedandunscentedKalmanfilters,whicharethecurrentworkhorsefiltersintheaerospaceindustry.Amovinghorizonestimatordeterminesthecurrentstatebysolvingaconstrainednumericaloptimizationproblemconsideringafinitesequenceofcurrent and past measurement data, an available kinematic model and quaternion con-straints. A symplectic integrator is developed to preserve the quaternion norm over theestimationhorizon.Thevarioussensorsrunatdifferentsamplingrates.Thiscanbedealtwithinanaturalwayinthemovinghorizonestimator.Theobjectivefunctiontobemini-mizedistypicallyatrade-offbetweenminimizingmeasurementnoiseandprocessnoise.Inorder to solve this constrained optimization problem in real-time, an efficient numericalsolutionmethodbasedontheiterativeGauss-Newtonschemehasbeenimplementedandspecificmeasuresaretakentospeedupthecalculationssuchashotstartingfromprevioussolutionsandexploitingthesparsityandbandstructureofmatricestobeinverted.
jeroen vandersteenK.U.Leuven
Institute for Astronomy
Celestijnenlaan200Dbus2401
3001HeverleeBelgium
[email protected]://www.ster.kuleuven.be/
61
do you want to invest in flying windmills? challenges and perspectives of
airborne wind energy financing
U.Zillmann,Daidalos Capital
Besidesmanytechnologicalandlegalissues,securingsufficientfinancingremainsoneofthemainobstaclesfortheprogressofairbornewindcompanies.Classicventurecapitalstrugglestoprovidefinancingtothisnewindustry.Too many open questions regarding technical obstacles, legal issues, business plans,marketsize,timing,profitability,reliabilityetc.existtomatchwiththeriskprofileandthe2to5yearsinvestmenthorizonofventurecapitalfunds.
Abroaderapproachtothefinancingofairbornewindcompaniesmightbeasolutiontoovercomesomeoftheseobstacles.Aspecializedfundforthefinancingofairbornewindenergywitha longer investmenthorizoncouldprovideboth,avehiclefor interestedinvestorswillingtohelpthisfascinatingnewtechnologyaswellasaplatformtoincreasetheawarenessofpoliticsandpublicforthenewtechnology.ThepresentationwilldiscusshowthespecializedairbornewindenergyfundcurrentlysetupbyDaidalosCapitalcouldhelptoovercomethefinancingdifficultiesofairbornewindstart-ups.
udo zillmannDaidalosCapital
c/o Zillmann Rechtsanwälte
Westhafenplatz160487FrankfurtamMain
Germany
62
alphabetical list of participants
Weexpressourgratitudetoallthecompanies,institutionsandpersonstakingpartintheAWEC2011,Leuven.Andforthosewhosubmittedpresentationsforthisevent,theadditionaltimeyouhavetakentodocumentandshareyourideasishighlyappreciated.Wehopeyouenjoytheconferenceandthatyouestablishnewcontactsaswellascontinuetoexpandyournetwork.
Hammad Ahmad UniversityofLimerickCastletroyLimerick,[email protected]
Uwe AhrensNTSEnergie-undTransportsystemeKurfürstendamm21710719Berlin,[email protected]
Martina AnaweokhaiMayaewoToursLtd4A,BashorunOkunsanyaAvenueLekkiPhase1.Lekki,Lagos,[email protected]
Jorn BaayenDelftUniversityofTechnologyMekelweg42628CDDelft,[email protected]
Christof Beaupoil Karl-Marx-Allee106,52066Aachen,[email protected]
Simon BoltenWindwardEnergyTUMunichPassauerstraße3181369Munich,[email protected]
Julian BonillaK.U.LeuvenKasteelparkArenberg10,Bus24463001Heverlee,[email protected]
Alexander BormannEnerKiteGmbH Fichtenhof514532Kleinmachnow,[email protected]
Stephan BrabeckSkySailsGmbH&Co.KGVeritaskai321079Hamburg,[email protected]
Paulo Alexandre CardosoAlvaAltaLdaAlamedadosOceanos4.28.1F1ºC1990-237Lisbon,[email protected]
Doug CaswellGezelligEnergy77DunfieldAvenueSuite1106M4S2H3,[email protected]
Jean Paul CharlesCNRS-LMA31CheminJosephAiguier13402Marseillecedex20,[email protected]
63
Joseph ColemanUniversityofLimerickF1-OP-06,FoundationbuildingLimerick,Ireland [email protected]
Dries CosaertK.U.Leuven HofstraatWommelgem,[email protected]
