48

1 LÆ˚Rf £™rLÆ˚Rf £™rLÆ˚Rf £™rLÆ˚Rf £™rLÆ˚Rf £™r

LÙX A[‹ : 30 U¶˙SWmLÙX A[‹ : 30 U¶˙SWmLÙX A[‹ : 30 U¶˙SWmLÙX A[‹ : 30 U¶˙SWmLÙX A[‹ : 30 U¶˙SWm

AXœ A±ÿLm

"L˚XL∞u AW£ LÆ˚R'GuTÙo ˙U˚XSÙhP±Oo RÙUv ©WÙh (Poetry is the Queenof Arts - Thomas Sprat). EQo‹L∞uTÙnfNXÙp EkRlTh”l ©\kR LÆ˚R˚VCXdLQd ·h”dœs A˚PjRRÙp ARuY[of£ R˚PThP’; ≈f—, ˙YLm œu±V’.C⁄TRÙm Ët\Ùi•u ˘RÙPdLjß˙X˙VCXdLQf £˚\L˚[ E˚Pj’d˘LÙi”LÆ˚Rl T\˚Y £\œ ƨj’l T\kR’.T˚ZV UW˚T ¡±l ◊\lThP "◊ßV UdL[Ùh£ÿ˚\˙V ◊’dLÆ˚R!' ©WÙu—SÙh•p˙RÙu±V ◊Wh£d LÆOoL[Ù] ©Î•˙Xo,¨mTo”, UpXÙo˙U ˙TÙu˙\Ù˙W ◊’dLÆ˚R´u ©RÙULuLs GuTo. A˘U¨dLÙÆu YÙph ÆhUu, • Gv. G≠Vh˙TÙu˙\Ùo ◊’dLÆ˚R˚Vl ◊ßV TÙ˚RdœA˚Zj’f ˘Nu\]o.

CkßVÙÆp ◊’dLÆ˚Rdœ YØV˚Uj’d˘LÙ”jRYo LÆ CW≈kßWSÙR RÙ·˙W GuTo.˙SÙTp Æ⁄’ ˘Tt\ AY⁄˚PV ""∏RÙgN≠''E˚W≈f£p (Free Verse) A˚UkR ◊’dLÆ˚RL˙[! ◊’d LÆ˚R˚Vj R™Øp YN]dLÆ˚RL[Ùn Y•j’j RkRYo ULÙLÆTÙWßVÙo. ©u]o S. ©fNÍojß´u LWeL∞pRYrk’ Y[okR’, Cufl TpXÙ´WdLQdLÙ] LÆOoL˚[Ÿm YÙNLoL˚[Ÿm˘Ttflj R™Øp ◊’dLÆ˚RŸXLm R˚Zj’Y⁄°u\’. T•Um, œ±¬”, TuÿL YÙ£l◊,˘RÙ≤, ˘RÙuUm G]l Tp˙Yfl EjßL˚[Eh˘LÙi” ◊’dLÆ˚R ¿” S˚P˙TÙ”°u\’. Gp˙XÙ⁄dœm LÆ˚R Gp˙XÙ⁄mLÆOoL˙[ Gu\ SÙdLm ®˚\˙Yflm LÙXm˘Yœ˘RÙ˚XÆp Cp˚X.

TÙPË≠u ÿRp AXLÙL "LÆ˚Rf £™r'A˚Uk’ TÙPˤdœ AZœ ˙Nod°\’.LÆ˚R´p ˙RÙnk’ LtT˚]´p Brk’

CuTm ’nlT’RÙu YÙrÆu C≤˚UVÙ]A‡TYm! AjR˚LV C≤V R⁄QeL˚[lTÙPl Tœß´p Y⁄m ◊’dLÆ˚RLsT°okR∞d°u\] GuTßp IV™p˚X.◊’dLÆ˚Rj ˙RÙhPjßp ÈjR A¨V £XLÆ˚RL˚[j ßWh•j Rk’s[ÙoLs.AjR˚]Ÿm ÿj’dLs; R™Zu˚]´u˘NÙj’dLs.

YÙrk˙RÙm ≈rk˙RÙm Gu±pXÙUp ""J⁄Æ[d˚LVÙY’ ø Ht±Æh”l ˙TÙL˙YiPÙUÙ?'' G‡m L⁄jß˚] Y≠Ÿflj’mLÆd˙LÙ Al’p WœUÙ≤u "UÙ‡Pm',""E´˚W EtTjß ˘NnŸm E´¨Vp UoUm˙R•E˚Zd°u˙\Ùm'' Gufl A±ÆV≠u EfNj˚R ˙SÙd°f £kR˚]˚Vj Ái”m©fNÍojß´u "A±‹' G‡m LÆ˚R,"Ru≈h•p ·”LhP ÆPUÙh˙Pu' Gufl˘NÙp≠, CVt˚L˚V U≤Ru ÿt±¤UÙLAØj’Y⁄°\Ùu GuT˚Rf ˘NÙpXÙUp˘NÙp¤m LÆOo OÙ]d·jR≤u BReLj˚R G”j’dLÙh”m "œ⁄Ædœ ˙Yi”˙LÙs' Gu\ LÆ˚RŸm, R™ZÙdLm ˘NnVlTh”s[ _lTÙ≤V "˚a·' LÆ˚RLs£X‹m APe°V˙R CdLÆ˚Rf £™r!

CR‡s APe°´⁄dœm LÆ˚Rÿj’L˚[d LtTRu YÙ´XÙL UÙQYoLsCu≤u] Lt\p A˚P‹L˚[l ˘TflY’Eflß GuT˚Rj ßPlT”j’m YiQmB£¨V¨u ˘NVpTÙ”Ls A˚URp˙Yi”m. ARtœ Cf£t˙\” J⁄ ˚LjRÙeLÙn A˚UŸ˘UuT’ SU’ Sm©d˚L.Sm©d˚LRÙ˙] YÙrd˚L!

C’ J⁄ UkßWf £™r ApX; LÆ˚Rf £™r!ÈRm YWÙ; ◊’dLÆ˚Rl ÈdLs Y⁄m. UpXjß\k’ ÷Lok’ TÙodLXÙm, YÙ⁄eLs.

AXœAXœAXœAXœAXœ

49

Lt\p A˚P‹Ls1 LÆ˚RL˚[j ß\]Ùn‹ ˘Nn’ œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs1 T˚Pl◊L∞p ˚LVÙ[lT”m EjßL˚[ Ußl¿” ˘Nn’ Lh”˚W

G›’°\ÙoLs.1 T•Um, œ±¬”, TuÿLlTÙo˚Y, ˘RÙuUm B°VYt˚\ G”j’dLÙh”

LfiPu Æ[d° G›’°\ÙoLs.

Ußl◊Lfim U]lTÙeœLfim

Æ CVt˚L˚V ˙S£jRp

Æ CVt˚L˚Vl TÙ’LÙjRp ˙Yi”m Gu\ U]®˚X˚Vl ˘TflRp

Æ CVt˚L˚Vf —Wi”m ˙SÙd°tœ GßWÙ] U]®˚X

Æ CVt˚L˚Vl Tt±V ◊¨Rp

Æ UÙtfljß\]Ù∞ UÙQYoL˚[ Ußdœm U]®˚X

Lt\p LڮLs

³ TÙPËp

³ Tp˙Yfl LÆ˚RLsUW◊d LÆ˚R

◊’dLÆ˚R

³ ◊’dLÆOoLs Tt±V œ±l◊Ls

³ œflkRL”LsJ≠ FPLm

J∞ FPLm

³ LÆOoLs ˛ TPeLs

50 L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

• LÆ-˚R- U-≤R EQo-‹-L-∞u˘Y∞l-TÙ-PÙ-œm/

• C⁄ ˙Yfl-ThP Y•-Y-A˚Ul-˚Td ˘LÙi-P˚YUW-◊d LÆ-˚R-L-fim, ◊’d-L-Æ-˚R-L-fim

• Tp˙Yfl TÙPpL˚[j ˘RÙœj-’m TÙPl-T-œ-ß-´-¤s[ TÙPp-L-˚[l T•j-’m LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-”-°\ÙoLs. LÆ-˚R-Ls ˘Y∞d-LÙh-”m U≤REQo‹Ls Gu-˘]u]?

• UÙQYoLs Ußl¿h”d œ±l-◊-L˚[ E⁄-YÙd°Ußl-©-”-°-\Ùo-Ls.

• UÙQYo Te˙Lt◊

• ˙Tf-—j-ß-\uœ›d-L-Xk-’-˚W-VÙ-Pp

• UÙQ-Yo-L-˚[d œ›-YÙ-Ll ©¨j-’d LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-Pp SPj-Rp.

• UW-◊d-L-Æ-˚R, ◊’d-L-Æ˚R

• ◊’d-L-Æ-˚Rdœ CXd-L-Q-™p˚X

• UW-◊d-L-Æ˚R J˚N-S-V-ÿ-˚P-V’

• UW-◊d-L-Æ˚R ˘NÙt-˘N-±-‹-˚P-V’

• ◊’d-L-Æ˚R G∞V ˘NÙp-XÙh£

• L⁄j-’ -Ls LXk-’ -˚W -VÙ -P -≠p CPm ˘T\˙Yi”m.

Ußl-¿”UÙQ-Yo-Ls œ›-YÙL Ußl-¿” ˘Nn-°-\Ùo-Ls

• Y•-Ym • TÙ”-˘TÙ-⁄s

• S˚P-˙Y-fl-TÙ”

LÆ˚RLs ˘Y∞lT”j’mEQo‹L˚[d œ±lTÙLjRVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs

LÆ˚R ˙YflTÙ” Tt±V œ±l◊RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs

LÆ˚RLs Y∞l-T-”j-’mL⁄j-’L˚[d œ±l-TÙL G›’ -°-\Ùo-Ls.

LÆ-˚R-L-∞u Y˚L-˚-Ls Tt-±V œ±l◊ RVÙ-¨d-°-\Ùo-Ls

51

L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

UÙQ-Yo-L-∞-u NVp-TÙh- P-Ÿm Ußl¿h-”d œ±l◊-L-˚[-Ÿm B£-¨-Vo Ußl-©-”-°-\Ùo.• UÙQ-Yo Te-L-∞l◊• ˙Tf-NÙt-\p• L⁄j-’d ˙LÙ˚YCd-L-Xk-’-˚W-VÙ-P-≠-u A•l-T-˚P-´p UÙQ-Yo-Ls◊’d-L-Æ-˚R-´u˙RÙt-\m, Y•Y ˙Yfl-TÙ-”, TÙ”-˘TÙ⁄s œ±j’ œ±l-◊-Ls RVÙ-¨d-°-\Ùo-Ls

Lh-”˚W G›-’-RpLXk-’-˚W-VÙP≠p RVÙ-¨jR œ±l-◊d-L-∞u A•l-T-˚P-´p ""◊’d-L-Æ-˚R-L-∞u R≤j-Ru-˚U-Ls'' Gu-‡m R˚Xl©p Lh-”˚W G›-’-°-\Ùo-Ls.UÙQ-Yo-Ls Lh-”˚WL˚[ ˙Um-T-”jß —V-U-ßl-¿”˘Nn-°-\Ùo-Ls.˙Um-T-”j-ßV Lh-”-˚W˚V B£-¨-Vo Ußl-¿” ˘NnV˙Yi-”m.

Ußl¿h-”d œ±l-◊-Ls• ÿu-‡˚W • L⁄j-’-Ls• L⁄j-’d ˙LÙ˚Y • ˘NÙp TVu-TÙ”• ˙Ut-˙LÙs-Ls • ˘UÙØ-S˚P• ÿ•-‹˚Wœ›d-L-Xk-’- W-VÙ-Pp

∏r Y⁄m Æ]Ùd-L-∞u YÙ´-XÙLd LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-Pp• T•-Um Gu-\Ùp Gu]?• œ±-¬” Gu-\Ùp Gu]?

◊’d LÆ-˚R-´u Y•-Ym, ˙RÙt-\m œ±j’ œ±l◊ G›-’-°-\Ùo-Ls

LÆ-˚R-L-∞u R≤j-Ru-˚U-Lsœ±j’ Lh-”-˚W-Ls RVÙ-¨d-°-\Ùo-Ls

52 L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

Cq-Æ-]Ùd-L-∞u A•l-T- P- p LXk-’- W-VÙ-”-°-\Ùo-Ls,TÙPl-T-œ-ß-´-¤s[ TÙPp-L-˚[-Ÿm YÙ£d-°-\Ùo-Ls.B£-¨-Vo T•-Um, œ±-¬” APe-°V TÙPp-L-˚[-ŸmT•Um œ±¬” œ±jR Æ[d-Le-L-˚[-Ÿm A∞j’Æ[dœ-°-\Ùo.• Ejß • T•-Um • œ±-¬”

Æ[d-L-ÿm G”j-’d LÙh-”mCd-L-Xk-’-˚W-VÙ-P-≠u A•l-T-˚P-´p T•-Um, œ±-¬”œ±j’d œ±l◊ RVÙ- d-°-\Ùo-Ls.B£- -Vo œ±l-◊-L˚[ Ußl-¿” Nn-°-\Ùo œ±l-©p CPm˘T\ ˙Yi-•-V˚Y.T•-Um œ±-¬” CYt˚\ A˚P-VÙ[e-LÙ-Qp.

LÆ˚R ˘UÙØ-Rp

Tp- Yfl Y•-Ye-L-∞-¤m —˚Y-L-∞-¤m A˚UkR LÆ˚R-L-˚[j ˘RÙœj’ Yœl-©p ·fl-°-\Ùo-Ls.• Af-Nm • ≈Wm• LÙRp • ˙LÙTm

LXk-’- W-VÙ-Pp

—˚Y-VÙ], œ±l-©hP Y•-Ye-L-∞p A˚UkR TÙPp-Lsœ±j’d LXk-’- W-VÙ-•V ©u TÙPp-L- [j RÙœd-°-\Ùo-Ls. ˘RÙœjR TÙPp-L˚[ C⁄ œ›d-L-[Ù-Ll ©¨k’TÙP˚Xl T•d°\ÙoLs. J⁄ œ› TÙ”m˙TÙ’ A”jRœ› Ußl-¿” Nn-V- Yi-”m. Ußl-¿h-”d œ±l-◊-L- [-Ÿm UÙQ-Yo-L˙[ E⁄-YÙdL ˙Yi-”m.Ußl-¿h-”d-œ-±l-◊-Ls• K˚N • ˙SWm • —˚Y• Ef-N-¨l◊ • TÙPp ˙Ro‹

• LÆ-˚R-Ls, Ejß T•-Um,œ±-¬” EY-˚U, E⁄-Y-Lm˙TÙu\ ·fl-L-[ÙpB]˚Y.

• LÆ-˚R-Ls Tp-˙Yfl Y•-Ym,—˚Y-L-[Ùp B]˚Y

53

L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

• œfl-°V Y•-Æp BZUÙ]L⁄j’-L˚[ EQoj-’-Y’ I·LÆ˚RVÙœm

'I· LÆ˚R-L∞u ˙RÙt\ÿmY[of£Ÿm ' Gu‡m ˘TÙ⁄∞pLh”˚W G›-’-°-\Ùo-Ls

Ußl-¿h” œ±l-◊-Ls UÙQ-Yo Ußl¿” B£-V-Yt˚\B£-¨-Vo ßhPd œ±l˙Th•p œ±l-©P Yi-”m.

B£-¨-Vo Ußl-¿”

LÆ˚R ˘UÙØ-R˚X SPj-R˚X Ußl-¿” ˘Nn-Ÿm C⁄-œ›d-L-˚[-Ÿm B£¨Vo Ußl-©-”-Rp ˙Yi-”m,A˙RÙ” ∏r Y⁄-Y-]-Yt-˚\-Ÿm LY-]j-ßp ˘LÙs[˙Yi-”m.

• K˚N • ˙SWm • —˚Y• Ef-N-¨l◊ • TÙPp ˙Ro‹

œ›-˚Y- U-ßl©-”-Rp

• ˙So˚U • S”-‹-®˚X˚U• R˚X- Ul-Ti◊ • Te-˙Lt◊

UÙt -flj -ß -\ -]Ù∞ UÙQ-Yo -L -fidœ G∞-˚U-VÙ]TÙPpL˚[d ˘LÙ”j’ LÆ˚R ˘UÙØR≠u Cflß´pTÙPf ˘NnRp ˙Yi”m. A±d˚L ˘Y∞´”Y’PuTjߨ˚Lf ˘Nnߟm RVÙ¨dL ˙Yi”m.

LXk-’- W-VÙ-Pp

• ˙RÙt-\m -• I · Y•-Ym• R≤j-Ru˚U

˙TÙu\ L⁄j-’-L-∞u ER-Æ-Ÿ-Pu LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-Pp S˚P-˘T\ ˙Yi-”m. TÙPl-T-œ-ß-´p Y⁄m I· LÆ˚Rœ±jR Lh-” -˚W -˚V-Ÿm TÙPpL˚[-Ÿm YÙ£dL˙Yi”m.

UÙQ-Yo-Ls œ±l-◊-L-˚[j RVÙ-¨d-L-˙Yi-”m UÙQ-Yo-L˙[ LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-P˚X Ußl-¿” ˘Nn-Rp ˙Yi-”m.• œfl-°V Y•-Ym • BZ-UÙ] L⁄j’• Íu-\Ù-Y’ Y¨-´p ÿd-°V L⁄j’ A˚U-Ÿm

Tp˙Yfl —˚Y Y•-Ym œ±j’œ±l◊ RVÙ- d-°-\Ùo-Ls.

54 L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

Lh-”˚WLXk-’- W-VÙ• G›-ßV L⁄j-’-L-∞u ’˚Q LÙi” I·LÆ- R- u RÙt-\-ÿm Y[of-£-Ÿm Gu\ TÙ⁄∞p Lh-”˚W G›-’-°-\Ùo-Ls.Tœl-TÙn‹ ˘NnRpCVt-˚L-˚Vl TÙ”-˘TÙ-⁄-[Ù-Ld ˘LÙiP TÙPp-L-˚[j˘RÙœj-’l Tœl-TÙn‹ Nn-°-\Ùo-Ls.TÙPl-T-œ-ß-´-¤s[ LÆ-˚R-L˚[ YÙ£d°-\Ùo-Ls.LXk-’- W-VÙ-PpCVt˚L AZ-œ, Y⁄-Q-˚], TÙ’-LÙl◊ AØ‹, —Wi-PpB°V Y˚L-˚U-´p Y˚Ll-T-”j-ßl -TÙ-Pp-L-˚[jßWh”°\Ùo-Ls. LXk-’- W-VÙ-”-°-\Ùo-Ls. LXk-’- W-VÙ-P-≠pCPm Tt\ L⁄j-’-L-∞-u A•l-T- P- p Tp- Yfl UÙØ˘Y∞¬h” Y•-Ye-L- [j RVÙ- j’ (Lh-”- W, NÙt- TÙ-Ø‹ E˚W, YÙN-Lo, L•-Rm, LÆ-˚R) ˘Y∞-´-”-°-\Ùo-Ls.B£-¨-Vo Ußl-¿”• Y•-Ym • Es-[-Pd-Lm• ˘NÙp Bfi˚U • ˘Y∞-¬h” Ejß• ˘UÙØ-S˚PCRr RVÙ- j-RpAX-°u Cfl-ß-´p LÆ-˚R-˚Vd œ±j-’j RVÙ-¨jR Tp-˙Yfl ˘UÙØ ˘Y∞-¬h” Y•-Ye-L-˚[-Ÿm ˘RÙœj’CRr ˘Y∞-´-”-°-\Ùo-Ls.B£-¨-Vo Cq-Æ-R˚Z Ußl-¿” Nn-°-\ÙoUßl¿h-”d-œ-±l-◊-Ls• CRr Y•-Ym • R˚Xl-◊j-˙Ro‹• Es-[-Pd-Lm (Lh-”-˚W, LÆ-˚R ˙TÙu-\-])• TPe-Ls.

