Prof.(DR.) TANUJA NESARI
DIRECTOR
ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF AYURVEDa
CEO
NATIONAL MEDICINAL PLANT
BOARD
Ayurveda Dietetics and Herbs for
Learning and Attention Disorders
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 1
Contents
1. Definition of Swasth(Health)
2. Components of Health
3. Diet – An important cause of Cognitive Disorders
4. Causes of Learning Disorders
5. Cognition - As Per Ayurveda
6. Samprapti of Learning and Cognitive disorder
7. Pathya Ahara
8. Importance of Kaala in Dietetics
9. Herbs for Management of Cognitive Learning Disorder
10. Sadavritta (Code of Conducts to be Followed)
11. Conclusion
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 2
MINDSOUL BODY
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 3
Whatishealth?
ILLNESS---------WELLNESS-------------------HAPPINESS
Learninganda9en:ondisorders
• ADHD: TroubleWithFocusandHyperacDvity
• Dyslexia:TroubleWithReading
• Dyscalculia:TroubleWithMathemaDcalcalculaDons
• Dysgraphia:TroubleWithWriDng
• Dyspraxia:TroubleWithMotorSkills
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TopicinspiredmanycreaDons
520.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019
These are a few commonly occurring mental
disabilities leading to hampered learning i.e. Loss
of Medha :
Ø Dyslexia
Ø ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Ø Disorder)
Ø Language Processing Disorder.
Ø Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities.
Ø Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit
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Causes of Learning Disorders:
Ø It can be –
a. Hereditary,
b. Chromosomal abnormalities,
c. Mishap to brain nerves at the time of birth in few cases.
Ø Environmental factors also contribute to a person’s mental well-being,
Ø Prolonged depression also results in mental disorders
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 7
Learning and Cognitive Disorders-
Ø Learning disabilities occur as a result of neurological
problems in the human body(especially brain).
Ø Children are the worst affected with mental disabilities.
Ø It interferes with their basic learning capabilities like
reading and writing.
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Components of ADHD
9
-ShortaRenDonspan
forage(difficulty
sustainingaRenDon)
-Difficultylistening
toothers
-DifficultyaRending
todetails
-Easilydistracted
-ForgeWulness
-PoororganizaDonal
skillsforage
-Poorstudyskillsfor
age
-O[eninterrupts
others
-Hasdifficulty
waiDngforhisorher
turninschooland/or
socialgames
-Tendstoblurtout
answersinsteadof
waiDngtobecalled
upon
-Takesfrequent
risks,ando[en
withoutthinking
beforeacDng
-Seemstobein
constantmoDonwithno
apparentgoal
-Hasdifficulty
remaininginhis/her
seatevenwhenitis
expected
-fidgeDngexcessively
-Talksexcessively
-Hasdifficultyengaging
inquietacDviDes
-Losesorforgetsthings
repeatedlyando[en
Inabilitytostayontask
INATTENTION IMPULSIVITY HYPERACTIVITY
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019
Researchwork• Singh,R.H.,Narsimhamurthy,K.&Singh,NeuronutrientimpactofAyurvedicRasayanatherapyinbrainagingG.Biogerontology(2008)9:
369.hRps://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-008-9185-z
• Kumar,V.(2006),Poten:almedicinalplantsforCNSdisorders:anoverview.Phytother.Res.,20:1023-1035.doi:10.1002/ptr.1970• KeanJD,DowneyLA,StoughC-Asystema:creviewoftheAyurvedicmedicinalherbBacopamonnieriinchildandadolescentpopula:ons.
ComplementaryTherapiesinMedicine,Volume29,December2016,Pages56-62
• KongkeawC,DilokthornsakulP,ThanarangsaritPetal-Meta-analysisofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsoncogni:veeffectsofBacopamonnieriextract.JournalofEthnopharmacology,Volume151,Issue1,10January2014,Pages528-535
• MandeepKaur,ADshPrakash&AjudhiaNathKalia(2016)Neuroprotec:vepoten:alofan:oxidantpotentfrac:onsfromConvolvuluspluricaulisChois.in3-nitropropionicacidchallengedrats,NutriDonalNeuroscience,19:2,70-78,DOI:10.1179/1476830515Y.0000000022
• RachithaP,KrupashreeK,JayashreeGV,etal.Chemicalcomposi:on,an:oxidantpoten:al,macromoleculedamageandneuroprotec:veac:vityofConvolvuluspluricaulis.JTraditComplementMed.2018;8(4):483–496.Published2018Feb7.doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.11.002
• VermaS,SinhaRetal(2012)StudyofConvolvuluspluricaulisforan:oxidantandan:convulsantac:vity.CentralNervousSystemAgentsMedicinalChemistry2012Mar;12(1):55-9