Aart de WachterDelftUniversityofTechnologyKluyverweg12611HHDelft,[email protected]
Gordon DennyMosebachMfgCo. 1417McLaughlinRunRoad15241Pittsburgh,[email protected]
Gaetano DentamaroWOWSpACorsoBuenosAires3720124Milano,[email protected]
Moritz DiehlK.U.LeuvenKasteelparkArenberg10,bus24463001Leuven,[email protected]
Jonathan DumonGipsa-Lab101RueDeLaPhysique,BP4638402SaintMartinD’hères,[email protected]
Christian EgenhoferCEPS1PlaceduCongres1000Brussels,[email protected]
Kurt ElstK.U.LeuvenCelestijnenlaan300B3001Heverlee,[email protected]
Rene EnterEMCEWinches‘sGravendamseweg532215TCVoorhout,[email protected]
Uwe FechnerDelftUniversityofTechnologyKluyverweg12629HSDelft,[email protected]
Ayat ForouzandehMaterialsandEnergyResearchCenterImamkhomeiniBoulvardMeshkinDasht,Karaj,[email protected]
Bryan FrancaDelftUniversityofTechnologyTroubadour134 1188DBAmstelveen,[email protected]
Udo FreseDFKIGmbHEnrique-Schmidt-Str.528359Bremen,[email protected]
Allister FureyUniversityofSussexJohnMaynardSmithbuildingUniversityofSussex,FalmerBrightonBN19QG,[email protected]
64
Michael GadzaliJanLuikenOltmannGruppeLedastraße1726789Leer,[email protected]
Christian GebhardtEnerKiteGmbHFichtenhof514532Germanyc.gebhardt@enerkite.com
Kurt GeebelenK.U.LeuvenKasteelparkArenberg41-bus24203001Heverlee,[email protected]
Joris GillisK.U.LeuvenCelestijnenlaan300a,bus24213001Heverlee,[email protected]
Jan GoosK.U.LeuvenTervuursestraat1583000Leuven,[email protected]
Alain GoubauAltaerosEnergiesPOBox42542302142Cambridge,[email protected]
Sébastien GrosMLS-Control204GeorgeSt.G11XWGlasgow,[email protected]
Hans GründelAssystemGmbHLudwig-Erhard-Ring1015827Dahlewitz,[email protected]
Oliver HaeggbergMAMASustainableIncubationAGCharlottenstr.2410117Berlin,[email protected]
Henry HallamMakaniPower2175MonarchStAlameda,CA94501,[email protected]
Corwin HardhamMakaniPower2175MonarchSt.Alameda,[email protected]
Ahmad HodjatSharifUniversityofTechnologyResalatHighway,GolshanAvenue,NO.12,1654914311–Tehran,[email protected]
Corey HouleSwissKitePowerKlosterzelgstraße25210Windisch,[email protected]
Boris HouskaK.U.LeuvenKasteelparkArenberg10,Bus24463001Heverlee,[email protected]
Colin JonesAutomaticControlLabMEC2398,Station9CH-1015,Lausanne,[email protected]
65
Gunnar JürgensContinentalSafetyEngineeringCarl-Zeiss-Straße963577Alzenau,[email protected]
Rudibert King TUBerlinHardenbergstraß[email protected]
Martin KlausNTSEnergie-undTransportsystemeKurfürstendamm21710719Berlin,[email protected]
Peter KnauerEnerKiteGmbHFichtenhof514532Kleinmachnow,[email protected]
Andreas KreuterMeitnerweg544227Dortmund,[email protected]
Bernhard KreuterJosef-Ponten-Straße3552072Aachen,[email protected]
Fabio LancellottiAsterCapital7RueDeCaumartin75009Franceflancellotti@aster.com
Bernd LauAssystemGmbHLudwig-Erhard-Ring1015827Blankenfelde-Mahlow,[email protected]
Patrick LauffsTUMunichErzgießereistraße2880335München,[email protected]
Rogelio LozanoGipsa-lab961RueDeLaHouilleBlancheBP46F-38402GrenobleCedex,[email protected]
Rolf LuchsingerEMPAÜberlandstraße1298600Dübendorf,[email protected]
Robert LumleyKiteFarmsPOBox743Kilauea,HI96754,[email protected]
Guido LütschNTSEnergie-undTransportsystemeKurfürstendamm21710719Berlin,[email protected]
Pekka A. MaunumäkiSASYPOyPuistokatu1038200Sastamala,[email protected]
Ricardo Medina CardenesPersanEngineeringAvdaJuanCarlosI,18,2-DLasPalmasdeGranCanaria,[email protected]
66
Mario MilaneseKitenergysrlViaLivorno6010144Torino,[email protected]
Stefano MilaneseKitenergyViaLivorno,6010144Torino,[email protected]
Joachim MontnacherFraunhoferIPAPrüfsystemeNobelstraße1270569Stuttgart,[email protected]
Paolo MusumeciWOWSpACorsoBuenosAires3720124Milano,[email protected]