• Gp-XÙd LÙXe-L-∞-¤mCVt˚L, LÆ˚RL∞uTÙ”˘TÙ-⁄[ÙL C⁄k’ Yk-’s-[’.

• LÆ-˚R˚V ÆUo-£d-œm ß\u.

'CVt- Ll TÙ’-LÙl◊' Gu-‡m R˚Xl-©p Ts∞ CR-Øp Lh-”˚W LÆ˚RB°-V-Yt˚\ G›-’-°-\Ùo-Ls.

CRr RVÙ-¨d-°-\Ùo-Ls

55

AXœl TœlTÙn‹ (Unitwise Analysis)

LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-Pp (÷˚Z‹f ˘NVpTÙ”)

B£¨Vo, LhPjßtœs A˚Uk’s[ CWi”LÆ˚RL˚[Ÿm SLXÙL YZe° ApX’ S›‹ TPjßuER-Æ-Ÿ-Pu LXk’˚WVÙ”Rp

l LÆ˚R Gu\Ùp Gu]?

l LÆ˚Rdœm E˚WS˚Pdœm Es[ ˙YflTÙ”(LXk’˚WVÙ•V L⁄j’L˚[ Y¨˚NlT”j’°\ÙoLs)

LÆ˚R""Es[j’ Es[’ LÆ˚R

˛ CuTmE⁄˘Y”lT’ LÆ˚R˘Rs[j ˘R∞kR R™Øp

˛ Ei˚U˘R¨k’˚WlT’ LÆ˚R''

˙YWp ˙Y≠ ˙Yod˙LÙh TXÆuNÙWp SÙP! ˘NqÆ˚V BœUß!VÙoA@’ A±kߣ ˙]Ù˙W? ˛ NÙWp£fl˙LÙh”l ˘T⁄mTZm Áe°VÙeœ CYsE´oRYf £±’; LÙU˙UÙ ˘T¨˙R!

˛ œflk˘RÙ˚L : 18 (œ±g£)

Ui¶p UWeL∞u Gi¶d˚L œ˚\kRÙp©WÙQ YÙŸ LÙt±≤p œ˚\Ÿm©WÙQ YÙŸ LÙt±≤p œ˚\kRÙpE]’ ©WÙQu LÙt±˙X L˚WŸmE]’ —YÙNjߤm ˙Yi”m G]’ ˙R˚YÆ—YÙNj˙RÙ” ·h” UWeL∞u Gi¶d˚L˚V

˛ ˘N. CWÙ_˙NLo˛ CVt˚L˚V ˙S£ ◊’dLÆ˚RLs

LÆ-˚Rd-œm E˚W S˚Pd-œm Es[ ˙Yfl-TÙh-•-˚]l ◊¨k’˘LÙi” UÙQ-Yo-Ls LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-•V L⁄j-’-L-˚[d œ±l◊ Y•-Æp ˘NVp-TÙh-”d œ±l-˙Th-•p Tß‹ ˘Nn-°-\Ùo-Ls.Tß‹ ˘Nn-Ÿm ˙TÙ’ ˙Ut-·-±V L⁄j-’-Ls CPm-˘Tt-fls-[] Gu-T˚R B£¨Vo Eflß

˘NnV ˙Yi-”m.

E˚WS˚P

J⁄Yo GqY[‹ ˙Yi”UÙ]Ù¤m CXd°Vf —˚YTt± ƨj’˚WdLXÙm.AkRf —˚Y Tt±V ˘NÙtL˘[pXÙm ˙R≤u CuTj˚Rf —˚YjRYu Nl◊d˘LÙh”Y’ ˙TÙu\˚YRÙm.AYu —˚Yj’j ß˚[lT˚Rd Li” ©\⁄m A˚Rf—˚Yj’ EQW ÿtTPXÙm.AqY[˙Y.

CXd°Vj ’˚\´p HtTPd·•V BWÙnf£ GjR˚LVRÙL C⁄dL ˙Yi”m. VÙu˘Tt\ CuTm ˘TflLCq˚YVLm Gu\ Y˚L´pCXd°VjRÙp J⁄Yu ˘Tt\CuTj˚Rl ©\⁄m A˚PYRtœ YØLÙh”YRÙL CXd°V BWÙnf£ C⁄dL ˙Yi-”m.

E˚WS˚P

l ƨj’ Æ[d° G›RlT”Y’l NÙRÙWQ ˘NÙt˘\ÙPWÙp B]’l G’˚L ˙UÙ˚] ˙R˚Y´p˚Xl G›’YRtœ A‡TYm Uh”m

˙TÙ’UÙ]’l ˘S°rf£Ÿm ˘T⁄dLÿm

E˚PV’

˘NnŸs

l EQoÆuTÙtThP’l LtT˚]˚V A•lT˚PVÙLd

˘LÙi”, EQo‹, AZœ B°VYt˚\d ·flY’

l —⁄dLÿm ˘N±‹m E˚PV’l LtT˚]´p ©\d°\’l NÍLl ©Wf£˚]L˚[ ˘Y∞l

T”j’Y’.

LÆ˚Rdœm E˚WS˚Pdœm Es[ YflTÙ”

56

œ›LXk’˚WVÙPp

LÆ˚RLs ˘Y∞dLÙh”mU≤R EQo‹Ls NÍLl©Wf£˚]Ls œ±j’d LXk’˚WVÙ”°\ÙoLs. Tp˙YflY•YeL∞¤s[ LÆ˚RL˚[Ÿm LXk’˚WVÙP¤dœEhT”jR ˙Yi”m. UW◊dLÆ˚R, ◊’dLÆ˚R˛Id·B°V Tp˙Yfl Y•YeL∞¤s[ LÆ˚RL˚[ B£¨VoSLXÙL A∞d°\Ùo.

SLp

l UW◊dLÆ˚Rl ◊’dLÆ˚Rl Id·

LXk’˚WVÙ•V L⁄j’L∞u A•lT˚P´p ˘NVpTÙh”d œ±l˙Th•p œ±l◊G›’°\ÙoLs.LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-P-≠u Cfl-ß-´p B£-¨-Vo UW-◊d-L-Æ-˚Rd-œm ◊’d-L-Æ-˚Rd-œm Es[ ˙Yfl-

TÙ-”-L-˚[j ˘RÙœj-’d- ·\˙Yi-”m.

UW-◊d-L-Æ˚R

l CXd-LQÿ˚P-V’l K˚N- S-V-ÿ-˚P-V’l ˘NÙt-˘N-±-‹-˚P-V’l A•-Y-˚W-V--˚\-Ÿi”l

UW◊d LÆ˚RBZ ˘S”kß˚W Bfl LPkßYo ˙TÙYÙ˙WÙ˙YZ ˘S”mT˚P Li” ÆXe°”m ÆpXÙ˙[Ù˙RÙZ˚U Gu\Yo NÙp≠V NÙp˘XÙ⁄ NÙpXu˙\ÙHZ˚U ˙YPu C\kßXu Gu˘\˚] HNÙ˙WÙ

˛ —kRWLÙiPm, LmTWÙUÙVQm

◊’dLÆ˚R""ÆØLsShNjßWeL˚[ Y⁄•]Ù¤mÆWpLs Gu]˙YÙ_u]p Lm©L˙[Ù” RÙu''

◊’d-L-Æ˚R

l CXd-L-Qm Cp˚Xl G∞V ˘NÙp-XÙh£l A•-Y-˚W-V˚\ Cp˚Xl

l

Id·""˙R´˚X T±l˙TÙ⁄mNÙnkR C˚X U˚\Æp ˙TÙnf ˘NÆNÙnlT˙WÙ œ´p TÙh”''

-˛ TÙPp 59""˙RÙhPj ’˚PlT˙U øTÙoj’l ˘T⁄dL‘m, ˘YiT≤RÙu˙TÙojß´⁄dœ’, C˚X''

˛ TÙPp 60˛ SÙpYo SÙÚfl˛ _lTÙ≤V ˚ad·

"A¶p ÿ’°¤mAZœ RÙuId·'

œ[mÿLm TÙodœm ®XÙœ∞dLÙUp ß⁄m©˙]u.

˛ ™jWÙ

57

TÙP Æ[d-Lm

UÙ‡Pm

B£¨Vo TtflYW‹ Gu\ LÆ˚R´p U≤Ru CVt˚L˚Vl TÙ’LÙdLÙUp AØj’d˘LÙi•⁄lTRu ®˚X˚V Æ[dœ°\Ùo. CkRl È™dœ ˘Yfle˚L˙VÙ” ©f˚NdLÙW]ÙLYk’Æh” È™dœd LP]Ù∞VÙLf NÙL ˙Yi”UÙ Gufl ˙Lh°\Ùo. CVt˚L´uJq˘YÙ⁄ ˘TÙ⁄˚[Ÿm U≤Ru TVuT”j’°\Ùu. ARtœl TßXÙL AYu Gu]˘Nn°\Ùu Gu\ ˙LsÆ˚V G›l◊ °\Ùo.G]˙Y ø CVt˚LR⁄m YWl ©WNÙReL˚[ CXYN UÙLl˘Ttfld ˘LÙs °\Ù˙V.ARtLÙL ø CVt˚L˚Vl TÙ’LÙdL˙Yi”m Gu°\Ùo.U≤R‡dœ Uh”kRÙuB\ÙY’ A±‹Es[’. A˚R ø N¨VÙLl TVuT”jßd˘LÙs. CVt˚L˚Vl TÙ’LÙj’ U≤R˙SVj’Pu Æ[eœY˙R U≤RjRu˚U Gu°\Ùo. ø È™´p YÙrkRRtLÙ] RPVj˚RÆh”f ˘Np. J⁄ RPVÿ™pXÙUp UWQU˚PV ø ˘YhLlTP˙Yi”m Gu°\Ùo.

UÙ‡Pjßu ß⁄ÆZÙ

U≤R‡dœm CVt˚LdœUÙ] ˙YflTÙ”L˚[d ·flYRuYÙ´XÙL UÙ‡Pj˚R Æ[dœ°\Ùo. U≤R]Ùp E⁄YÙdLlThP˚Y CVt˚Ldœ C˚QVÙLÙ’ GuT˚Rf —h”°\Ùo.˙LÙXjßtLÙL CPlT”m ◊s∞Ls J›eLÙ]˚YVÙLC⁄kRÙ¤m ShNjßWeL∞u AZœ ARt°p˚X. U≤RuE⁄YÙd°V YÙndLÙpLs ˙TÙp SßLs ˙SWÙL KPÆp˚X˘Vu\Ù¤m SßL∞u AZœ YÙndLÙ¤d°p˚X.C’˙TÙufl U≤Ru E⁄YÙd°V ÈeLÙdLs, TÙ”mNe∏Rm, B”m SP]m, U≤R≤u —RkßWm GuflU≤R≤u Jq˘YÙ⁄ ˘NV˚XŸm CVt˚L˙VÙ” Jl©h”

Ußl¿h”d œ±l◊Lsl ÿu‡˚Wl L⁄j’Lsl Y•Yml L⁄j’d ˙LÙ˚Yl ˘UÙØS˚Pl ÿ•‹˚W

—V-U-ßl-¿h”l T•-Ym

Lh-”˚W

Ei” Cp˚X

l ÿu‡˚Wl L⁄j’Lsl Y•Yml L⁄j’d ˙LÙ˚Yl ˘UÙØS˚Pl ÿ•‹˚W

Ußl¿”

UÙQYoLs œ›YÙL Y˚L˚UL˚[ Ußl¿” ˘Nn°\ÙoLs.l Y•Ym l TÙ”˘TÙ⁄s l S˚P ˙YflTÙ”

UÙQ-Yo-L-∞u ˘NVp-TÙh-˚P-Ÿm Ußl-¿h-”d œ±l-◊-L-˚[-Ÿm Ußl-©-”-°-\Ùo-Lsl UÙQYo-Ls Te-L-∞l◊ l ˙Tf-NÙt-\p l L⁄j-’d-˙LÙ˚Y

Lt\p A˚P‹

l LÆ˚RLs ˘Y∞lT”j’m U≤R EQo‹L˚[d œ±lTÙLj RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.l LÆ˚R´u Y˚L˚ULs Tt±V œ±l◊j RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

58

CVt˚Ldœ C˚QVÙLÙ’ Gu°\Ùo. ˘NVt˚L˚V ÆP CVt˚L˙V AZLÙ]’.AeœRÙu UÙ‡Pm £\lT˚P°\’ Gufl B£¨Vo Æ[dœ°\Ùo. ClTÙP≠¤mB£¨Vo U≤R ˙SVj˚RŸm CVt˚L˚VŸm TÙ’LÙdL ˙Yi”m GuT˚RY≠Ÿflj’°\Ùo.

Lh”˚W G›’Rp

UÙQYoLs TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£d°\ÙoLs. C⁄ œ›YÙLl ©¨d°\Ùo.

Jq˘YÙ⁄ Tœß˚VŸm C⁄ œ›‹dœm A∞jRp. TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£dœm ˙TÙ’B£¨Vo £fl£fl Æ]ÙdLs YÙ´XÙLl T´t£ A∞j’ AYt±u L⁄j’L˚[j˘RÙœdœmT• ·\XÙm.

∏rY⁄m Æ]ÙdL∞u A•lT˚P´p LXk’˚WVÙ”°\ÙoLs.

l CVt˚L˚Vl TÙ’LÙdL ˙Yi”m. Hu?

l CVt˚L AØ‹ HtT”YRtœ LÙWQm U≤Ru Uh”UÙ?

l TÙPlTœß´p Es[ TÙP¤m TÙPp L⁄j’Lfiml ◊’dLÆ˚R´u ˙RÙt\m Utflm Y[of£Jq˘YÙ⁄ œ›‹m AYWYo Tœß˚Vl T•j’ ˙Ut·±V Æ]ÙdL∞u Æ˚P LÙ‘mY˚L´p LXk’˚WVÙP ˙Yi”m.ÿd°VUÙ] L⁄j’L˚[l Tp˙Yfl LÆ˚RL˚[Ÿm L⁄j’L˚[Ÿm œ±j’dLXk’˚WVÙ•V UÙQYoLs Y•Y˙YflTÙ” ◊’dLÆ˚R´u ˙RÙt\m, LÆ˚RdL⁄j’Ls B°VYt˚\d œ±j’d œ±l◊ RVÙ¨j’ YÙ£d°\ÙoLs. UÙQYoLsRVÙ¨jR œ±l◊L˚[ UÙQYoLs —V-UÙL Ußl©”°\ÙoLs. —V-U-ßl-¿h”l T•-Ym∏˙Z RWl-Th-”s-[-’. B£¨Vo AYt˚\ Ußl©h” B£¨Vo ßhPdœ±l˙Th•pTß‹ ˘NnV ˙Yi”m.

Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

l ◊’dLÆ˚RL∞u Y•Ym ˙RÙt\m œ±jR œ±l◊Ls G›’°\ÙoLs.l LÆ˚RL∞u R≤jRu˚ULs œ±j’d LXk’˚WVÙ• UÙQYoLs Lh”˚WLs

G›’°\ÙoLs.

LÆ˚R ˘UÙØRp

Tp˙Yfl Y•YeL∞p A˚UkR LÆ˚RL˚[Ÿm LÆ˚Rd L⁄j’L˚[Ÿm ◊¨k’˘LÙiP UÙQYoL∞Pm LÆ˚Rj ˘RÙœl◊ E⁄YÙdLf ˘NnRp ˙Yi”m. Tp˙Yfl—˚Y, Y•Ym, L⁄j’Ls A˚UkR TÙPpL˚[j ˘RÙœj’ AYt˚\ Y¨˚NlT”j’°\ÙoLs. B£¨V⁄m Tp˙Yfl LÆ˚RL˚[Ÿm LÆ˚R ËpL˚[Ÿm A∞dL˙Yi”m. ËXLj˚RŸm TVuT”jRd ·\ ˙Yi”m. Yœl◊ UÙQYoLs C⁄œ›dL[ÙLl ©¨k’ LÆ˚R UÙØRp NVpTÙh˚P SPj’°\ÙoLs. LÆ˚R UÙØRp˘NVpTÙh•tLÙ] BVjReL˚[ UÙQYoL˙[ ˘NnRp.

l SÙs l A˚Zl©Rrl Yœl◊ AXeLÙWm

l R˚XYo ˙Ro‹ l R˚X˚Ul ˘TÙfll◊

LÆ˚RL˚[j ˘RÙœj’d LXk’˚WVÙPp SPj’m˙TÙ’ B£¨Vo LY≤dL ˙Yi•VL⁄j’Ls:

59

l ˘UÙØS˚P l A[‹ l ˘TÙ⁄s / ˘R∞‹l ˚UVdL⁄j’ l SVm

LÆ˚R ˘UÙØR¤dLÙ] TÙPpLs £X AX°u Cflß´p LÙiL. (TÙPp 1 ÿRp 6 Y˚W)

LÆ˚R ˘UÙØR≠u ˙TÙ’S˚P˘Tflm ˘NVpÿ˚\˚VB£¨Vo Ußl©P ˙Yi”m.LÆ˚R ˘UÙØRp SÙ[uflCflß´p Au˚\V ˘NVpTÙ”L˚[ A±d˚LVÙL G›ß˘Y∞´P ˙Yi”m. UflSÙsTjߨ˚L´p ˘Y∞´”m˘TÙ⁄h” J⁄ Tjߨ˚Lf˘Nnß˚V UÙQYoLs RVÙ¨dL ˙Yi”m. LÆ˚R ˘UÙØR¤dLÙ] Ußl¿h”dœ±l◊L˚[ UÙQYoL˙[ E⁄YÙd° Ußl©P ˙Yi”m.

J⁄ œ›˚Y B£-¨-Vo Ußl-©-”m-˙TÙ’ ˙R˚Yl-T-”m Ußl-¿h-”d œ±l-◊-Ls.

