AWRA Water Resources Conference Jacksonville, FL, November 12-15 [email protected] Modeling of...

AWRA Water Resources ConferenceJacksonville, FL, November 12-15 [email protected]

Adaptive Enhancements to PRMS for the National

Hydrologic ModelModeling of Watershed Systems

Lauren HaySteve Markstrom

Steve Regan Roland Viger

Christian Ward-GarrisonShannon Poole


Precipitation Runoff Modeling System(PRMS)

• Modular, deterministic, distributed-parameter, physical-process based model

• Evaluate the hydrologic response of various combinations of climate, land use, topography, and hydrogeology.


Precipitation

Plant Canopy Interception

Solar RadiationAir temperature

Evaporation

Sublimation

GroundwaterReservoir

Evaporation &Transpiration Rain

Recharge

Groundwater Flow

Interflow

Groundwater source

Upslope Surface Runoff and Interflow

Snow Pack

Snow

Snowmelt

Stre

amflo

w a

nd L

ake

Rout

ing

Soil Zone

Rain

Impervious Reservoir

Hortonian RunoffRain

Dunnian Runoff

Snowmelt

Upslope Groundwater Flow

Groundwater Sink


Upslope Dunnian

Surface Runoffand Interflow

Preferential-FlowReservoir

Slow Interflow

Fast Interflow

DunnianSurface Runoff

HortonianSurface Runoff

Gravity Reservoir

Throughfall, Snowmelt,and Upslope Hortonian

Surface Runoff

Gravity Drainage

Evaporation andTranspiration

Capillary Reservoir

DepressionStorage

Direct Recharge

Impervious


Allow for any preprocessed, daily climate data by HRU

Growing season by HRU based

Dynamic parameters (any time step and location)

Dynamic water-use transfers (any time step and location)

Expand distributed parameterization

Input Enhancements

Political, economic, environmental and other changes can input to explore the impacts of policy decisions and other factors using scenario analysis.

Changes historic and projected include:• Urbanization• Agricultural and forestry practices• Fire• Flood• Drought• Growing and shifting populations• Climate• Biodiversity loss


Other Enhancements

Stream and lake flow routing

Couple models

CSV output of simulations results


Any method of climate distribution to HRUs• Gridded data: e.g., Prism, DayMET, Mauer, RCM, GCM• Computed: e.g., XYZ

Data types• Precipitation• Minimum and maximum air temperature• Solar radiation• Potential ET• Active transpiration

Separate Input Files• Can be different time-series extent than Data File and

each other, must include simulation time period• Any number of data types

Input Climate by HRU


Growing season defined between the average last killing frost (Spring) and first killing frost (Fall) dates

Computed:• Pre-process model mode for specified simulation time

period and freezing temperature using USACE method• Any user-determined method

Growing Season by HRU


Any time step

Any HRU (full model domain to subsets)

Data types:• Impervious fraction and storage• Surface depression fraction and depth• Canopy type, density, and storage• Soil-zone storages• Active transpiration• Potential ET computation coefficients

Dynamic ParametersAssess the impacts of historical, current, and projected land-use, climate, and ecological change

Time-series of land-surface

characteristics– GIS interface– GDP– NHDPlus

Impervious Area

Vegetation

Land Cover

Terrain and Hydrology

Dynamic Parameters


Dynamic Parameters


Red: urban Gold: agriculture Green: forest


Dynamic Water-Use TransfersAny time step

Any HRU or stream segment

Sources:• Stream segment flow• Groundwater storage• Surface depression storage• Lake HRU storage• External

• Destinations:• Sources• Consumptive use• Soil zone• Canopy

Environment Canada, 2006


Agriculture is a major user of ground and surface water in the United States, accounting for approximately 80 percent of consumptive water use and over 90 percent in many Western States.

Thermoelectric has highest surface water withdrawals, but, returns 98%, so only 3.3% of consumptive use.

Residential consumptive use about 6.7%www.ers.usda.gov/topics/farm-practices-management/irrigation-water-use.aspx

Dynamic Water-Use Transfers


• Change in mean annual water use in Australia between 1983/84 and 1996/97

http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/water/pubs/national/water_use.html


GW to crop field

Streamflow to consumptive use

Lake storage to soil

Streamflow to external location


Expand Distributed Parameterization

Basin-wide, scalar and monthly parameters now specified for each HRU

Required for characterizing and calibrating • Large models• Mixed resolution models


Stream and Lake flow RoutingStreams

• Muskingum• Replace outflow

Lakes• Fraction of HRU as surface depression storage• Modified Puls• Linear• Flow through• Replace outflow• Broad-crested weir (seepage to and discharge

from GW storage)• Gate-opening time series (seepage to and

discharge from GW storage)


Couple Models

Loosely couple to any model to allow easy support and comparison to other hydrologic analysis and models

• Input climate model results by HRU

• Map simulation results to target model• Spatial resolution of target model• Selected time intervals

• Warm-up years• Weekly• Monthly• Yearly• Total simulation time period


Current Climate Downscaled Climate from GCMs

Watershed Model

Stream Temperature Model

Aquatic Occupancy Model

Precipitation,Maximum Temperature,Minimum Temperature

Precipitation, Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Surface, Subsurface, and Groundwater Flow

Precipitation, Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Flow Biostats, Stream Temperature

Precipitation,Maximum Temperature,Minimum Temperature

Current Landcover Future Landcover

Linked modelsData sourcesDiverse spatial scales


CSV output of Simulation Results

Variables:• Basin area-weighted states and fluxes• Total storages• Water Balance of reservoirs• Segment outflow• Measured streamflow

Analysis using:• Excel• R scripts

Questions


Date post:	29-Dec-2015
Category:	Documents
Upload:	ezra-neal
View:	218 times
Download:	4 times

AWRA Water Resources Conference Jacksonville, FL, November 12-15 [email protected] Modeling of...

Documents