David NorthNASALangleyResearchCenter1NorthDrydenStreet,Building1209MS462HamptonVirginia23681-2199,[email protected]
Wubbo J. OckelsDelftUniversityofTechnologyKluyverweg12629HSDelft,[email protected]
Bernd ÖttigmannUniversityofAppliedScience,MünsterTinge1448624Schöppingen,[email protected]
David OlingerWorcesterPolytechnicInstitute100InstituteRoadWorcesterMA01609,[email protected]
Reinhart PaelinckK.U.LeuvenKasteelparkArenberg10,Bus24463001Heverlee,[email protected]
Tiago Pardal Omnidea,LdaTravessaAntónioGedeão93510-017Viseu,[email protected]
Carlo PerassiWOWSpACorsoBuenosAires,3720124Milano,[email protected]
Jorge Perez SanchezPersanEngineeringAvda.JuanCarlosI,18,2-DLasPalmasdeGranCanaria,[email protected]
Francisco PinoValmitronics.l.RuaParadellas2036340Nigran,[email protected]
Hans PlugDSMDyneemaPOBox11636160BD,Geleen,[email protected]
Ingmars PukisLatvijasMobilaisTelefonsLtdRopazu6,LV1039Riga,[email protected]
67
Pauli RautakorpiTampereUniversityofTechnologyKorkeakoulunkatu1,P.O.Box55333101Tampere,[email protected]
Damien ReardonArchangelEnergyNo.7/27-35CookRoadCentennialPark,NSW2021,[email protected]
Valerie ReidDSMDyneemaMauritslaan496129ELUrmond,[email protected]
Richard RuiterkampAmpyxPowerB.V.Lulofsstraat55-Unit282521ALDenHaag,[email protected]
David SantosKiteLabGroupPOBox937,[email protected]
Roland SchmehlDelftUniversityofTechnologyKluyverweg12629HSDelft,[email protected]
Sören SieberlingAmpyxPowerB.V.Lulofsstraat55-Unit282521ALDenHaag,[email protected]
Pedro SilvaOmnidea,LdaTravessaAntónioGedeão,93510-017Viseu,[email protected]
Risto SilvennoinenTampereUniversityofTechnologyKorkeakoulunkatu1,P.O.Box55333101Tampere,[email protected]
Paul SmeetsDSMDyneemaMauritslaan496129ELUrmond,[email protected]
Julia Sternberg-KalettaUniversityofHamburgBundesstraße5520146Hamburg,[email protected]
Michael StrobelFraunhoferIWESAmSeedeich4527572Bremerhaven,[email protected]
Ilpo SuominenTampereUniversityofTechnologyFinninmäenkatu4E4533710Tampere,[email protected]
Jan SweversK.U.LeuvenCelestijnenlaan3003001Heverlee,[email protected]
Edwin TerinkDelftUniversityofTechnologyHerengracht46DenHaag,[email protected]
68
Gang XiaTechnicalUniversityMunichBoltzmannstraße15D-85748GarchingbeiMünchen,[email protected]
Mario ZanonK.U.LeuvenKasteelparkArenberg10,Bus24463001Leuven,[email protected]
Udo ZillmannDaidalosCapitalWesthafenplatz160327FrankfurtamMain,[email protected]
Rolf TimmermansDelftUniversityofTechnologyBeek492275Lille,[email protected]
Rolf van der VlugtDelftUniversityofTechnologyKluyverweg12629HSDelft,[email protected]
Brend van HunenPegasusinnovestB.V.Utrechtseweg4273731GCDeBilt,[email protected]
Gruus van WoerkomAmpyxPowerB.V.Sumatrakade2571019SBAmsterdam,[email protected]
Jeroen VandersteenK.U.LeuvenCelestijnenlaan200D3001Heverlee,[email protected]
Jan VegtKarelDoormanlaan2193572NZUtrecht,[email protected]
Milan VukovK.U.LeuvenKasteelparkArenberg10,Bus24463001Leuven,[email protected]
Bruce WeddendorfVelocityCubedTechnologies,Inc11521GillelandRdHuntsville,AL35803,[email protected]
Gerhard WespKISSTechnologiesGmbHHolderenweg28134Adilswi,[email protected]
Oliver WoodfordToshibaResearchEuropeLtd.208CambridgeSciencePark,MiltonRoadCambridgeCB43DB,[email protected]
conference location
Irish CollegeJanseniusstraat 1
3000 Leuven
dinner location
Faculty ClubGroot Begijnhof 14
3000 Leuven
dinner locationFaculty Club
Groot Begijnhof 14
leUVen train station To conference, take Bus No. 2,
direction “Heverlee Campus”
Bus No. 2, Exit Naamsestraat
X
conference locationIrish College
Janseniusstraat 1
reception locationLeuven City Hall
Grote Markt
X
X
XX
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