œ›-˚Y-U-ßl-©-”-Rp

l ˙So˚U

l S”-‹®˚X-˚U

l R˚X-˚Ul-Ti◊

l Te-˙Lt◊

UÙtfljß\]Ù∞ UÙQYoLs G∞˚UVÙ] TÙPpL˚[ ˘UÙØV B£¨V˙WÙ, NLUÙQYoL˙[Ù ERY ˙Yi”m

UÙtfljß\]Ù∞ UÙQYoLfidœ J≠ J∞ FPLm TVuT”jßl TÙPpL˚[d ˙LhLf˘NnVXÙm.

Ußl¿”

UÙQYoLs Ußl¿” ˘Nn°\ÙoLs. B£¨Vo Cflß´p Ußl¿” ˘Nn’ UÙQYoLsUßl©hP Ußl¿h”d œ±l◊L˚[l Tjߨ˚Lf ˘Nnß, A±d˚L B°VYt˚\ Ußl¿”

˘NnV ˙Yi”m.

Lt\p A˚P‹

l Tjߨ˚Lf ˘Nnß RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

l LÆ˚R ˘UÙØRp ®Lrf£dLÙ] A±d˚L RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

l Tp˙Yfl —˚YL∞p A˚UkR LÆ˚RL˚[j ßWh”°\ÙoLs.

l LÆ˚RL∞u R≤jRu˚ULs œ±j’d œ±l◊ RVÙ¨j’d Lh”˚W G›’°\ÙoLs.

LXk’˚WVÙPp

LÆ˚RL∞u ·flL[Ù] T•Um, Ejß, œ±¬” B°V˚Y œ±j’d LXk’˚WVÙ”°\ÙoLs. TÙPlTœß´¤s[ TÙP˚XŸm AYt±tœ C˚P˙V A˚Uk’s[ T•Umœ±¬” B°VYt˚\Ÿm YÙ£d°\ÙoLs. T•Um, œ±¬” B°VYt±u Æ[dLj˚RUÙQYoLs LXk’˚W-VÙ”m ˙TÙ’ B£¨Vo A∞dL ˙Yi”m. T•Um œ±¬” A˚UkR

œ›U-ßl-¿h”l T•-Ym

LÆ˚R ˘UÙØ-Rp

N¨-VÙ-]’ N¨-VpXl K˚Nl ˙SWml —˚Yl EfN¨l◊l œWp Ht\jRÙr‹l œWp Y[m

60

G”j’dLÙh” L˚[Ÿm UÙQYo-Lfidœ A∞dL ˙Yi”m. T•Umœ±¬” Tt±V œ±l◊ RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.˘RÙPok’ TÙPl Tœß´p Es[L⁄j’L˚[ LXk’˚W VÙP ˙Yi”m.Jq˘YÙ⁄ œ›Æp Es[ UÙQYoLfim TÙPp L⁄jß˚] E˚WS˚PVÙLY•Y˚Ul◊ ˘NnV ˙Yi”m. TÙPpL⁄j’L˚[ UÙQYoLs N¨VÙLl◊¨k’ ˘LÙs[h”m.

Ußl¿”

UÙQYoLs J⁄Y⁄d˘LÙ⁄YoUßl¿” ˘Nn°\ÙoLsB£¨Vo ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] TÙPp ˛Æ[dLm B°VYt±u A•lT˚P´pUßl¿” ˘NnV˙Yi”m. (˙R˚YVÙ]Æ[dLm TdLm 22Cp LÙiL)

Lt\p A˚P‹

TÙPp L⁄j’L˚[ Y•YUÙt\m˘Nn°\ÙoLs.T•Um œ±¬” œ±j’ Æ[dLUÙLG”jRdLÙh”LfiPu œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.£\l◊d Lh”˚W G›’°\ÙoLs.

£flLh”˚W G›’Rp

Id· LÆ˚RL∞u ˙RÙt\m Y•Ym L⁄j’Ls B°V˚Y œ±jR ˘TÙ’d LXk’˚WVÙPpSPj’°\ÙoLs. LXk’˚WVÙP≠p CPm˘T\ ˙Yi•V L⁄j’Ls

l ˙RÙt\m l Y•Ym l L⁄j’Ls

TÙPlTœß´¤s[ TÙP˚XŸm Id· TÙP˚Xd œ±jR Æ[dLj˚RŸm YÙ£d°\ÙoLs.Id· LÆ˚RLs Tt±V œ±l◊Ls RVÙ¨j’ YÙ£d°\ÙoLs.

B£-¨-Vo LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-•V L⁄j-’-L˚[j ˘RÙœj’ YZeœm ˙TÙ’ CPm˘T\ ˙Yi•VL⁄j’Ls.

l _l-TÙ-≤V CXd-°V Y˚L-L-fis Jufll ˙RÙt\m 15Bm Ët-\Ùi”l £±V Y•-Yml 5 Y˚L-VÙ-Ll ©¨j-’s-[-]ol Id·Æu ©u-YkR LÆ˚R Y•-Ye-L-fidœ A•l-T-˚P-VÙL A˚Uk-R-].

TÙP-Æ-[d-Lm

œ⁄Ædœ ˙Yi”˙LÙs

U≤Ru LÙh˚P AØj’d Lh•PeLsLh•VRÙp T\˚YLfidœj Reœ™P™pXÙRRÙp ≈h•tœs ·”LhP Y⁄°\’.U≤Ru AlT\˚YL˚[ ÆWh• Æ”°\Ùu.Ru ≈h” Nu]pLs Ru ≈h•tœs C⁄dœm—YÙNm ˘Y∞˙V ˙TÙYRtLÙL‹m Ru ≈h”j’¶Ls EXoYRtLÙL‹m LÙtfl Es˙[Y⁄YRtLÙL‹m RÙu C⁄d°u\]. UÙ\ÙLEs˙[ YWÙ˙R œ⁄Æ˙V Gufl ÆWh”°\Ùu.SÙh•p UWeLs Es[]YpXYÙ? ø Hu Gu≈h•tœs ·” LhP Y⁄°\Ùn. Eu˚]A‡l©˚YjR’ VÙo? Gufl ˙Lh°\Ùo.Adœ⁄ÆVÙp Ru ≈” A—jRUÙ°Æ”mGuTRÙp AYu A˚R ÆWh”°\Ùu.CdLÆ˚R U≤R≤u —VSXj˚RŸmCVt˚L˚V AØdœm U]®˚X˚VŸmLÙh”°\’. U≤Ru CVt˚L˚V AØj’SLWj˚R E⁄YÙdœYRÙp T\˚YLsYÙØP™u±j RÆd°u\] GuT˚R B£¨Vo—h”°\Ùo.

61

I· LÆ˚RLs

LÙQÙUp ˙TÙnÆhP’F¨u œ[m Uh”UpXAßp ®Rm œ∞jR ®X‹m ·P

Gi˘Qnd œZÙnLsUi˚Ql ◊QokRßp°ØkR ˘Ru]˙YÙK˙NÙu ß˚W RÙu

Tj’LÙ°Rl Tk’Lfidœl©uUWeL˚[d ˘LÙpXÙæoGufl ’YVe°V’ LÆ˚R

˚a· LÆ˚R˚Vÿ’°p —UlT˚YA¶pLs

JhP˚P˚V ALt\ÙæoLsTÙYm£Xkß´u ≈”

E\eœm ææl˘Th•dœsædœf£Ls

A⁄Y⁄l◊ ApXE˚Zl©u ®\mL⁄l◊

˛ C˚QVm

TœlTÙn‹

CVt˚L˚Vl TÙ”˘TÙ⁄[ÙLd LÙiP TÙPpL˚[j RÙœj’l TœlTÙn‹ Nn°\ÙoLsTÙPpLs ˘RÙœd°\ÙoLs.

—VU-ßl-¿h”l T•-Ym

Lh”˚W

Ei” Cp˚X

A±ÿL ˙SÙd°p ˚a· LÆ˚R

_lTÙ≤VoL∞u YÙrd˚L ÿ˚\´u CXd°V ˘Y∞lTÙ”RÙu ˚a· LÆ˚RLs.°ZdLjßV TiTÙh•u £\l˚T ˘Y∞lT”j’°u\] CdLÆ˚RLs. CdLÆ˚RL∞uR≤jRu˚UL˚[l Tt± ClTÙPlTœß Æ[dœ°\’. I· LÆ˚R´u ˙RÙt\m, ARuY•Y Y˚LLs Tt±Ÿm Æ[dœ°\’. LhPqPÙ, ˘N˙PÙLÙ, ˙NÙLÙ, RÙuLÙ, C˘WeLÙ˙TÙu\ Y•YeLs ©u]o ˙RÙu±V I· Y•YeLfidœ ÿu˙]Ù•VÙLj ßLrkR].

YÙ]j˚R AZ˚YdœmAt◊Rl ÈfNÙi•UWm

YÙ≤≠⁄k’ œßj’mLÙVm Cp˚XU˚Zj’∞

l ÿu‡˚Wl L⁄j’d˙LÙ˚Yl UÙØS˚Pl Y•Ym

LXk’˚WVÙ•V L⁄j-’-L-∞u ’˚Q˘LÙi” Id· 'LÆ-˚R-L-∞u R≤jRu˚ULs' Gu\R˚Xl©p Lh”˚W RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

Ußl¿”

B£¨Vo Lh”˚WdLÙ] Ußl¿h”d œ±l◊L∞u A•lT˚P´p Ußl¿” ˘NnV˙Yi”m.

Lt\p A˚P‹

Id· LÆ˚RL∞u R≤jRu˚ULs œ±jR Lh”˚W RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

62

TÙPpL∞u L⁄j’Ls œ±jR LXk’˚WVÙPpTÙPlTœß´p Es[ TÙPp L⁄jß˚]Ÿm C˚Qj’ CVt˚L˚Vl TÙ’LÙlTRuAY£Vj˚RŸm LXk’˚WVÙP¤dœ EhT”j’°\ÙoLs

l LXk’˚WVÙPp L⁄j’Ls

l CVt˚L Y⁄Q˚]

l CVt˚Ll TÙ’LÙl◊

l —WiP¤dœ GßWÙ] U]lTÙu˚U

l CVt˚L˚V AØjRp

l E´¨]eLfim CVt˚LŸm

CVt˚Ll TÙ’LÙl◊ œ±j’ œ±l◊Ls RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLsLXk’˚WVÙP≠p L⁄j’L˚[ Y˚LlT”jßd ·flY˚R UÙQYoL˙[ Ußl¿”˘Nn°\ÙoLs.CVt˚Ll TÙ’LÙl◊ Gu‡m R˚Xl©p LÆ˚RLs, ˚a·, Lh”˚WLs, ’‘dœLsÿjß˚W YÙd°VeLs ˙TÙu\Yt˚\ G›ßl Ts∞ UX¨p ˘Y∞´”°\ÙoLs.

CRr RVÙ-¨j-Rp

Cq-Y-X-°u YÙ´-XÙ-Ld °˚PjR ˘UÙØ ˘Y∞-¬h” Y•-Ye-L˚[j ˘RÙœj’ CRrRVÙ¨d°-\Ùo-Ls. CR˚Z B£-¨-Vo Ußl-©-”-°-\Ùo.

CR˚Z Ußl©”YRtLÙ] B£-¨-Vo Ußl-¿h”d œ±l-◊-LsUßl-¿h”d œ±l-◊-Ls

l CRr Y•-Ym l Y•-Yml R˚Xl-◊j ˙Ro‹ l Es-[-Pd-Lml Es-[-Pd-Lm l ˘NÙp Bfi˚Ul TPe-Ls l ˘Y∞-¬h” Ejß

l ˘UÙØ-S˚P

Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

CVt˚Ll TÙ’LÙl◊ Gu\ ˘TÙ⁄∞p Lh”˚W G›’°\ÙoLsYœl©p S˚P˘Tflm ˘NVpÿ˚\˚V B£¨Vo Ußl©h” Teacher Planner˛Cp Tß‹˘NnV ˙Yi”m.

˘RÙPo Ußl¿”

l LXk’˚WVÙPpl LÆ˚RL˚[j ˘RÙœjRpl TœlTÙn‹ ˘NnRpl ÆYÙßjRp

T⁄Y Ußl¿h•tLÙ] ˘NVpTÙ”Ls

l œ±l◊ RVÙ¨jRpl Lh”˚WLsl ÆYÙRd œ±l◊l ÆUoN]d œ±l◊l £flLh”˚Wl Jl¿h”dœ±l◊l L⁄jRWeLd Lh”˚Wl Tjߨd˚Lf ˘Nnßl Tp˙Yfl ˘UÙØ ˘Y∞¬h” Y•YeL∞p

CVt˚L Tt±Vf ˘NnßL˚[ ˘Y∞´”Rp(Lh”˚W, TZ˘UÙØLs.....)

l A±d˚L

AXœj ˙Ro‹

AXœ ®˚\‹ ˘Tt\ ©uAXœj ˙Ro‹ SPjß Ußl¿”˘NnV ˙Yi”m

63

Æ]Ùd-Ls

1. E´-¨-]e-L-∞p U≤-Ru Uh-”mRÙuAW-£-Vp L˚X-˚Vd Li-”-©-•j-R-YuB\Ù-Y’ A±‹ Gu-T’ Yg-N-L-Y-˚XVÙ?E´-]e-L-∞p U≤-Ru Uh-”m RÙuNL-U-≤-R-≤u LÙ≠p Æ›k’ YQe-œ-T-YuB\Ù-Y’ A±‹ Gu-T’ —V-U-¨-VÙ-˚R-´u Lp-X-˚\VÙ?

˛ Cq-Y-¨-L˚[ YÙ£j’ ÆUo-N-]d œ±l◊j RVÙo ˘NnL (Analysis)

2. ◊’d-L-Æ-˚R-´u Y⁄-˚L-Ÿm Æ˚[-‹m Tt-±V Ee-Ls L⁄j-’-L˚[f £fl Lh-”-˚W-VÙLG›-’L. (Synthesis)

3. ©\k-R’ SÙh-”l-◊-\l TÙP-XÙnY[ok-R’ ◊’d-L-Æ-˚R-VÙnU¨j’ Æh-PÙp SÙ‡m UW-◊d-L-Æ˚R RÙu

˛ ˙LÙU-ß- u ˚Uk-Ru

Cd-L-Æ-˚R-´p APe-°-´⁄l-T’

l T•Uml œ±-¬”l EY˚Ul E⁄-Y-Lm

4. ·” LhP ÆPÙ-UÙh-˙Pu£u-]d-œ-⁄-Æ˙V Gu ≈h”Nu-]p-Ls ß\k-ß-⁄d-Ld- LÙ-W-QmT⁄-Yd-LÙt-fl-Ls Es˙[ YW

Cl-TÙ-Pp Y¨-L-∞p ˘Y∞l-T-”m SL-W-U-V-UÙ-R-≠u æV Æ˚[-‹-Ls œ±k-’d œ±l◊G›-’L.

5. E´-¨-Vp Uo-Um ˙R•E˚Zd-°u-˙\ÙmCq-YÙfl LÆ-Oo S. ©f-N-Íojß ·flm L⁄j˚R Cu-]\V Y[of-£-˙VÙ” Jl-¿” ˘Nn-L.

6. SUd-°-⁄l-T’ ˙TÙpT\-˚Y-L-⁄dœSÙ”-L-fimGp-˚X-L-fim Cp˚XB]ÙpT\-˚Y-L-∞u —Rk-ß-WmSm-™-Pm Cp-˚X.Cd-L-Æ-˚Rd L⁄j-ß˚] ÆUof-£j-’d œ±l◊ RVÙ-¨d-L.

64

7. ◊’d-L-Æ-˚Rd-œm UW-◊d-L-Æ-˚Rd-œm Es[ ˙Yfl-TÙ-”-L˚[ G›-’LUu-≤dL ˙Yi-”mCl-T-•f ˘NÙp-Y-Rt-œGu-˚]-™LUu-≤dL ˙Yi-”mTW-T-Wl-TÙn Æ˚W-°u\SÙh-˘TÙ-›-ßp—fl—fllTÙnf —˚Yd-Lf£fl-’i•’‹mC⁄d-Lh-”˙U G]G”j’ Yk’YÙLÙn ˚YjR CPmø T”jR CPmG] U\k’ Æh-P-RtœUu-≤dL ˙Yi-”mGu˚] ™LUu-≤dL ˙Yi-”m

(RÙ-Uv aÙo-•-´u Be-°-Xd LÆ-˚R-´-˚]j- R-›-Æj R™-Øp) ˛ R™-Zf£

8. I· LÆ-˚R-Ls ˙RÙu-±V SÙ”(Ck-ß-VÙ, ©≠l-˚Tuv, ∫]Ù, _l-TÙu)

9. ◊’d-L-Æ-˚Rd-œm I· LÆ-˚Rd-œm Es[ ˙Yfl-TÙ” œ±j-’d œ±l◊ G›-’L

10. ˙ULj-ßu ø˚W-ŸmNk-ßW „¨V Æ[d-œ-L-˚[-ŸmTVu-T-”j-ß-]Ù˙VLhPQm Lh•V’iPÙ?CVt-˚L-˚Vj-Ru YÙrd-˚L-´p ™œ-ß-VÙLA‡-T-ÆjR ˙TÙ’m CVt-˚L˚V AØd-L-˙Y ÿVp--°-\Ùu U≤-Ru.ClTÙPp A•-Ls YØ-VÙL Al-’p Wœ-UÙu ·\ ®˚]l-T’ Gu]? ÆUoN]m ˘Nn-L.

11. T•-Uj-ßt-œm œ±l-¿h-•t-œm Es[ ˙Yfl-TÙ-”-L-˚[d LÆ-˚Rf £™r- Gu\ TÙPl-T-œ-ß-´u ’˚Q ˘LÙi” G›-’-L.

12. CVt˚L-˙VÙ” Ju± YÙZ ˙Yi-•V U≤-Ru CVt-˚L-˚Vf —Wi-”-°-\Ùu CVt˚LdœGß-WÙ-Lf ˘NVp-T-”m U≤-R-˚]l Tt± Al-’p Wœ-UÙu UÙ‡-Pj-ßu ß⁄-ÆZÙ Gu\LÆ-˚R-´p ·fl-Y-]-Yt˚\ Æ[d-œ-L.

’˚Q ËpLs

1. TÙWßVÙo LÆ˚RLs ˛ TÙWßVÙo2. TÙWßRÙNu LÆ˚RLs

˛ TÙ˙YkRo TÙWßRÙNu3. ˙RÙ˚L˘VpXÙm ’lTÙd°Ls

˛ BiPÙs ©¨VRoµ≤4. Tf˚N ˙RY˚R ˛ NpUÙ5. J⁄ UÙ˚X Cu˘]Ù⁄ UÙ˚XŸm

˛ NpUÙ

6. BXÙT˚] ˛ Al’pWœUÙu7. Gg˙NÙh”l˘Ti

˛ R™Zf£j ReLTÙi•Vu8. ◊’dLÆ˚R´u ˙RÙt\ÿm

Y[of£Ÿm ˛ Yp≠dLiQu9. ©fNÍojßd LÆ˚RLs

˛ S. ©fNÍojß10. OÙ]d·jRu LÆ˚RLs

˛ OÙ]d·jRu

65

TÙWR ˙RNm

TÙWR ˙RN˘Uufl ˘TVo ˘NÙp¤YÙo ˛ ™•lTVe ˘LÙp¤YÙo ’Vol T˚L ˘Yp¤YÙo˘Ys∞l T≤U˚X´u ¡’X‹˙YÙm A•˙U˚Xd LPp ÿ›’e LlTp Æ”˙YÙmTs∞j RXU˚]j’e ˙LÙ´p ˘Nnœ˙YÙm

GeLsTÙWR ˙RN˘Uufl ˙RÙs ˘LÙh”˙YÙm

£eL[j æƇd˙LÙo TÙXU˚Ul˙TÙm˙N’˚Y ˙U”fljß ≈ßN˚Ul˙TÙmYeLjß˙XÙ• Y⁄m ø¨u ™˚LVÙp˚UVj’ SÙ”L∞t T´o ˘Nnœ˙YÙm.

˘Yh”d L≤Ls ˘Nn’ ReLÿ RXÙm˙Yfl TX ˘TÙ⁄fie œ˚Pk˘R”l˙TÙmGh”j ß˚NL∞¤g ˘Nu±˚Y Æt˙\Gi‘m ˘TÙ⁄[˚]j’m ˘LÙi”

Y⁄˙YÙm.

ÿj’d œ∞lT˘RÙ⁄ ˘RuLP≠˙X˘UÙnj’ Y¶LoTX SÙh•]o Yk˙RSjß SUd°≤V ˘TÙ⁄s ˘LÙQok’SmU⁄s ˙Yi”Y’ ˙UtL˚W´˙X

£k’ Sß´u ™˚N ®XÆ≤˙X˙NW Su]Ùh•[m ˘TiLfiP˙]—kRWj ˘R¤e°≤t TÙh•˚Nj’j˙RÙ¶L˙[Ùh• Æ˚[VÙ• Y⁄˙YÙm

Le˚L Sßl◊\j’d ˙LÙ’˚Ul TiPmLÙƨ ˘Yt±˚Xdœ UÙfl˘LÙsfi˙YÙm£eL UWÙh•Vo ReLÆ˚R ˘LÙi”˙NWj’j RkReLs T¨N∞l˙TÙm.

LÙ£ SLol◊XYo ˙T—ÿ˚WRÙuLÙg£´t ˙LhTRt˙LÙo L⁄Æ˘Nn˙YÙmWÙN◊jRÙ]j’ ≈Wo RUdœSp≠Vt Lu]Pj’j ReLU∞l˙TÙm

Th•≤XÙ˚PŸm Tg£¤˚PŸmTi¶ U˚XL˘[] ≈ß œÆl˙TÙmLh•j ßWÆVeLs ˘LÙi” Y⁄YÙoLÙ£≤ Y¶L⁄d L˚Y ˘LÙ”l˙TÙm

BŸRm Nn˙YÙm SpX LÙ°Rm Nn˙YÙmB˚XLs ˚Yl˙TÙm LpÆf NÙ˚XLs

˚Yl˙TÙmKŸRp ˘Nn˙VÙm R˚X NÙŸRp ˘Nn˙VÙmEi˚ULs ˘NÙp˙YÙm TX Yi˚ULs

˘Nn˙YÙm

œ˚PLs Nn˙YÙm E›T˚PLs Nn˙YÙm˙LÙ¶Ls ˘Nn˙YÙm C⁄mTÙ¶Ls

˘Nn˙YÙmS˚PŸm T\l◊ÿQo Yi•Ls ˘Nn˙YÙmOÙXm S”eLY⁄m LlTpLs ˘Nn˙YÙm

UkßWeLt˙TÙm Æ˚]j RkßWeLt˙TÙmYÙ˚]V[l˙TÙm LPp ¡˚]V[l˙TÙmNkßWUiPXjßVp Li” ˘R∞˙YÙmNkß ˘R⁄l˘T⁄dœm NÙjßWeLt˙TÙmLÙÆVg ˘Nn˙YÙm SpX LÙ” Y[ol˙TÙmL˚XY[ol˙TÙm LÙpX⁄˚X Y[ol˙TÙmKÆVm Nn˙YÙm SpX F£Ls Nn˙YÙmEXLj ˘RÙØX˚]j’ ÿYk’ ˘Nn˙YÙm

NÙß CWi˘PÙØV ˙Y±p˚X ˘Vu˙\R™rULs ˘NÙp≠V ˘NÙp A™rR

˘Uu˙TÙmøߢS±´≤ufl ©\odœR‹m˙So˚UVo ˙UXYo; ∏ZYo Ut˙\Ùo.

˛ TÙWßVÙo LÆ˚RLs

TÙPp ˛ 1

66

£XlTßLÙWm

YÙ´˙XÙ˙V YÙ´˙XÙ˙V!

A±Y˚\ ˙TÙ°V ˘TÙ±Vfl ˘SgNj’C˚\ÿ˚\ ©˚Zj˙RÙu YÙ´˙XÙ˙VC˚QV¨f £Xm˘TÙu˙\kßV ˚LVsLQY˚] ´ZkRÙs L˚PVLjRÙ˘[uflA±ÆlTÙ˙V! A±ÆlTÙ˙V G]YÙ´˙XÙu YÙØ˘Ve LÙt˚L Yk˙R YÙØ!˘Ru]m ˘TÙ⁄l©u R˚XY YÙØ!˘NØV YÙØ ˘Ru]Y YÙØ!TØ˘VÙ” TPWÙl TgNY YÙØ!APoj˘R› œ⁄ßVPeLÙl T—k’¶l©PojR˚Xl ¿Pm H±V UPd˘LÙ•˘Yt±˙Yt\Pd˚Ld ˘LÙt\˚Y VpXsAflYod°˚[V Se˚L C˚\Y˚]BPpLiP⁄∞V AQeœ „⁄˚PdLÙ]Lm °ØjR ˘Ti‘UpXs˘Nt\]s ˙TÙ¤m ˘N´ojR]s ˙TÙ¤m˘TÙt˘\ÙØp £Xm˘TÙu ˙\kßV ˚LVsLQY˚] CZkRÙs L˚PVLjRÙ˙[LQY˚] CZkRÙs L˚PVLjRÙ˙[ G]Y⁄L Ut\Ys R⁄L De˘L]YÙ´p Yk’ ˙LÙ´p LÙhPd˙LÙ´p Uu]˚]d œfl°]s ˘NuflØøoYÙo Li˚Q Gmÿu Yk˙RÙnVÙ˚W˙VÙ! ø UPd˘LÙ•˙VÙn G]j˙RWÙ Uu]Ù ˘Nl◊Y’˚P˙VuGs[fl £\l©u C˚UVYo ÆVlTl◊sfifl ◊uLi æoj˙RÙu Au±ŸmYÙ´t L˚PU¶ S”SÙ S”eLBÆu L˚PU¶ Eœøo ˘Sg— —PjRÙu

RuA⁄m˘T\t ◊RpY˚] BØ´u U•j˙RÙu˘T⁄m˘TVol ◊LÙ˘WuTß˙V AqÓoHNÙf £\l©u C˚N Æ[eœ ˘T⁄eœ•UÙNÙj’ YÙ¶Lu UL˚]VÙ°YÙrRp ˙Yi• FrÆ˚] ’WlTf„rLZp Uu]Ù ®u]Lol ◊œkæeœGuLÙt £Xm◊ TLoRp ˙Yi• ®uTÙt

˘LÙ˚XdL[lThP ˙LÙYXu U˚]ÆLiQ° ˘VuT˘Ru ˘TV˙W˘V]l

˘TiQQe˙LLsY˚]d ˙LÙ\p L”e˙LÙXufl˘Ys˙Yt ˘LÙt\e LÙi G] Js∞˚ZSt±\m TPWÙd ˘LÙt˚L ˙Yk˙RGuLÙt ˘TÙt£Xm◊ U¶Ÿ˚P A¨˙V G]j˙R˘UÙØ Ÿ˚WjR’ ˘Nq˚Y Su˘UÙØVÙÿ˚Pf £Xm◊ ÿj’˚P A¨˙VR⁄˘L]j Rk’ RÙuÿu ˚YlTdLiQ° A¶U¶d LÙt£Xm◊˚PlTUu]Yu YÙnÿRp ˘R±jR’ U¶˙V,

U¶Li”RÙrkR œ˚PVu R[okR ˘Ne˙LÙXu˘TÙu ˘Nn ˘LÙpXu Ru ˘NÙp ˙LhPVÙ˙]Ù AWNu VÙ˙] LsYuUuT˚R LÙdœk ˘Ru◊Xe LÙYpGuÿRt ©˚ZjR’ ˘L”L˘Yu BŸ˘[]Uu]Yu UVe° ≈rkR]˙] ˘Ru]Yu˙LÙl˘T⁄k˙RÆ œ˚XkR]s S”e°dLQY˚] CZk˙RÙodœd LÙh”Yßp˘XuflC˚QV• ˘RÙ›’ ≈rkR]˙[ UP˘UÙØ!

TÙPp ˛ 2

67

G›f£Ÿt\ ˘TiLs

˙Ut±˚N´p YÙ]jßp ˘TÙu‡⁄dœ

˘Ys[jßp ˘NmT¨ß ™Rdœm˙SWm!

˙YtLi¶ VÙ˘[Ù⁄jß ˙NÙ˚XRu≤p

Æ˚[VÙP ®u±⁄kRÙs U´˚Xl˙TÙ˙X!

LÙt\•jR ˙NÙ˚X´˙X ˙SWm TÙoj’d

L≤V •j’d ˘LÙi” ˘N¤m ˘NpYl©s˚[

Btfl˘Ys[m ˙TÙXÙ˚N ˘Ys[m ÁiP

AY∞Pj˙R £X ˘NÙu]Ùu ©u‡g ˘NÙpYÙu.

ƨkRJ⁄ YÙ]jßu J¸ı˘Ys[j˚R

Æ˚Wk’Yk’ L⁄˙ULm Æ›eLd·”m!

C⁄kR˘Y´p C⁄[Ùœm J⁄LQjßp!

C’A’YÙn UٱƔm Ufl LQjßp

˘R¨kR’RÙu; B]Ù¤m Ju˙\˘VÙufl!

˘R∞jRKo Es[jßp G›kRLÙRp

T⁄k’Yk’ ˘LÙj’˘Uuflm R¶Yßp˚X;

T˚P ßWi” YkRÙ¤m N≠lTßp˚X!

Lu]jßp J⁄ ÿjRm ˚YlTÙn ˘Ti˙Q

L⁄’Yßt TV≤p˚X R≤VÙn ®ufl

™u≤ÆhPÙn GuU]ßp! ˘TÙu]Ùnl ÈYÙn

Æ˚[j’ÆhPÙn Li˘Qߨp! Gufl ˘NÙu]Ùu

Lu≤˘VÙ⁄ YÙoj˚R˘Vu\Ùs Gu]˘Yu\Ùu

LpÆVt\ U≤R˚]SÙu Uß˙Vu Gu\Ùs

TuÚt Ti•R˘]ufl Ru˚]f ˘NÙu]Ùu

TZf—˚[´u YÙnß\k’ £¨j’f ˘NÙpYÙs;

˘T⁄eLpÆl Ti•R˙]! E]d˙LÙo˙LsÆ;

˘TiLfidœf —RkRWkRÙu Ei˙PÙ? Gu\Ùs

R⁄m˙TÙ’ ˘LÙsY’RÙu R⁄Um Gu\Ùu

RWÙÆ•pRÙu ˙Ut˘LÙiPÙp Gu]˘Yu\Ùs

ß⁄UQUÙ LÙRYsRu ˘Tt˙\Ù¨u±f

˘NVpJufl RÙu˘NnRp ARoUm Gu\Ùu

U⁄Y A˚Zd °u\Ù˙V SÙ‡m Gu\u

UÙRÙ ©RÙÆu± Æ˚P ˘NÙp˙Y˙]Ù?

TÙPp ˛ 2

68

Gufl˚WjRÙs. C’˙Lh”f ˘NpYl©s˚[

Gu˙]•, C’ E]dœj ˘R¨VÆp˚X

Uu\p˘NŸm Æ`Vjßp Ju±pUh”m

U]m˙TÙX SPdLXÙm ˘TiLs Gu\Ùu

GuU]’ ˙Y˘\Ù⁄Yu CPjߢXu˙\

CY≤hP ¿•˚L˚Vl T\dL ˘NnRÙs

EuRXj˚R CZd°u\Ùn Y≠VRÙ˙]

E]dL∞l˙Tu CuT˘U] ˘S⁄eLXÙ]Ùu!

A⁄LYfim ˘S⁄e° YkRÙs Ru˙Up˚YjR

BoYkRÙu G]®˚]jRÙu! C˚Udœÿu˙]

J⁄˚L´p E˚PYÙfim CP’˚L´p

K•l˙TÙ! Gu‡˘UÙ⁄ œ±l◊UÙLl

◊⁄Yj˚R ˙U˙Xt± ÆØj’f ˘NÙpYÙs

◊≤RjRÙp GuLÙRp ©\u˙U˙X Gufl

T¨k’˚Wj˙Ru! ˙Ut˘Nu\Ùn! ˘R∞jRLÙRp

T˚PßWi” YkRÙ¤m N≠VÙ˘Ru\Ùs.

K•]Ùu K•]Ùu ˘NpYl©s˚[

K•Yk’ Íf—ÆhPÙu Gu≤Pjßp

·•C⁄ Ëfl◊≠ GßojR’i˙PÙ?

˘LÙ˚XV≤ P™⁄k’ ¡iP’i˙PÙ?

K•YkR LÙWQj˚Rd ˙Lh˙Pu Au˙]Ùu

E˚Wj’ÆhPÙu! RÙ]Yt˚\d ˙Lh”Æh˙Pu

˙LÙ• Es[m ˙Yi”™kR U°rf£RÙeLd

œ¤eLS˚Lj ˙RŸ˚Wj˙Ru AY≤Pjßp

˘NpYl©s[Ùn! Cufl◊Æ´u ˘TiLs

£fl®˚X´p C⁄dLÆp˚X ÆØj’d ˘LÙiPÙo!

˘LÙpXYkR YÙ˚[ø œ˚\˘NÙpXÙ˙R!

˘LÙ”YÙs ˙TÙp Ut˘\Ù⁄YÙs EuU˚]Æ

˘Up≠˚P´p øLÙQÙd LÙWQjRÙp

Æ˚[VÙP ®˚]j’ÆhPÙn Fol ˘TiLs˙Up!

˘TÙpXÙR UÙ≤P˙] U]fNÙufldœs

◊œk’˘LÙsYÙn! ®tLÙ˙R! Gu˙\u; ˘Nu\Ùu.˛ TÙWßRÙNu

69

ß⁄dœt\ÙXd œ\Yg£

£eL‡m £e°Ÿm Gßoj’˚WVÙPp

CjR˚] SÙ[ÙL Gu‡Pu ˘NÙpXÙUpGe˙L SPkRÙnø £e°! (Ge˙L SPkRÙn ø)

˘LÙjRÙo œZXÙodœ ÆjRÙWUÙLdœ±˘NÙpXl ˙TÙ]]PÙ £eLÙ! (œ± ˘NÙpX)

TÙod°p AßNVk ˙RÙ‘’ ˘NÙpXlTVUÙn C⁄dœR• £e° (TVUÙ)

Bodœm TV™p˚Xj ˙RÙ¶] LÙ¨VmAgNÙUt ˘NÙpXPÙ £eLÙ! (AgNÙ)

LÙ¤dœ ˙U˙X ˘T¨V ƨVuL•j’d °PlTÙ˙]u £e° (L•j’)

˙NXj’ SÙh•t œ±˘NÙp≠l ˘Tt\£Xm◊ °PdœRPÙ £eLÙ (£Xm◊)

˙NXjRÙo ChP £Xm◊dL ˙U˙Xß⁄œ ÿfld˘Lu]• £e°! (ß⁄œ)

˙LÙXj’ SÙhPÙo ÿfld°hP Ri˚P˘LÙ”jR Y¨˚NVPÙ £eLÙ! (˘LÙ”jR)

øi” œfl°Ÿm SÙe·›l ˙TÙX˘R∞kR ˘R∞˘Yu]• £e°! (˘R∞kR)

TÙi•V ]ÙoULs ˙Yi”m œ±dLÙLlTÙPL ™hPRPÙ £eLÙ! (TÙPL)

UÙiP RY˚[Eu LÙ≠˙X Lh•V

UÙodLU ˙R’ ˘Ti˙Q £e°! (UÙod)BiPYo œt\ÙXo Nk®ßl˘TiLsA¶U¶d ˘LfNUPÙ £eLÙ! (A¶U¶)

—i” ÆW≠˙X œiPXlÈf£—⁄i” °PlTÙ˙]u £e°! (—⁄i”)

Li•V ˙RNjßt Ti”SÙu ˘Tt\LÙXÙØ ¿≠ APÙ £eLÙ! (LÙXÙØ)

˘Up≠V Èk˘RÙ˚P YÙ˚Zd œ⁄j˚Rƨj’ U•jRRÙo £e°! (ƨj’)

˘Sp˙Y≠ VÙoRkR NpXÙf ˙N˚X˘S±©•j ’”jß˙]u £eLÙ! (˘S±©•)

F⁄dœ ˙Ud˙L EVokR AW£˙XNÙ˚Wl TÙm˙T’ ˘Ti˙Q £e°! (NÙ˚W)

∫o˘Tt\ ˙NÙZu œUÙWjß VÙoRkR˘Nm˘TÙu A˚WOÙQPÙ £eLÙ! (˘Nm˘TÙu)

UÙo©tœ ˙U˙X ◊˚PjR £Xkß´p˘LÙl◊[m ˘LÙsYÙ˘]u £e°! (˘LÙl◊)

TÙ⁄dœs Ht\UÙm LÙVXÙo RkRTÙWÿj RÙWUPÙ £eLÙ! (TÙW)

Gh”l T\˚Y œÿflm Lÿ°˙XTj˘Rh”l TÙm˙TR• £e°! (Tj˘R)

œhPj’ SÙhPÙ⁄m LÙVe œ[jRÙ⁄mChP NY•VPÙ £eLÙ! (ChP)

TÙPp ˛ 4

70

◊Wh£dLÆ ˛ TÙWßRÙNu

øXYÙu B˚Pdœs EPp U˚\j’

®XÙ˘Yufl LÙh”°u\Ùn J∞ÿLj˚R!

˙LÙXÿ›’m LÙh•ÆhPÙp LÙRt

˘LÙs˚[´˙X Cq‹XLm NÙ˙UÙ? YÙ]f

˙NÙ˚X´˙X ÈjRR≤lÈ˙YÙ? øRÙu!

˘NÙdL ˘Ys∞l TÙtœP˙UÙ AÿR Ft˙\Ù!

LÙ˚X YkR ˘NmT¨ß LP≠p Ír°d

L]p UÙ¨d œ∞W˚PkR J∞l©Zm˙TÙ!

Akß´⁄[Ùp L⁄œm EXœ Li˙Pu

AqYÙ˙\ YÙu Li˙Pu ß˚NLs Li˙Pu

©kßVkRd LÙ¨⁄s RÙu £¨jR ’i˙PÙ?

˘T⁄g£¨l©u J∞ÿj˙RÙ ®X˙YÙ øRÙu?

£kRÙUp £R\ÙUp AZ˚L˘VpXÙm

˙NL¨j’d œ∞˙Wt± J∞Ÿm Fh•

CkRÙ˘Yu˙\ CVt˚L Au˚] YÙ≤p

GØp YÙr˚Yf £jR¨jR YiQkRÙ˙]Ù!

E˚]dLÙ‘m ˙TÙß≤˙X Gu‡[jßp

F±Y⁄m EQof£´˚] G›’YRtœ

®˚]jRÙ¤m YÙoj˚R °˚Pjß”Yßp˚X

®jßV R¨jßWWÙn E˚Zj’˚Zj’j

ß˚]j’˚]Ÿm TV≤u± T£jR UdLs

£±’ ·r ˙R”eLÙp, TÙ˚] BWd

Lujß⁄kR ˘Yi˙NÙfl LÙ‘m CuTm

LÆu ®X˙Y E˚]d LÙ‘m CuTmRÙ˙]Ù!

Eu˚] Eu ß⁄ÆØVÙt LÙ‘°u˙\u

J∞˘Tfl°u˙\u C⁄˚[ J’dœ°˙\u

Cu]˘XpXÙm RÆod°u˙\u

L∞˘LÙs°u˙\u

G¨Æp˚X œ∞o°u˙\u ◊\ÿm Esfim

Au◊s[m È‘°u˙\u A’‹ ÿt±

BLÙVm A[Ù‹˘UÙ⁄ LÙRp ˘LÙi˙Pu!

CuT˘U‡m TÙp ÷˚W˙V œ∞oÆ[d˙L!

G˚] CZk˙Ru Eu˘]Ø≠p LXkRRÙ˙X

¡u ˘LÙjß

YÙ]Æp≠u Y´t±p ©\kR˚];

YiQYp≠ AYsRu GØpGXÙm

Du\˙TÙ’ E]dL∞jR]s; AY˚[ÿu

Du\Ys YÙu U˚ZdLi◊]p BR≠u

Bu\ R≤˚U´p Brkß”m ˘TÙn˚LŸm

A⁄°p ®ufl A›’ AWtflm UWeLfim

Fu± A˚YR˙UÙ” E\‹ ˘LÙsY’ Eu

EßWkRu‡Pu EßjR TiTÙ°”m.

Gu≤‡m —Po YiQm T˚PjRø

GRt˙LÙ R≤dLÙh•p J∞lT’?

™u‡°u\ ˙RÙ˚L U´¤Pu

˙UÆ AWiU˚]d LÙÆp EXÙYXÙm

SkRY]d LiQÙ•VÙn øiP◊p

S∞]UÙo©p EuøXm TßdLXÙm;

©u‡e °˚[´≤p H±˙V Eu£˚\l

˙Tt˚\ AWN⁄m ˙TÙt\ ƨdLXÙm.

EuRu ˘T⁄˚U TÙWÙhP UfljR˚];

Keœ ˙TWÙ˚N A˚]j’m J’d°˚];

EuR˚]l ˙TÙ≠q ˙Y˚ZŸm A˚Uß„Z

K¨Pm ˙Yi”Yu, T\˚Y˙V VÙ⁄˙U

YkßPÙR Tf˚Nl T—m ˘TÙØp;

Y[⁄kR≤˚U´p B›m £fl—˚];

GkR ˙SWÿm Gu˚]j Ru UÙo©≤p

G”jR˚Qj˙R ˘S”Íf˘N± KoUWm.

˛ Æp≠Vm ˘au¨ ˙PÆv

˛ R™Øp A. ∫®YÙNWÙLYu

TÙPp ˛ 5 TÙPp ˛ 6

71

£\kR LÆOuRu Es[jßp EQokR˚R,

Ru LÆ˚R´u YØVÙLT•lTY¨u Es[jßtœ

CPUÙt\m ˘Nn°u\Ùu. £±R[‹·P A’ £kßÆPÙUp £R±ÆPÙUp˘Nufl ˙NW ˙Yi”˙U Gufl LY]m

G”j’d ˘LÙs°\Ùu. ARtLÙLl˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] ˘NÙp˚Xj

˙Rok˘R”d°\Ùu. EY˚U E⁄YLm˙TÙu\ L˚Xj ß\u EjßL˚[d

˚LVÙfi°\Ùu.Al’p WœUÙu ˚LVÙfimR≤jRu˚ULs ˘LÙiP

L˚Xjß\uLs

˘NÙpXÙh£

˘NÙtL∞p ·o˚U, ˘R∞‹, AZœ, EQo‹B°V] ˘TÙ⁄kRj ˙Rok˘R”j’l TVuT”j’°\Ùo. C’ CYW’ R≤jRu˚U £XCPeL∞p ◊ßV ˘NÙtL˚[˙V E⁄YÙdœ°\Ùo.

LÆ˚RLfidœj R˚Xl◊ C”Yß˙X˙V˘NÙpXÙh£jß\u LÙQlT”°\’. TÙp≈ß GuT’ TX B´Wm ShNjßWeL[ÙpB] AiP˘Y∞ ≈ß. C’ J⁄˘Y∞fNl TÙ˚R˚Vl˙TÙX Æ[eœ°\’.CR]Ùp YÙ]Ëp Yp¤So CRtœCl˘TVo ChP]o. Cl˘TV˚W˙V LÆ˚Rj˘RÙœßdœ Ch•⁄d°\Ùo.

T•Um, œ±¬”, ˘RÙuUm

˘NÙtL[Ùp ˘SgNjß˚W´p Y˚WŸm KÆVmRÙu T•Um GuT’. ˘Yflm Y⁄Q˚]·Pl T•UmRÙu. B]Ù¤m EY˚U, E⁄YLm, ˘RÙuUm APe°V ˘NÙtL[ÙpE⁄YÙdLlT”m ˘NÙp KÆVm £\kR T•UUÙœm. EQo˚Y ™œßVÙLj Ái”m,TX˘TÙ⁄s R⁄m —˚Y Ft\Ùœm. CVdLm Es[ KÆVUÙL E´⁄Pu Æ[eœm.Al’p WœUÙ≤u LÆ˚RL∞p CjR˚LV T•UeL˚[˙V ™œßVÙLd LÙi°˙\Ùm.TÙp ≈ß Ë≠p Es[ NÙÆ C⁄dœm Y˚W Gu\ LÆ˚R,

OÙTL ÿhLsLÙVeL˚[f —h•YhP™”mGu HLÙkRjßuCRVj ’•lTÙLl©¨k’ ˘Nu\ EuLÙX• K˚N

CdLÆ˚R ©¨k’ ˘Nu\LÙR≠´u LÙX• K˚N˚VlTt±V’. ©¨k’ ˘Nu\ ©u ®˚]˘YpXÙm AkRd LÙX• K˚NRÙu R≤˚U´u CRVj’•lTÙ°\’. U]˙U J⁄ L•LÙWUÙ° Æ”°\’. œjß, Efljß, ’˚[j’d ˘LÙi˙PC⁄dœm OÙTLeLs (’VW ®˚]‹Ls) ARu ÿhLs, ˘Sg£u ◊iLs RÙm. ˙SWmLÙh”m GiLs ®˚]‹ ÿhLs LÙVeL∞u ˙Up YhP™h” Y≠˚V ˙U¤m™œßlT”j’°u\]. CkR Y≠ ’uTm G’ Y˚W? L•LÙWm K”m Y˚W! L•LÙWm G’Y˚WK”m?NÙÆ C⁄dœm Y˚W!

©¨Æu Y≠˚U˚V Y˚Wk’ LÙh”m T•Um C’. (Ju˚\d ·± A’ EQoj’m˘TÙ⁄˚[d ˙Lhœm TXu LtT˚]d˙L Æh”Æ”Y’ T•Um)T•Um, œ±¬” B°VYt˚\l Tt±V Bn˚Y˙V Rm ÿ˚]Yo ThP Bn˙YPÙLA∞j’l ThPm ˘Tt\Yo LÆd˙LÙ Al’p WœUÙu. LÙh˚Pl Tt±l ˙T—mAY⁄˚PV J⁄ Y¨RÙu,

"ÿ•˘Yh•d ˘LÙs[ÙR ÈeLÙ"

˘RÙuUm

◊WÙQm, TZeL˚RLs CYt±p Y⁄m TÙjßWeL˙[Ù,®Lr‹L˙[Ù LÆ˚R´p K¨⁄ YÙoj˚RL∞p —h•dLÙhPlT”m. CqYÙfl —h•]Ùp TdLm TdLUÙL ÆY¨dL˙Yi•V R˚Y˙V CpXÙUp, NÙpX YkR L⁄j˚R A’EQo˙YÙ” Æ[d°Æ”m. CR]Ùp EX˘Leœm £\kRLÆOoLs CkRd L˚Xjß\˚] Æ⁄m©d ˚LVÙfi°u\]o. C’ ˘RÙuUm G]lT”°\’.

72

T•Um

J⁄ ƨkR LÙh£˚Vf —⁄dLUÙ] ˘NÙtLfidœs ˘LÙi” Y⁄m ÿVt£˙V T•Um Bœm.T•Ujßp LtT˚]´u ƨ‹m ˘NÙt˘Nh”mCu±V˚UVÙR˚Y. T•Um Ejß GuT’EQo‹m A±‹m C˚Qk’ E⁄YÙdœmU]dLÙh£VÙœm. E⁄YLm ApX’ œ±¬h•u’˚Q˘LÙi” Sm LtT˚]j ß\]Ùp ƨŸ˘UÙ⁄ U]dLÙh£ C’.◊\Ù, A˚Uß˚Vd œ±dL Y⁄m˙TÙ’ œ±¬PÙ°\’. ULÙjUÙ, Tp˙Yfl EVoTi◊L˚[l TXT•®˚XL∞p ˘LÙiP J⁄ ST˚Wd œ±dL Y⁄m˙TÙ’ T•UUÙ°\’. CRtœAl’pWœUÙ≤u ÆVhSÙm Gu\ LÆ˚R £\kR˙RÙo G”j’dLÙhPÙœm.

"AdLm TdLmYNkR™p˚X˙NÙLj˙RÙ”AUokß⁄d°\’NYjßu ¡’YiQj’lÈf£"

˛ YÙ]mTÙ•. 9

TÙWß TVuT”j’m Ad°≤dœg— Gu\ ˘NÙt˘\ÙP˙W J⁄ T•Um RÙu.

œ±¬”

ß⁄UQj’dœ ÿVt£ ˘NnVÙ’ CW‹d œ±´p Yk’ ˙TÙœm R˚XY≤Pm ˙RÙØCY˚[ ø Æ˚WÆp UQm ◊¨k’ ˘LÙs[ÙÆ•p CYs C\k’ ˙TÙnÆ”YÙs. L[Æ˙XCVpTÙL Es[ ©¨˚Y CY[Ùp RÙeL ÿ•VÙ’. CY[’ E´ojß\u ˘Uu˚UVÙ]’.CY[’ LÙRp ß\˙UÙ ™dL Y≠‹˚PV’ Gufl GfN¨d°\Ùs. R˚XÆ´u ®˚XdœAZ°V˘RÙ⁄ ERÙWQÿm R⁄YÙs. U˚X´p T›dœm TXÙlTZm L]m ™œk’ ˙TÙœmLÙ˚X ARu ˘Uu˚UVÙ] LÙm©p ReLÙ’ ÿ±j’d ˘LÙi” ∏˙Z Æ›m. VÙ⁄dœmTVuTPÙ’ ≈QÙ°l ˙TÙœm. R˚XÆ´u E´ojß\u TXÙlTZjßu LÙm◊ Gu\ÙpAY[’ LÙR˙X AdL≤. CjR˚LV AZ°V ˘TÙ⁄jRm ™dL EY˚U˚Vd ·±j ˙RÙØR˚XY˚]j Ái”m TÙPp. CR˚]d œ±¬PÙLd ˘LÙs[XÙm.

◊\jß˚Qf —VmTW UiPTjßp˙TÙ≠ SXuL∞u ·hPm˚L´p UÙ˚XŸPuœ⁄h”j RUVk߲ Al’p WœUÙu ˛ TÙp≈ß—VmTW UiPTm ˛ ˙RoRp L[m˙TÙ≠ SXuLs ˛ AW£Vp R˚XYoLsœ⁄h”j RUVkß ˛ YÙdLÙ[o

˘NÙtL[Ùp ˘SgNjßp Y˚WŸmKÆVkRÙu T•Um GuTRtœ©uY⁄m T•Ud LÆ˚RLs R™Øpßjßl˚T ˙UmT”j’°u\].

"ÿ’˚U®™`d L˚\VÙpA¨jR H”C\kR LÙXj˚R˙V TÙ”m∏\p Æ›kR C˚NjRh”OÙTLeL∞u œl˚Td·˚PÆVÙßL∞u˙UnfNp ®Xm"

˛ Al’p WœUÙu"ShNjßWeLsCW‹m TL¤mGßoGßo ˙UÙßPE˚PkR TL≠u’i”Ls"

˛ R™ZuTu

Ad°≤dœg—Ad°≤dœg˘NÙufl Li˙Pu ˛ A˚RAe˘LÙ⁄ LÙh•˙XÙo ˘TÙkß˚P ˚Yj˙Ru;˘Yk’ R¶kR’ LÙ”; ˛ RZp≈Wjßt œg˘Nufl Íl˘Tufl ÿi˙PÙ?RjR¨°P RjR¨°P ßj˙RÙm

73

Es-fi˚\

C˚Q-©-¨VÙ CVp-◊-˚P-V’ YeLÙ G‡mT\˚Y. B‘m ˘Ti-‘m C˚Q©¨-VÙ-Up C˚Qk-’-YÙ-›m. AR-˚]j R˚X-Yu˛ R˚XÆ Au-©tœ C˚Q-VÙ-Ld ·fl-Yo.

H˙RÙ LÙW-Qj-ßp Ko Bi Ye-LÙl T\˚YRu ’˚Q-˚Vl ©¨V ˙So-°-\-’. AR-]ÙpR≤-˚UlTh-”l-˙TÙ] ˘Ti T\˚Y´˚]C˚\-VÙ-Ld-˘LÙs[ Yp-Ìfl Jufl ˘S⁄g-°-Y-k’ Y⁄j-’-°-\-’. CR-]Ùp Ag£ J”e-°V ˘Ti T\˚Y Ru C˚Q˚V ®˚]j’,◊p-XÙe-œ-Zp ˙TÙu\ Ru C≤V œW-XÙpJ≠ G›-l◊-°-\-’.

U˚X-L˚[ E˚PV A¨-V-Y-Ø-˚Vd LPk’˘Np-Y’ L•-]m Gufl L⁄-RÙ-Up, R˚XÆRu ≈h-•-≠-⁄dLl ˘TÙ⁄s ˙R• Y⁄-˙YuGufl ’¶-Y’ C-≤˚Udœ Cfl-ß-VÙ-œm.

Cl-TÙ-P-≠p A˚Uk-ß-⁄d-œm Es-fi˚\Tt± —⁄d-L-UÙLf ˘NÙp-˙YÙm.

L⁄l-˘TÙ-⁄s ˛ Es-fi˚\

1. Ye-LÙf-˙N-Yp ˛ R˚XYu2. Ye-LÙl-˙T˚P ˛ R˚XÆ3. Yp-Ìfl ˛ L]-Æ-]Ùp Æ˚[Ÿm

CPe-Ls4. LQ-Yo-LÙ-]m ˛ R˚X-Y˚] Æ˚Wk’

GnRÙ˚U5. Ye-LÙl˙T˚P -œ-Z≠˚N ˛ R˚XÆ ©¨Æ˚] ˙TÙp Bœ-Rp Bt-\Ù-Up ◊X-m◊-Rp

Lfll◊ YÙ]Æp

T˚ZV È™˚Vd LÙQÆp˚X AkRlT—˚U˚V VÙ⁄m ˙TQÆp˚X˘N•˘LÙ• UWj˚R E˚Pj’ E˚Pj’dLfllTÙn Bd°˙]ÙmYÙ]Æp˚XÈ™f „h˚P AßL¨j˙RÙm AkRK˙^Ùu ß˚W˚V ATL¨j˙RÙmLÙt±u L⁄˚Yf £˚Rj’f £˚Rj’Bd≥_u ÿLj˚Rd L⁄L ˚Yj˙RÙmYVp ˘Y∞ ˙NÙ˚X UØd°u˙\Ùm AeœLÙud√h LÙ”Ls Y[od°u˙\ÙmAflY˚Pl ˘TÙ›ßp T£j’l T£j’˘Yfl˚Ud œß¨p ©˚Zd°u˙\Ùm.A⁄ÆŸm Bflm Áoj’ Æh˙PÙm Sm˙Yo˚Y˚Vd œ•dLf ˙Noj’Æh˙PÙm®XjR• ø˚W E±g£ E±g£U˚Zdœm RÙLm YÙoj’ Æh˙PÙm◊›YÙn UdLs D‘°˙\Ùm SÙm˘TÙ\Ù˚U˚V Uh”m ˙T‘°˙\Ùm˙NÙtfll T⁄d˚L˚Vl T’d°l T’d°SWLX SÙVÙn SÙ‘°˙\ÙmNkRß Ui˚Q Hnj’Æh˙PÙm —”LÙ˘P] È™˚Vj ænj’Æh˙PÙmURj˚R Uh”m Y[oj’ Y[oj’U≤Rj’Yj˚Rf NÙnj’ Æh˙PÙmC≤Ÿm ClT• C⁄kßPYÙ? ’∞DWm CpXÙUp C\kßPYÙ?È™´u ˘TÙd°`m EQok’ Qok’AWdLj R]j˚Rj ’\kßPYÙ.

˛ BiPÙs ©¨V Roµ≤

Tp˙Yfl —˚YL∞p A˚UkR LÆ˚RLsG”m G”m G”mG] G”j˙RÙoCLpJ≠ LPpJ≠ CLdL˙YƔƔƔ T¨L¨dœZÙmÆ”mÆ”m G‡m J≠ ™˚LdL˙Y

˛ L≠eLj’lTW¶

Dh” ◊Lr SkßTÙQ! ø Ge˚LVoRm≈h•⁄k’ TÙPÆ•Y[‹m ˛ LÙh•X›m˙T˘Vu\Ùs Au˚]; ©\o S¨˘Vu\Ùo; ˙RÙØSÙ˘Vu\Ùs ø˘Vu˙\u SÙu.

˛ SkßdLXmTLm

ø ÿRp ÿ˚\ Gu˚]j R˚XNÙnj’dL˚PdLiQÙp TÙojR˙TÙ’Gu Es[jßp ÿs TÙnkR’A˚R Cu‡m G”dLÆp˚XGe˙L Cu˘]Ù⁄ ÿ˚\ TÙoÿs˚[ ÿs[Ùp RÙ˙]G”dL˙Yi”m.

˛ ÿ. ˙UjRÙ

74

2 ÆWp ÷≤´p EXLmÆWp ÷≤´p EXLmÆWp ÷≤´p EXLmÆWp ÷≤´p EXLmÆWp ÷≤´p EXLm

LÙX A[‹ : 35 U¶˙SWmLÙX A[‹ : 35 U¶˙SWmLÙX A[‹ : 35 U¶˙SWmLÙX A[‹ : 35 U¶˙SWmLÙX A[‹ : 35 U¶˙SWm

AXœAXœAXœAXœAXœ

AXœ A±ÿLm

˚Ldœs APe°V EXLm ÆWp ÷≤d˙LYk’ÆhP’. C˚QVjßu Y[of£ Li”C˚UdL U\k’ ®t°\’ EXLm. LiÍ•jß\lTRtœs Liÿu Yk’ ®t°\’ EXLm.ÿu˙]Ùo LiP L]˘YpXÙm Smÿu˙]Yk’ ˚LLh• ®t°\’. TZeLÙX UkßWRkßWUÙVÙ _ÙXd L˚RLs GpXÙm AlT•˙VApX’ A˚RÆP J⁄T•˙UXÙL˙Y Li”L∞dL CdLÙX A±ÆVp YØV˚Uj’jRk’s[’. RLYp ˘RÙØp÷hT FPLj’˚\L∞p EXLm ˘Tt±⁄dœm Y[of£VÙpÆ˚[kß”m Su˚ULs TXYÙœm.

C˚QVR[ÿm Y˚XlÈdLfim £\lTÙL™u≤Vp FPLeLfim CXd°V Y[of£dœm YÙ£l◊dœm ˘T¨’m ER‹°u\].ÿLËp YÙ´XÙL AYWYo ß\˚UL˚[˘Y∞lT”j’Y’Pu A¨V RLYpLfimA±kßP ÿ•°\’. ”Æt\o ÍXm ˘NnßLsœflg˘NnßL[ÙL ™u]p ˙YLjßpTW‹°u\]. Y⁄eLÙXjßp ◊jRLeL∞uCPm ˙LsÆdœ±VÙ°Æ”m. GpXÙmGpXÙÿUÙL C˚QV EXLm A˚]Y⁄dœmERYl ˙TÙY’ Eflß.

C˚QVjRÙ¤m A’ ˘RÙPoTÙ] AjR˚]L⁄ÆL[Ù¤m B´WUÙ´Wm Su˚ULsÆ˚[kR˙TÙ’m æ˚ULfim Æ˚[°u\].LP‹fim NÙjRÙ‡m LÙX˘UXÙm C⁄lT’˙TÙX Su˚UŸm æ˚UŸm LÙX˘UXÙmC⁄dLjRÙu ˙Yi”UÙ? ÆWp÷≤´pEXLm YkR ©u◊m æ˚ULs Æ˚[VXÙUÙ?L¶≤ UVUÙ] CdLÙXjßp L¶≤Vdœt\eLfim (Cyber Crimes) Yk’ÆhP]˙Y!ÆUXÙßjR UÙUpXu G›ßV C˚QVÿmCXd°Vÿm Gu\ Lh”˚WŸm AlTÙPlTœß´p Y⁄m ˘Th•f ˘NnßLfim ¡i”m¡i”m YÙ£j’l ◊¨k’˘LÙsfim ÿ˚\´pG›RlTh”s-[].

CWiPÙm AX°p Y⁄m CWiPÙY’TÙPlTœß "Tf˚NYVp' ß˚WlTPUÙLG”lTRtœ Ht\YÙfl G›RlThP ß˚WdL˚R YN]j’Pu A˚UkR Ë≠≠⁄k’G”dLlThP £flTœß.

ß˚WdL˚R GqYÙfl A˚UdLlTP ˙Yi”m,YN]m GqYÙfl G›RlTP ˙Yi”mGuT˚Rl ◊¨k’˘LÙs[ ClTœß ™L‹mER‹m. SÙPLdL˚R YN] A˚Ul◊dœmß˚WlTPdL˚R YN] A˚Ul◊dœm C˚P˙VEs[ ˙YflTÙ”L˚[ EQW‹m C’ ER‹m

TX SÙYpL˚[l T˚Pj’s[ G›jRÙ[oUL¨µ´u ◊Y]Ù J⁄ ˙LsÆdœ±,YhPj’s N’Wm ˙TÙu\˚Y ß˚WlTPeL[ÙL‹m Y∞Yk’s[]. NXj˚Rf NokRCY⁄˚PV CVt˘TVo TÙX—l©WU¶Vu.

TÙo˚YVÙ[oL∞u ˘Sg£p AßoY˚XL˚[ HtT”jßV ß˚WlTPm ReL¡uLs.Æ⁄’˘Tt\ ß˚WlTPm. A˚RlTt±V J⁄ÆUoN]m "T¨—jR Au©p øk’m ¡uLs'G‡m A⁄˚UVÙ] Lh”˚W. ß⁄. Gu.˘NpXlTÙÆu CdLh”˚W ß˚WlTP◊¨R¤dœm WN˚]dœÿ¨V TÙPUÙLA˚Uk’s[’.

ß˚WŸX˚Lj R™rjß˚WlTPjßu TdLmß⁄mTl TÙodL ˚YjRYo CVdœSo,J∞lTßYÙ[o, L˚RYN]LojRÙ, S•Lo G]lTuÿLj ß\uL˚[d ˘LÙiP ß˚WlTPdL˚XOo TÙ¤U˙LkßWÙ. CXe˚L UhPL[l◊A⁄˙L ©\kRYo. J∞lTß‹ L˚XOWÙ°ÿRuÿR≠p U˚XVÙ[j ß˚WlTPUÙ]©WTX CVdœSo WÙÿLÙ¨VÙh•u "˘Sp¤TPjßp T¶VÙt±, ÿRp TPjß˙X˙V £\kRJ∞lTßYÙ[⁄dLÙ] UÙ®X Æ⁄’ ˘Tt\Yo.Íu\Ùm ©˚\, Í”T≤, ≈”, AØVÙR˙LÙXeLs, NjßVÙ°WLm, øeLs ˙LhP˚YG]l Tp˙Yfl TPeL∞p T¶◊¨k’ UÙ®X,˙R£V Æ⁄’L˚[ ˘Yu\YoAYW’ThP˚\´p E⁄YÙ° ˘Y∞YkR L˚P£lTPUÙ] R˚Xÿ˚\´p AYo C\k’ TÙYÙo.TPjßp Uh”UpX Ei˚U VÙL˙Y TPm˘Y∞YkR £X UÙReL∞˙X˙V (2013˛Cp)U˚\k’˙TÙ]Ùo. R™r, U˚XV[m, Lu]Pm,˘R¤eœ EhThP Ru≤kßVj ß˚WŸXL˙ULiΩo Y•jR’. AY⁄˚PV ˙SoLÙQp SmALÆØ˚Vj ß\k’ ß˚WlTP A±‹dœYØYœd°\’

75

Lt\p A˚P‹Ls

1 SÙPLm, ß˚WlTPm B°VYtfldœ ÆUoN]d œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

1 œflmTPm RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

1 ™u FP-Le-L∞u TVuTÙ” œ±j’d Lh”˚W RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

1 ™u FPLeLs ˘RÙPoTÙ] Lh”˚WLs, RLYpL˚[ ˘UÙØUÙt\m˘Nn°\ÙoLs.

Ußl◊Lfim U]lTÙe-œ-L-fim

Æ ß˚WlTPeL˚[ W£lTRtLÙ] U]®˚X.

Æ NÍLj æ˚ULfidœ GßWÙLl ˙TÙWÙ”m ß\u.

Æ œ”mT E\‹L∞u ÿd°Vj’Ym.

Æ C˚QVm, C˚QVm NÙokR FPLeL˚[l ˘T⁄jRUÙ] „Z≠pTVuT”j’m ß\u.

Æ UÙtfljß\]Ù∞ UÙQYoL˚[ Ae∏L¨dL‹m Htfld˘LÙsYRtœUÙ]U]®˚X.

Lt\p LڮLs

³ TÙPËp

³ ß˚WlTPeLs

³ C˚QVm

³ ß˚WlTPl TÙPpLs

³ ß˚WdL˚R YN]eLs

³ ß˚WdL˚R ÆUoN]eLs

³ œflkRL”

76 AXœfNhPLm

L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

LXk’˚WVÙPp (÷˚Z‹f˘NVpTÙ”)B£¨V⁄m UÙQYoLfim ˘TÙ’dLXk’˚WVÙPpSPj’°\ÙoLs. ∏rY⁄m Æ]ÙdL∞u A•lT˚P´p,l ™Lj˘RÙ˚XÆp Es[YoL˚[Ÿm Ai˚Ul

T”j’Y’ G’?l G›j’ ÍXUÙ?l Æ˚WÆp ˘Nnß ˘Nu\˚PkRRÙ?l Cufl GqYÙfl ˘NnßLs A‡lTlT”°u\]?

CqÆ]ÙdL∞u A•lT˚P´p LXk’˚WVÙP≠uL⁄j’L˚[ B£¨Vo ˘RÙœj’ YZeœ°\Ùo.

l K˚XLs ÍXm ˘NnßLs A‡lTlThP].l ◊\Ù, œß˚W ˙TÙu\ T\˚Y, ÆXeœLs TVu

T”jRlThP].l ˘NnßLs ˘U’YÙLf ˘Nu\˚PkR].l Cufl ˘Yœ Æ˚WÆp ˘NnßLs TW‹°u\].l C˚QVm ÍXm EX°u GkR Í˚X´p

Es[YoLfiP‡m ˘RÙPo◊ ˘LÙs[ ÿ•Ÿm.

œ›d LXk’˚WVÙPp

˘RÙPok’ œ›dLXk’˚WVÙPp S˚P˘T\˙Yi”m.l LpÆ´p C˚QVjßu Teœl Su˚U æ˚ULs l C˚QVm ÿu‡˚Wl C˚QVjßu N¨VÙ] TVuTÙ”l ˚NTo d˚Wm l Y˚XlÈl Y˚XlÈ E⁄YÙdLm

C˚QVjßu TVuTÙ” ˚NTod˚Wm Y˚XlÈdLs B°V˚Yœ±j’d œ±l◊LsRVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

l TZeLÙXjßp Es[˘Nnßj ˘RÙPo◊LfimCu˚\V ˘Nnßj˘RÙPo◊Lfim.

l NÍL AøßLfidœ GßWÙLf˘NVpT”m ß\u

77

L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

L⁄j’L˚[ B£¨Vo ˘RÙœj’ YZeL ˙Yi”m.UÙQYoLs ˙Ut·±VYt˚\d œ±lTÙL G›’°\ÙoLs. UÙQYoL˙[ AYt˚\f —VUßl¿” NnV˙Yi”m.TÙP-Æ-[d-Lm.

Th•Uu\m SPj’Rp

TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£d°\ÙoLs. LXk’˚WVÙPpSPj’°\ÙoLs. C˚QVm Su˚UVÙ? æ˚UVÙ?GuT’ œ±jR L⁄j’L˚[ C⁄ œ›dLfimL⁄j’L˚[ G›ßj RVÙ¨dL ˙Yi”m.l Ußl¿” l —VUßl¿”l œ› Ußl¿” l B£¨Vo Ußl¿”

Th•Uu\d œ±l◊L˚[ G›’°\ÙoLs.

ß˚WdL˚R SÙPLm œ±l◊ RVÙ¨jRp

(œflmTPm LÙh”Rp) LXk’˚WVÙPp. UÙQYoLsA˚R ÆUoN]m ˘Nn’ œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.Tf˚NYVp TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£d°\ÙoLs.TÙP-Æ-[d-LmB£¨Vo Æ[dLm A∞jRp.ß˚WlTPm, SÙPLm GuT˚Y Tt±V œ±l◊G›’°\ÙoLs. B£¨Vo AR˚] Ußl©”°\Ùo.œ±l©p GpXÙd L⁄j’Lfim APe°Ÿs[]GuT˚R Eflß ˘NnRp ˙Yi”m.

l SÙPLm ß˚WlTPm L˚X,TiTÙ” B°V˚YCXd°VjRWm YÙnkR˚Y.

C˚QVm Su˚UVÙ? æ˚UVÙ?GuT’ œ±j’l Th•Uu\dœ±l◊Ls RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

ß˚WdL˚R SÙPLm B°VYt±u£\l◊Ls œ±j’d œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

78 L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

ß˚WdL˚R YN]m G›’Rp.

UÙQYoLs G›ßV œ±l◊L∞u ’˚Q ˘LÙi”œ›dLXk’˚WVÙPp

l SÙPLjßu ·flLs

l ß˚WlTPjßu £\l◊LsSÙPLjßu £\l◊L˚[l Tt±d œ±l◊LsRVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs. SÙPLm, ß˚WlTPm CWi•u˙YflTÙ” Gu]?

Ußl¿”

UÙQYoLs —VUßl¿” ˘NnŸm ˙TÙ’ SÙPLm /ß˚WlTPjßu ·flL˚[ G›ß AYtfls GpXÙL⁄j’Lfim CPm ˘Ttfls[] GuT˚R EflߢNnRp ˙Yi”m.

B£¨Vo Ußl¿”

UÙQYoLs G›ßV Th•V˚X B£¨Vo Ußl©P˙Yi”m.CPm˘T\ ˙Yi•V L⁄j’Ls TÙodL AXœÆ[dLm.ß˚WlTP ÆUoN]m ˘NnRpReL¡uLs ß˚WlTPm LÙh”Rp UÙQYoLs TPmTÙojR ©u ß˚WlTPm œ±j’d LXk’˚WVÙ”°\ÙoLs.

l ß˚WlTPeLs U≤RE\‹L∞u £dLpL˚[ŸmNÍLf £dLpL˚[Ÿm˘Y∞dLÙh”°u\].

l ß˚WlTPm ÷hTUÙ]EQo‹L˚[Ÿm˘Y∞lT”j’°\’.

ß˚WdL˚R YN]m G›’°\ÙoLsSÙPLm, ß˚WlTPjßu ˙YflTÙ”LÙQlTh•V≠”°\ÙoLs.

ß˚WlTj˚R ÆUoN]m ˘Nn’ÆUoN]d œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.

ß˚WdL˚R YN]m G›ßdœflmTPm RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.

79

L⁄j-’-Ls/ß\u-Ls Lt-\p ˘NVpTÙ”/˘NVp-ÿ˚\/Ußl-¿” Lt-\p A˚P-‹-Ls

l ß˚WlTPjßu L˚R l LÙh£ A˚Ul◊l TÙPp l J≠ J∞ A˚Ul◊C˚YlTt± ÆYÙßj’d œ±l◊Ls RVÙ¨jRp˘RÙPok’ AYoLs TÙoj’ W£jR H˙R‡m J⁄ß˚WlTPj˚R ÆUoN]m ˘Nn°\ÙoLs.l ß˚WdL˚R l YN]ml TÙPp l LÙh£ A˚Ul◊l J≠ J∞ A˚Ul◊ l CVdLmUÙQYoLs ß˚WlTPjßtLÙ] ÆUoN]d œ±l◊G›’°\ÙoLs.

B£¨Vo Ußl¿”

ÆUoN]d œ±l©p CPm ˘T\ ˙Yi•VL⁄j’L∞u A•lT˚P´p Ußl¿” ˘NnV˙Yi”m. (TÙodL AXœ Æ[dLm)Gu˘]u] NÍLl ©Wf£˚]L˚[j ß˚WlTPm˘Y∞dLÙh”°u\]?NÍLl ©Wf£˚]L˚[ B£¨Vo Æ[dœ°\Ùo.UÙQYoLs ß˚WdL˚R, YN]m, LÙh£ A˚Ul◊,LÙh£ Æ[dLm B°VYt±u A•lT˚P´p J⁄L˚R˚Vj ˙Ro‹ ˘Nn’ ß˚WdL˚R YN]mG›’°\ÙoLs. G›ßV ß˚WdL˚R˚Vd œflmTPUÙLj RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.l œflmTPm l œ› Ußl¿”l B£¨Vo Ußl¿”

80

LXk’˚WVÙPp

(÷˚Z‹f ˘NVpTÙ”)

l Ti˚PdLÙXjßp ˘RÙ˚XÆp Es[YoLfiPuGqYÙfl ˘RÙPo◊ ˘LÙiP]o?

l G›j’ ÍXUÙ?l Ti˚PV ˘RÙPo◊f NÙR]eLs G˚Y?

CqÆ]ÙdL∞u YØVÙLd LXk’˚WVÙ• B£¨Vo L⁄j’˚[j˘RÙœj’ YZeL ˙Yi”m.

l ˘RÙ˚X˙T£ ˛ ˘RÙ˚XdLÙh£ ˛ L¶≤ ˛ C˚QVm!

l UkßWRkßWd L˚RL∞p Y⁄m UÙVÙ_ÙXd LiQÙ• ˙TÙX®_jßp ER‹m NÙR]m C˚QVm

l ˘SÙ•l˘TÙ›ßp RLYpL˚[j RWYpX’

l ’p≠Vm ARu £\l◊

l A˚XfNp, LÙX ÆWVm Cp˚X

l ˚Ldœs APe°V EX˚L ÆWp÷≤d˙L ˘LÙi” Yk’ÆhP’ C˚QVm

l C˚QVj’dœ ®Lo G’‹˙U Cp˚X Gu\ ®˚X Yk’ÆhP’

l C˚QVjßu TVuTÙ”L˚[ AX—Rp

œ›d LXk’˚WVÙPp

Cu˚\V RLYp ˘RÙPo◊ NÙR]UÙ] C˚QVjßu TVuTÙ” œ±jR LXk’˚WVÙPpS˚P˘T\ ˙Yi”m. TÙPlTœß´¤s[ Lh”˚WL˚[l TVuT”jR ˙Yi”m. Jq˘YÙ⁄œ›Ætœm Jq˘YÙ⁄ R˚Xl©p Es[ ˘NnßL˚[ SLp BL A∞j’d LXk’˚WVÙP˙Yi”m.

UÙQ-Yo-Ls TÙPl-T-œ-ß˚V YÙ£d-°-\ÙoLs

TÙPÆ[dLm

C˚QVÿm CXd°Vÿm Gu\ TÙPlTœß C˚QVjßtœm CXd°Vjßtœm Es[˙YflTÙh•˚]Ÿm Jtfl˚UL˚[Ÿm G”j’d ·fl°u\’. GlT•f £fl Tjߨ˚LLsY¶Ljßtœ GßWÙL —˙Vf˚NVÙL‹m —RkßWUÙL‹m —YÙ£dLj R˚XlThP]˙YÙA’˙TÙu˙\ C˚QVÿm Cufl —RkßWUÙL CVeœ°u\]. Cufl LÙX ˘S⁄dL• TdL˘S⁄dL•Ls CpXÙUp G›’m J˙W CPm C˚QVm G]d ˘LÙs[XÙm.C˚QVjßp ÿdLÙ¤dœm ˙UtTh˙PÙo YVߤm N¨ A‡TYjߤm N¨ ÿßWÙ®˚XYÙNLoL[ÙL˙Y C⁄d°\ÙoLs. Y˚Xf „Z≠u ATjRm LÙWQUÙn Aß≠⁄k’ Rl©dLC˚QVj˚Rd ˙L∞d˚LVÙLl TÙolTYoL˙[ AßLm. ”ÆhP˚W Jq˘YÙ⁄ SÙfimTVuT”j’˙YÙ¨u Gi¶d˚LŸm AßL¨j’ Y⁄°u\’. œ˚\kR Y¨L∞pG›’YRtœ Cufl AßL UÙQYoLfim ÿLË˚X˙V TVuT”j’°\ÙoLs. Uh”Uu±®˚Xf ˘Nnß Gu‡m œflg˘NnßL˚[l T•l˙TÙ˙W AßLm. B]Ùp œ˚\kR A[ÆpRÙu Gu\Ù¤m æÆW ÆYÙReLs ÿLË≠p SPlT˚RŸm —hPÙUp ˙TÙY’ ®VÙVUpX.

l K˚XLsl ◊\Ù / œß˚Wl T˚\

l C˚Nl ß⁄-ÿ-Le-Ls

l ÿW—l YÙ˘]Ù≠l ˘RÙ˚XdLÙh£l L¶≤l C˚QVm

AXœl TœlTÙn‹

81

C˚QVjßu TVuTÙ”/Su˚ULs

l ®Lr‹Ls, SPl◊Ls ˙SW•VÙLd LÙh£lT”jRp

l EP‡dœPu A±V/˘R¨ÆdL YÙnl◊

l Tß‹ ˘NnVlThP A¨V E˚W, LÙh£ ˙TÙpY]˙R˚YlT”m˙TÙ’ ˙R•˘V”j’d ˙LhLXÙm;TÙodLXÙm

l A¨V ®Lr‹L∞u (—]Ù™, ÈLmTm, ®XfN¨‹,˘T⁄˘Ys[m, G¨U˚Xd œÿ\p UtflmGßoTÙWÙR ®Lr‹L∞u TPdLÙh£L˚[dLÙQXÙm.

Y˚XlÈ/ÿLËp

l C˚QV R[m ˙TÙu˙\ ˘NVpTPd·•VY˚XlÈ (Blogger), ÿLËp (Facebook) YÙ´XÙLf˘NnßL˚[l T°ok’˘LÙs[XÙm

l RLYpL˚[l Tß˙Yt\m (Upload) TßÆ\dLm(Download) ˘NnVXÙm

l ÿLËp YØVÙLf ˘NnßL˚[d ˘LÙ”j’l ©\oL⁄j’Ls/ÆUoN]eL˚[l ˘Ttfld ˘LÙs[XÙm.

L¶≤Vdœt\m (Cyber Crime)

l T¨—f ∫h•p (XÙhP¨´p) T¨—Æ›k’s[RÙL Y£VlT”jR Y⁄m ˙TÙ≠™u]gNpLs

l C˚QV R[m ˙TÙX RVÙ¨dLlT”m ˙TÙ≠R[eLs (Stristring site)

l æeœ RWd·•V Sf—d°⁄™Ls (˚YWv)

l ˙TÙ≠VÙ] ˘Uu˘TÙ⁄sLs

l J⁄ L¶≤ ®flY]jßu RW‹L˚[j (Data)ß⁄”Rp

l BTÙNl TPdLÙh£Ls ˛ C˚Y˙TÙu\L¶≤´p Tp˙Yfl œt\eLs EX˘LeœmTWÆY⁄°u\]. BRXÙp L¶≤Vdœt\eLs ˘NnYRÙp °˚PdœmRiP˚]Ls Tt±V ÿu]±‹ ˙R˚Y.

l I.• NhPm2008˛u T• ÍuflBi”Ls ÿRpBŸsRiP˚]

Y˚W °˚PdLXÙm.

l J⁄ XhNmÿRp Ik’ XhNm

Y˚W ATWÙRmÆßdLXÙm.

L¶≤Vd œt\j’˚\LÙYXWÙp ˚L’

˘NnVlTh” YZdœlTß‹ ˘NnRÙp Gu]RiP˚] °˚Pdœm?

CqYÙfl C˚QVjßp”ÆhP˚WŸm ÿLË˚XŸmTVuT”j’m Cu\˚VC˚[OoLs ÆØl◊Qo‹Pu AYt˚\l TVuT”jR ˙Yi”m.C˚QVÿm CXd°VÿmGu\ Lh”˚WŸPu, Y˚XlÈdL∞u E⁄YÙdLm, AYt±u TVuTÙ”, TVuT”j’m ˙TÙ’ LY≤dL ˙Yi•V˚Y, ˚NTo œt\eLsB°VYt˚\Ÿm œ±j’UÙQYoLs YÙ£j’l ◊¨k’˘LÙs [h”m. Æ[dLeL˚[B£¨Vo G”j’d ·\˙Yi”m.

82

L¶≤Vd œt\m ˘NnRYoLs ©uY⁄m ˘Nd`uL∞p˚LRÙ]Ùp _Ù¡u (Bail ˛ ©˚Q) °˚PdLÙ’

©¨‹ ˛ œt\m66 ˛ ˙ad°e (J⁄Y¨u TXÕ]j˚R ÿR˘X”jRp)66A ˛ BTÙNUÙ] œflg˘Nnß66B ˛ L¶≤, C˚QVR[m YØVÙLj ß⁄PlThP˚R YÙeœRp67 ˛ BTÙNUÙLl ◊˚LlTPm G”j’ ˘Y∞´”Rp67A ˛ BTÙNd LÙ˘QÙ∞d LÙh£L˚[ ˘Y∞´”Rp67B ˛ œZk˚RLs ˘RÙPoTÙ] BTÙNl TPeL˚[ ˘Y∞´”Rp

l —RkßW G›j’dœd L[m A˚Uj’j R⁄Y’ C˚QVml TdL ˘S⁄dL•˙VÙ BNÙ™L∞u TdLYÙh” ˘S⁄dL•˙VÙ LÙX

˘S⁄dL•˙VÙ CpXÙUp G›R J˙W CPm C˚QVm Uh”˙Ul 140 RhPpLs E˚PV’ C˚QVml hÆhP¨p G›Rl T¶dLlThPÙp ˘UÙØ ˘Y∞lTÙh•p

·o˚U YW YÙnl◊i”l •ÆhP¨p G›ß]Ùp EXL LY]j˚R DodL ÿ•Ÿm.

(G.”) R™ZL ¡]YoLs CXe˚Ld LPtT˚PVÙp—h”d˘LÙpXlT”YRtœ Gßol◊ ˘R¨Æj’ EXL A[ÆpGߢWÙ≠jR ”ÆhPo œWp

Ußl¿”

Ei” Cp˚Xl C˚QVm œ±jR

˘NnßLsl ÿLËpl Y˚XlÈl ˚NTo °˚Wml NhPeLs

—VUßl¿h”l T•Ym

l C˚QVl TVuTÙ”l Y˚XlÈ, ÿLËp E⁄YÙdLml ˚NTo °˚WmJq˘YÙ⁄ R˚Xl©¤m A˚UkR L⁄j’L˚[ YÙ£jR UÙQYoLs ReLs L⁄j’L˚[˘Y∞´”°\ÙoLs. B£¨Vo ˘LÙ”dL ˙Yi•V L⁄j’Ls Ceœ CPm ˘Ttfls[].C˚QVR[jßp Y˚XlÈ E⁄YÙdL B£¨Vo ERY ˙Yi”m.œ±lTÙL ÿd°VUÙ] L⁄j’L˚[ G”j’d ·\ ˙Yi”m.l L¶≤Vd œt\m (˚NTo °˚Wm)l L¶≤Vd œt\YÙ∞LfidLÙ] RiP˚]l NhPÿ˚\LsUÙQYoLs LXk’˚WVÙ•d ∏rY⁄m R˚Xl◊L∞p œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs. AYt˚\UÙQYoLs —VUßl¿” ˘NnV˙Yi”m.

83

Th•Uu\m SPj’Rp

B£¨V¨u ERÆŸPu UÙQYoLs C⁄ œ›dL[ÙLl Th•Uu\m SPjR ˙Yi”m.C˚QVm Su˚UVÙ? æ˚UVÙ? UÙQYoL˙[ ˘TÙfll˚T Htflf ˘NVpT”Rp. B£¨VoYØLÙhP ˙Yi”m.

l A˚Zl©Rr l S”Yol œ› l Th•Uu\d œ±l◊Ls

B°VYt˚\d œ±j’ ÿ•˘Y”j’l Th•Uu\m SPj’°\ÙoLs. ÿd°VUÙ] L⁄j’L˚[B£¨Vo ˘RÙœj’ A∞dL ˙Yi”m.C˚QVm

A˚Zl©Rr ˛ S≈] Y•Y˚Ul◊Pu RVÙ¨jRp CPm, SÙs, R˚XYo, YW˙YtTÙ[o,

YÙrj’˚W, C⁄ œ›Æ]o ˘TVoLs, Su±Ÿ˚W, SÙh”lTi EhTP

A˚]j’j RLY¤m APeœRp ˙Yi”m

S”Yo T¶ ˛ —˚Y œu\ÙUp SPjßf˘Np¤Rp

YWm◊ ¡flR˚Xj R”jRp

Æ”ThP L⁄j’L˚[ ÿu˚YjRp

LÙnRp, EYjR≠u±j æol◊ YZeLp

œ› ˛ C⁄ œ›dLfim ßWh•´⁄dœm L⁄j’L˚[d ˙LhP±k’ ß⁄jRp,

˙Nol◊Ls ˘NnV B£¨Vo RY\d·PÙ’

œ±l◊Ls ˛ ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ], —˚YVÙ] L˚RLs, ®Lr‹Ls, ˘NnßLs, TPeLs

ßWhP ER‹Rp

UÙQYoLs Th•Uu\dœ±l◊ RVÙ¨d°\ÙoLs.B£¨Vo ˘RÙœj’ YZe°V L⁄j’Ls CPm ˘Ttfls[] GuT˚R UÙQYoLs—VUÙL‹m œ›YÙL‹m Ußl¿” ˘Nn°\ÙoLs. AYt˚\ B£¨Vo Cflß´p Ußl¿”˘NnV ˙Yi”m.

B£¨Vo Ußl¿”

B£¨Vo Ußl©”m ˙Y˚[´p C˚QVjßu Su˚ULs / æ˚ULs Tt±V œ±l◊LsA˚]j’m APe°Ÿs[] GuT˚R EflߢNn’ ©WßT≠l◊d œ±l©p Tß‹ ˘NnV˙Yi”m.

l Y•Ym l L⁄j’ l Te-˙Lt◊

Su˚U æ˚U

C˚Q-Vm

l RY\ÙLl TVuT”j’Rpl BTÙNdLÙh£L˚[l TÙojRpl TÙ≠Vp √ßVÙ] ˘RÙp˚XLsl ˙TÙ˚Rl˘TÙ⁄s TVuTÙh•tœl

TVuT”j’Rp

l Tp˙Yfl RLYpL˚[l ˘T\XÙm.l IVeL˚[j æodLXÙml A¨V ®Lr‹Lsl TPeLs / LÙh£Lsl ˙SW•VÙLd LÙQXÙm.

84

ß˚WdL˚R SÙPLm œ±l◊ RVÙ¨jRp

(œflmTPm LÙh”Rp) LXk’˚WVÙPpUÙQYoLs A˚R ÆUoN]m Nn’ œ±l◊G›’°\ÙoLs.Tf˚NYVp TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£d°\ÙoLs.

TÙPÆ[dLm

ß˚WdL˚R ÆUoN]jßtœd ˘LÙ”dLlTh”s[ Tœß J⁄ œ”mTjߤs[N˙LÙR¨L∞u YÙrd˚L˚Vl ©WßT≠d°u\’. F]ÿtfl ˙SÙVÙLlT”d˚L´p C⁄dœm Au]m Gu\˘Ti LRÙTÙjßW˙U Ceœ ÿd°VlT”jRlT”°u\Ùs. AY⁄dLÙL˙YRoÿ ß⁄UQm ÿ•j’d ˘LÙs[ÙUpC⁄d°u\Ùs. Ru ÍjR N˙LÙRWuC⁄k’mÛ Au]j˚Rd LY≤dLUÙhPÙu GuT˚R AYs ∫RÙUÙ™´Pm ·fl°\Ùs. R≤VÙLf˘NVpTP CVXÙRYoL˚[ U≤RÙ©UÙ]jßu ˘TVWÙp Ru‡Pu˙Noj’d˘LÙsfim J⁄ LRÙTÙjßWj˚R B£¨Vo G”j’dLÙh”°u\Ùo. UÙQYoLs ß˚WdL˚R Gu\TœßVÙL Uh”Uu± ClTœß´p ˘Y∞lT”m U≤RÙ©UÙ]f £kR˚]˚[Ÿm U]ßp˘LÙi” YÙ£dL B£¨Vo ERY ˙Yi”m.B£¨Vo Æ[dLm A∞jRp.ß˚WdL˚R SÙPLm GuT’Tt±V œ±l◊ G›’°\ÙoLs.B£¨Vo AR˚] Ußl©”°\Ùo. œ±l©p GpXÙd L⁄j’Lfim APe°Ÿs[] GuT˚REflß ˘NnRp ˙Yi”m.

œflmTPm RVÙ¨jRp

l L⁄ (Theme) æoUÙ≤jRp

l ßhP™Pp

l CPm, ˘TÙ⁄s, L˚XOo ˙Ro‹˘NnRp

l •¥t\p LÙ˘UWÙ TVuT”jRp

l TPl©•l◊

l ˙UmT”jRp

SÙPLm

l L˚XOoL∞u ˙SW• TeL∞l◊

l S•LoLs YN]m T•j’Jl◊Ædœm ß\u ˙R˚Y

l ©˚Z ˙SWÙUp L⁄j’PuC⁄dL ˙Yi”m

l ˙U˚P˙V±V’mLRÙlTÙjßWUÙL˙Y UÙflRp

l ˘YhPp JhPp Cp˚X

ß˚WlTPm

l ®ZpTPd LÙh£ YNßd˙LtTlTPl©•l◊

l YÙV˚Nl◊m ˘NVpLfim ˙TÙ’m.œW˚Xl ©u]o Tß‹ ˘NnVXÙm

l ©˚Z ˙SokRÙp ß⁄l© G”dLXÙml ¡i”m ¡i”m G”dLXÙm (Re-

make) GuTRÙp £dLp Cp˚Xl ˘YhPp, JhPp Ei”

85

LXk’˚WVÙPp

œflmTPm ß˚W´”Rp(TÙWß, Y.E.£ Utflm CXd°V YÙßLs Tt±V˚Y)ß˚WlTPm TÙojRp, W£jRp, ÆUoN]d œ±l◊ G›Rp, ß˚WlTPm ˛ SÙPL ˙YflTÙ”A±RpTÙPlTœß´p Tf˚NYVp TPdLÙh£˚V ÆUoN]m ˘NnRp; ÆUoN]d œ±l◊ G›Rpl ß˚WdL˚Rl YN]ml TÙPp / C˚NV˚Ul◊l J≠, J∞l ˙UmT”jRp (Editing)l SÙPLm ˛ ß˚WlTPm ˙YflTÙ”L˚[l Th•V≠”Rp

TÙ¤U˙LkßWÙ‹Pu £X ˘SÙ•Ls Gu‡m TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£d°\ÙoLs

TÙPÆ[dLm

TÙ¤ U˙LkßWÙ Gu\ R™rjß˚WlTP CVdœS¨Pm A_Vu TÙXÙ, R[YÙn—kRWm B°˙VÙo SPjßV ˙SoLÙQp TÙPlTœßVÙL A˚Uk’s[’.Am◊≠UÙUÙl ◊jRLm T•lTß≠⁄k’ AY⁄dœ HtThP £≤UÙBoYj˚R G”j’˚Wd°\Ùo. £≤UÙ ¡RÙ] BoYm AYo ©•jRA˘U¨dLu ˘_vÆhv SPjßV Lj˙RÙ≠dLl Ts∞d ·Pjß≠⁄k’˘RÙPe°VRÙLd ·fl°\Ùo. ARtœd LÙWQUÙL C⁄kRYo. TÙRo ˙L©¨VpGuTYo. AYoRÙu EX°u R˚X£\kR ß˚WlTPeL˚[l TÙolTRtLÙ]YÙnl◊L˚[ E⁄YÙd°d ˘LÙ”jRYo. EXL£≤UÙ˚YŸm E⁄YÙd°d˘LÙ”jRYo. EXL £≤UÙ˚YŸm R™r £≤UÙ˚YŸm J⁄™j’l TÙoj’CWi•tœ™˚P˙VŸs[ ÿWiTÙ”L˚[ EQWj ˘RÙPe°]Ùo. Lp̨lT•l˚Tj ˘RÙPok’ ˘LÙ›m◊dœ ˘Nu\Yo. No˙Y •TÙoh˘Uu•p H¨Vp◊˚LlTPdLÙWWÙL ˙Y˚X ˘NnRÙo. ˘LÙ›m©¤m ß˚WlTPf NeLj˚Rj˘RÙPe° SPjß]Ùo.R]’ TßuÍu\ÙY’ ©\kR ß]jßp R]’ RLlT]Ùo ©\kRSÙs T¨NÙLd˘LÙ”jR LÙ™WÙÆp ◊˚LlTPeLs G”dLj ˘RÙPe°VRÙLd ·fl°\Ùo.˘LÙ›m©≠⁄k’ ˙SWÙLl È]Ù ß˚WlTPdLp̨´p ˙Nok’ ÿ˚\-VÙ-LdLt-Lj-˘RÙ-Pe-°-]Ùo. ˘T¨V ˘T¨V £≤UÙdL˚[ E⁄YÙdœY’ Tt±dL]‹LÙiT˙R Lp̨ YÙrd˚LVÙL A˚UkR’. £≤UÙdLp̨ YÙrd˚LTÙßjR J∞lTßYÙ[oLs, Æ⁄m©l TÙojR R™rl TPeLs AYW’ ÿRpTPm ˙TÙu\˚Yl Tt±j ˘RÙPok’ AYW’ ˙SoLÙQ≠p ˘NÙp≠d˘LÙi˙P ˙TÙ°\Ùo. TÙPj˚R YÙ£jR©u GpXÙf ˘NnßL˚[ŸmLXk’˚WVÙP¤dœ EhT”jR ˙Yi”m.

86

ß˚W´”RpReL¡uLs ß˚WTPj˚RdLY]UÙL TÙojRp.UÙQ-Yo-Ls TÙPl-T-œ-ß˚VYÙ£d-°-\Ùo-Ls.TÙPÆ[dLmT¨—jR Au©p øk’m¡uLsSpXÙ£¨Vo Æ⁄’ ˘Tt\RLlT‡dœl ©\kR R˚XULu LpVÙ¶. ÿ˚\VÙLdLpÆ LtLÙR AYu N¨VÙ]YVßp LÙRp YVlTh” Æ”°\Ùu. C[YVß˙X˙V UQÿm ÿ•j’Æ”°\Ùu. YÙrd˚L SPj’YRtœj ˙R˚YVÙ] Y⁄UÙ]m Cp˚X Gu\„Z≠p AlT˙]Ù” J˙W≈h•p œ•jR]m SPj’°\Ùu. Rk˚R´Pm ˙TÙßVY⁄UÙ] ÿm ˙R˚YVÙ]A[‹ ˘NÙj’m Es[]. Re˚L ˘Uu˘TÙ⁄s ’˚\´p ˙Y˚X TÙoj’d ˚L®˚\VNmTÙßd°\Ùs. B]Ùp LpVÙ¶˙VÙ Ru UL∞u T•l◊f ˘NX‹dœl TQ™u±jßQfl°\Ùu. LpÆdLÙL Heœm UL˚[l T•dL ˚YdL ˙Yi”˘Uufl B˚NlT”°\Ùu.L˚R´u Cflß´p SpXÙ£¨Vo Æ⁄’ ˘Ttfl Suœ NmTÙßjR Rk˚R˚V ÆPl T•l˚TlTÙß´p ’\kR, ˙TÙ’UÙ] A[‹ NmTÙßdLÙR Rk˚RVÙ] LpVÙ¶ SpX Rk˚R Gu‡m˘TV˚W G∞ßp ˘Ttfl Æ”°\Ùu. LÙWQm AY]’ ÁV Au◊ RÙu.

LXk’˚WVÙPp

LXk-’-˚W-VÙ-P-≠p CPm ˘T\ ˙Yi-•V L⁄j-’-Lsl ß˚WdL˚Rl YN]ml TÙPpl LÙh£ A˚Ul◊l J≠, J∞ A˚Ul◊l CVdLmLi”L∞jR H˙R‡m J⁄ NÍLl TPj˚Rl Tt± ÆUoN]m G›RpYœlT˚\´p TÙojR ReL¡uLs TPj˚RŸm ÿu◊ Li”L∞jR TPj˚RŸm Jl¿”˘NnRp

l ß˚WdL˚R ˛ ©£±p˚X; Lf£Rm

l YN]m ˛ TÙjßWeLfid˙Lt\ YiQm A˚Uk’s[]

l TÙPp ˛ RÆojß⁄dLXÙm

ÆUoN]d œ±l◊

l ß˚WdL˚R ˛ ◊¨ŸmT•VÙL‹m W£dœmT•VÙL‹m E[[’

l œZlTUÙ] L˚RV˚Ul◊

l YN]m ˛ YZYZ˘LÙZ˘LÙZ/ÆflÆfll◊/—⁄dL Æ[dLm

l TÙPp C˚N : L⁄j’˚PV TPj˙RÙ” TÙ⁄kßV TÙPp/˘RÙPo©pXÙl TPdLÙh£/T˚ZV TÙP˚X®˚]Óh”°\’

l C≤V ©u]¶ C˚N/TÙPp Y¨L˚[l ◊¨k’˘LÙs[CVXÙRYÙfl C˚N ÿZdLm/LÙh£d˙Lt\ C˚NŸmTÙP¤m

l J≠lTß‹ : Au\ÙP ®Lr‹L∞p CVpTÙL J≠dœmJ≠L∞u Tß‹/˘NÆlT˚\˚Vd °Ødœm J≠/˘TÙ⁄jR™pXÙR J≠

J∞lTß‹ : CVpTÙ]’ / ™˚LVÙ] J∞˙UmT”jRp RÙrÆp˚X / —UÙo / SuflÆUoN]d œ±l◊L˚[ UQYoLs Ußl©”RpB£¨Vo Ußl©”Rpÿ•‹dœ Y⁄Rp

87

l LÙh£ A˚Ul◊˛ A⁄˚U, CVpTÙ]˚Y

l J≠, J∞ ˛ L]Lf£Rm

l CVdLm ˛ CVdœS¨u E˚Zl◊ Jq˘YÙ⁄ ®™P KhPjߤm ˘R¨°\’.LÙiTÙo ˘Sg£p Tߟm YiQm LÙh£L˚[ A˚Uj’ ˘Sg—⁄L˚Yd°\Ùo

Jl¿”

l ReL¡uLs ˛ YZdœ Gi 8 / 16

l CWi” L˚XlTPeLs (Art Fim)

l ReL¡uLs ˛ AlTÙ ˛ ULs TÙNl©˚Ql©p CVeœ°\’. CWi” TPÿm C⁄˙YflR[jßp CVe°V˙TÙ’m NÍLl ©Wf£˚]L˚[j RÙu ÿu˚Yd°u\].

l YZdœ Gi 8 / 16 ÆP˚Xl T⁄Y ÆT√R EQo‹L˚[ ˘Y∞lT”j’Y’m, NÍLAYXUÙ] Ei˚UL˚[l T°WeLlT”j’Y’m LÙXjßt˙Lt\ TPUÙL G”j’dLÙh”°\’.

l ReL¡uL∞p Y⁄m TÙN EQo‹Ls T˚ZV L⁄jRÙdLUÙL C⁄kRÙ¤m LÙXk˙RÙflmC⁄dL˙Yi•V Jufl GuT˚R EQoj’°\’.

l YN]m ˛ CVpTÙ]˚Y A˙R˙Y˚[ ™‡d° G”jR £tTm ˙TÙXd L]Lf£RUÙ]˚Y.l TÙPp ˛ ˘TÙ⁄jRUÙ] CPjßp ˘TÙ⁄k’m Y˚L´p A˚UdLlTh•⁄lT’ Sufl.l LÙh£ A˚Ul◊ ˛™L CVpTÙ]˚Y. ™˚LVmNm £±’™p˚X. œu\ÙR ÆflÆfll◊Pu

BY˚XRÛ Ái”m Y˚L´p Es[].l J≠, J∞ ˛ CVp˚T ¡\ÙR˚Y. LÙh£Ls —Zufl Y⁄m˙TÙ’ J∞lTßYÙ[¨u ß\u

Jq˘YÙ⁄ @©˙W™¤m ˘R¨°\’.CVdL CVdœSo TÙXÙ¥ Ndß˙Yp CfNÍLjßtœ Rkß⁄dœm ™Lf £\kR TPm. ®_j˚R˙S¨p LÙiT’ ˙TÙXl TPm T\d°\’.

C⁄ TPdL˚RLfim ß˚WdL˚R A˚Ul©p ˘Pm˙TÙ œ˚\VÙR Y˚L´p TÙo˚YVÙ[˚WC⁄d˚L´u Æ∞m◊d˙L C›j’ Y⁄°u\].

C⁄ TPeLfim CVdœSoL∞u L”m ÿVt£˚Vd LÙh”Y’Pu ˘Yflm˘TÙ›’ ˙TÙdœTPeL∞˚P˙V ◊œk’ ˘Yt± LÙQ ˙Yi”m Gu\ Es˘[Ù∞Ÿm ˘Y±Ÿm

˘LÙiPYoLs GuT˚R G”j’˚Wd°u\].

ß˚WdL˚R G›Rp

ß˚WdL˚R G›’Y’ GlT•?

• L˚R˚V ÿ•‹ ˘Nn-Rp

• LÙh£lT”jR¤dœ ÿd°Vj’Ym A∞dœm Y˚L´p G›’Rp

• CVp-TÙ] YN-]m

• C˚Qj’d˘LÙsYRtœ Ht\Y˚L´p L˚Rj ’∞L˚[ A˚UjRp.

UÙQ-Yo-Ls L˚RlTœ-ß˚V YÙ£j’d L˚Rdœ Ht-\-YÙfl ß˚Wd-L˚R G›R ˙Yi-”m.

88

œflmTPm RVÙ¨jRp

l L˚R˚Vj æoUÙ≤jRpl ß˚WdL˚R RVÙo ˘NnRpl L˚Rd˙Lt\ L˚XOoL˚[j ˙Ro‹ ˘NnRpl LÙh£dœ¨V CPeL˚[j æoUÙ≤jRpl ß˚WdLRÙ£¨Vo, CVdœSo Utflm J≠ ˛ J∞l TßYÙ[⁄Pu LXk’˚WVÙ•

YN]eL˚[ G›Rpl •¥hPp LÙ˘UWÙÆp TPj˚R G”jRp. TPm Su\ÙL Yk’s[˘R≤p £u]jß˚W

´≠⁄k’ ˘T¨V ß˚Wd˙Lt\YÙfl UÙt±d˘LÙs[XÙ˙U.l ˙UmT”jRp Editing.

B£- -Vo Ußl-¿”

œflm-T -Pm R -VÙ -¨j -R˚X B£-¨ -Vo Ußl-© -”m-˙TÙ’ ∏rY⁄m œ±l-◊ -L˚[dL⁄jßt˘LÙs[ ˙Yi-”m.

• L˚R • YN-]m

• ˘UÙØ-S˚P • R˚Xl◊

• C˚N • TÙPp

• ©u-]¶ • TÙj-ßW A˚Ul◊

Lt-\p A˚P‹

ß˚Wd-L˚R G›ß œflm-T-Pm RVÙ-¨j-Rp.B£-¨-Vo ˘RÙPo-U-ßl-¿h-•tœ Eh-T-”jR ˙Yi-•V ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls

• Th-•-Uu-\m

• Th-•-Uu\ Ht-TÙ”-Ls

• R˚X--˚Ul Ti◊

• ˘TÙfll-˙Tt-œm Ti◊

• S”-Yo T¶

• ÿL-Ëp E⁄-YÙd-Lm

• ß˚Wd-L˚R YN-]m

• œflm-T-Pj RVÙ-¨l◊

• L˚R˚V Y•-Y-UÙt-\m ˘Nn-Rp

• ß˚Wl-TP Æo-N-]m

• ß˚Wl-T-Pm TÙoj-Rp.

T˚Pl-◊j ˘RÙœl-©p ˙NodL ˙Yi-•-V˚Y

• Lh-”-˚W-Ls

• œ±l-◊-Ls

• ß˚Wl-TP ÆUo-N-]m

• ß˚W YN-]m

• Th-•-Uu-\d œ±l-◊-Ls

• L˚R-Ls

89

˙U¤m B£-¨-´o Yœl-T-˚\-´p ˘NVp-TÙ-”-L˚[ SPj-’m ˙Yflm UÙQ-Yu ˘RÙœjR©\ ˘UÙØ ˘Y∞-¬h” Y•-Ye-Ls, T´f-£j-RÙs ˙TÙu-\-Yt-˚\-Ÿm T˚Pl-◊j ˘RÙœl-©p˙Noj-’d ˘LÙs-[-XÙm.

T⁄Y Ußl¿h•tLÙ]˚Y

C˚Q-Vm/™u FP-Le-Ls œ±jR Lh-”-˚W-Ls/œ±l-◊-Ls/ Lh-”-˚W-LsTh-•-Uu-\d œ±l-◊-Ls˘NÙt-˘TÙ-Ø‹/£\l-◊-˚Wd-LÙ] E˚W-LsL⁄j-R-We-LdLh-”-˚W-Ls.

Æ]Ùd-Ls

™u FP-Le-L∞u TVu-TÙ” œ±j’ Lh-”˚W G›-’-°-\Ùo-Ls.1. Lp-Æ-´p RL-Yp ˘RÙØp ÷h-Tj-ßu Teœ Gu\ R˚Xl-©p A±-Æ-Vp Li-LÙh£

ß]j-ßp E˚W-VÙt-fl-Y-Rt-LÙ] ˘NÙt-˘TÙ-Ø‹ E˚W RVÙ-¨dL.2. ™u FP-Le-L-∞u RÙd-Lm C[m-R-˚X-ÿ-˚\-´-]-¨˚P˙V Cufl Aß-L-UÙ-°-Ÿs-[-]. CR-

]Ùp Æ˚[-Y’ Su-˚U˙V æ˚U˙V Gu\ R˚Xl-©p S˚P-˘T-flm Th-•-Uu-\j-ßt-LÙ] œ±l◊ G›-’-L.

3. ˙LW[ AW-£u NÙo©p SPj-’m A±-Æ-Vp ß]Ù ÆZÙ-Æp T¨-N-∞d-œm ˘TÙ⁄h”S˚P˘T-flm Lh-”˚Wl ˙TÙh-•-´p Te-˙LtL C˚Q-Vl TVu-TÙ-”m C[m R˚X-ÿ-˚\-´]⁄m Gu\ R˚Xl-©p Lh-”˚W RVÙ-¨dL.

’˚Q ËpLs

1. Y˚XlÈdLs ˛ ERV„¨Vu2. RLYp ˘RÙØp ÷hTm ˛ —. A©WÙ™

R™rl◊jRLÙXVm,G- 3 / 8, UÙ£XÙU¶j ˘R⁄,TÙi•T_Ùo, ˘Nu˚].

3. Tf˚NYVp ˛ UL¨µ4. RLYp ˘RÙØp ÷hTm ˛ PÙdPo. cœUÙo

90

TÙ¤U˙LkßWÙ

CVt˘TVo : ˘TgN™u TÙXSÙRu U˙LkßWÙ©\kR Fo : VÙrlTÙQm, CXe˚LCYo J∞lTß‹ ˘NnR ÿRp TPm ˘SpÌo G‡m U˚XVÙ[jß˚WlTPm £\kRJ∞lTßYÙ[odLÙ] ˙LW[ AW£u Æ⁄˚Rl ˘Tt\’.U˚XVÙ[jßp EsdLPp, lWVÙQm, WÙLm, NhPdLÙ¨, ∫]YX EhTP TX TPeLfidœJ∞lTßYÙ[WÙLl T¶VÙt±VYo. K[eMs (U˚XVÙ[m), ˙LÙ°XÙ (Lu]Pm), ®√z]Ù(˘R¤eœ), ^jUÙ (Ckß) G]l Tp˙Yfl ˘UÙØL∞p CYW’ CXd°Vl TPeLsT¨—L˚[Ÿm, T¨— Ah˚PL˚[Ÿm ˘Tt\]. R™Øp ≈”, AØVÙRd ˙LÙXeLs, Íu\Ùm©˚\, Í”T≤, øeLs ˙LhP˚Y, N߃XÙYß, NkßVÙ WÙLm, UflT•Ÿm EhTP TXTPeL˚[ CVd°j R™›dœl T⁄˚Uf NojRÙo. L˚P£VÙL CYo CVdLjßp Y∞YkRTPeLs R˚Xÿ˚\Ls. Aßp AY˙W ÿd°Vl TÙjßWjßp S•jRÙo. AlTPjßpÿßVYWÙL Y⁄m AYo C\k’ ˙TÙ°\Ùo. ClTPm ˘Y∞YkR £X YÙWeLfidœsEi˚UVÙL˙Y AYo C\k’ ˙TÙ]Ùo.U˚\kR SÙs : 13.02.2014AYo CVd°V, J∞lTß‹ ˘NnR ß˚WlTPeLfim AYo 2013Cp ®flÆV TÙ¤U˙LkßWÙ£≤UÙ ThP˚\ G‡m ß˚WlTPdLp̨Ÿm AYo ◊L˚Z Gu˘\uflm TÙ•d ˘LÙi˙PC⁄dœm.

ß˚WlTPf ˘Nnßd œ±l◊LsA˚NŸm ß˚WlTPj˚R ÿRuÿR≠p E⁄YÙd°VYoLs ©˘Wg— SÙh˚Pf ˙NokRÌ™Vo N˙LÙRWoLs. AYoLs RVÙ¨jR ◊˚LYi• Jufl Yk’ ®tT’, LP≠p £Xoœ∞lT’, Lh•Pj˚R C•lT’ ˙TÙu\j ’i”lTPeL˚[ 1897Cp ÿm˚T´¤m LÙh•ÆVdL ˚YjRÙo.

˙TNÙlTPeLs (MOVIES)

AR˚]j ˘RÙPok’ CkßVÙÆp ÿRp ß˚WlTPm 1913Cp TPjßu ˘TVoWÙ_a¨fNkßWÙ. CR˚]j RVÙ¨jRYo RÙRÙNÙ˙Ll TÙp˙L GuTYo. CkßVjß˚WlTPjRk˚R CY˙W. ClTPm J⁄ ˙TNÙlTPm (SILENT MOVIE) GuT’œ±l©PjRdL’.

• R™Øp RVÙ¨dLlThP ÿRp ß˚WlTPm ∏NLYRm. 1916Cp ˘Y∞YkR’. C’˙TNÙlTP˙U. C˚Rj RVÙ¨jRYo SPWÙ_ ÿR≠VÙo.

• U˚XVÙ[jß˚WŸX°u ÿRp ß˚WlTPm ÆLRœUÙWu. 1930Cp ˘Y∞YkR’. CR˚]G›ßj RVÙ¨j’ CVd° SÙVL]ÙL S•jRYo ˙_.£. PÙ≤Vp. Lu≤VÙœU¨ UÙYhPmALjæ—YWj˚Rf ˙NokRYo. U˚XVÙ[jß˚WlTPj Rk˚R G]l ˙TÙt\lT”°\Ùo.˙LW[ AW— A∞dœm EVokR ß˚WlTP Æ⁄’dœ ˙_.£.PÙ≤Vp Gufl

91

˘TV¨PlTh”s[’.˙T—mTPeLs (TALKIES)

• CkßVÙÆp ß˚W´PlThP ÿRp ˙T—m TPm ˘UX• B@l Xq. ß˚W´hP Bi”1929.

• CkßVÙÆp RVÙ¨dLlThP ÿRp ˙T—m TPm BXm BWÙ. 1931 Cp ˘Y∞YkR’.C’ Jo Ckß ˘UÙØlTPm.

• R™Øp RVÙ¨dLlThP ÿRp ˙T—m TPm LÙ∞RÙv. 1931Cp ˘Y∞YkR’.

• U˚XVÙ[jßu ÿRp ˙T—m TPm TÙXu. CR˚] RVÙ¨jRYo ˙NXm UÙPouß˙VhPov Gu\ TP®˚XVjßu AßTo •.Bo.—kRWm Gu\ R™Zo.

• R™Øp ÿRp ˙T—m TPd LRÙSÙV° •.©. WÙ_Xh—™, 1931), CY˙W R™Øp ÿRp˘Ti TPj RVÙ¨lTÙ[o. TPjßu ˘TVo ™v.LUXÙ. 1936Cp ˘Y∞YkR ClTPjßuCVdœS⁄m AY˙W. R™Øp ÿRu ˘Ti CVdœSo Gu\ ˘T⁄˚UŸm ˘Tt\Ùo.