• JaiMalik,ManinderKaran&KaranVasisht(2011)Nootropic,anxioly:candCNS-depressantstudiesondifferentplantsourcesofshankhpushpi,PharmaceuDcalBiology,49:12,1234-1242,DOI:10.3109/13880209.2011.584539
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Cognition - As Per Ayurveda
Cognition comes under the concept of :-
• Jnanotpatti
• Medha
• Buddhi
• Smriti
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AyurvedaPerspecDve-Buddhi
cogniDonncoordinaDon
उन्मादंपुनर्मनोबुद्धिसञ्ज्ञाज्ञानस्मृतिभक्तिशीलचेष्टाचारविभ्रमंविद्यात्||५||(Charak.NidanChapter9)
अत्रमनोविभ्रमाच्चिन्त्यानर्थान्नचिन्तयत,ेअचिन्त्यांश्चचिन्तयते;उक्तंहि-“मनसश्चचिन्त्यमर्थः”(सू.अ.८)इति|बुद्धिविभ्रमात्तुनित्यमनित्यमिति,प्रियंचाप्रियमितिपश्यति;वचनंहि-“विषमाभिनिवेशोयोनित्यानित्येप्रियाप्रिय|ेज्ञेयःसबुद्धिविभ्रंशः,समंबुद्धिर्हिपश्यति”(शा.अ.१)इति|सञ्ज्ञांज्ञानं,तद्विभ्रमादग्न्यादिदाहंनबुध्यते;किंवासञ्ज्ञानामोल्लेखेनज्ञानम|्स्मृतिविभ्रमात्तुनस्मरति,अयथावद्वास्मरति|भक्तिरिच्छा,तद्विभ्रमाच्चयत्रेच्छापूर्वमासीत्तत्रानिच्छाभवति|शीलविभ्रमादक्रोधनःक्रोधनोभवति|चेष्टाविभ्रमादनुचितचेष्टोभवति|आचारः
शास्त्रशिक्षाकृतोव्यवहारः;तद्विभ्रमादशौचाद्याचरति||५||(Chakrapanicommentary)
VariouscogniDveandbehaviouralaspectsconsideredinAyurveda
Mana- Mind
Buddhi- Cognition
Sandnya- Perception
Dnyana - Knowledge
Smruti- Memory
Bhakti- Beliefs
Sheela - Morality
Cheshta- Physicial Movements
Achar- Behaviour
Behaviouraldisordersareoriginatedfrom
derangementofeitherfactorsduetodoshaviDaDon.
1220.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019
CogniDvefuncDons
CogniDvefuncDonsmainlycategorizedinto
• Memory,
• ARenDon,
• CreaDvityand
• Intelligence
LD&ADHD-EAA201920.09.19 13
Jnaanotpatti
Ø It involves gross objects (indriyaartha), sense organs
(indriyas), buddhi, manas and atma.
Ø Jnaanotpathi involves the processes of perception, attention
and comprehension.
Ø This knowledge is coded in the form of memory and used
for future works or decisions.
Ø Recall of old knowledge or experiences is smriti. The
normal functioning of smriti results in buddhi. 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 14
Processoflearning
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 15
Buddhi,Sangnya, Gyana,Smruti
Chesta,Aachara Mana
Intellect
BehaviourMind
Anobject
Cogni:ve
organs
(Five)
Mind
(Buddhi)
Rten:on,
percep:o
n&recall
Mind
Connec:v
eorgansAnac:on
Mana
(Psyche)
Indriyartha
(Sense Organs)
Indriyas(Cognitive and Motor Organs)
Samprapti of Learning and Cognitive disorder
According to Ayurveda, learning or acquisition of knowledge is a result
of successive & complex interaction and coordination of following :-
Atma
(Soul)
Buddhi
(Intellect) 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 16
• The functioning of these factors is governed
by Tridosha (Vata, Pitta and Kapha) and Triguna (Sattva,
Raja and Tama) in a specific coordination and balance.
• Any disturbance in these Tridosha and Triguna will cause
disordered functioning of Indriya, Mana and Buddhi leading
to impaired learning or Dyslexia.
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ComponentsofMind
SaRva
TamasaRajasa
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Diet – An important cause of Cognitive
Disorders
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 19
The benefits and outcomes of balanced diet as per
Ayurveda तुष्टि पुष्टि धृति बुद्धि उत्साह पौरुषं बल।ं सौस्वर्य ंओजस्तेजश्च………….नृणाम॥् (का.खि. ४/११-१२)
Ø तुष्टि (Satisfaction)
Ø पुष्टि (Nutrition)
Ø धृति (Patience)
Ø बुद्धि (Intellect)
Ø उत्साह (Enthusiasm)
Ø पौरुषं (Virility)
Ø बलं (Strength)
Ø सौस्वर्य ं(Good voice)
Ø ओजOja (Immunity) 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 20
Ayurvedic dietetics comprises of
What to eat
Pathya aahaar
(Wholesome diet)
Shadrasyukta aahaar (Diet Comprising of
6 Rasas)
Nitya sevaniya
(Items recommended for daily intake)
According to prakriti & season (Personalised
and seasonal regimen)
How to eat
Dwadash Ashan Vichaar
(12 Codes of conduct for food intake)
Ashtavidha Aahar Visheshaayatan
(8 Codes of conduct for food intake)
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 21
Ayurvedadiete:cs-Keyconcept
Ayurvedadiete:cs-
Keyconcepts
Personspecific
Agni(DigesDvecapacity)
Matra(IngesDonsuitability)
PrakriD(PhysicalConsDtuDon)
Foodspecific
Rasa,veerya,vipaka
Seasonspecificity
RecipeRange
Pharmaco-dietaryapproach
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IntroducingSMARTDiet
Satvika
Medhya
Deepana,
Pachana
Rasayana
LD&ADHD-EAA201920.09.19 23
MedhyaRasayanaconcept
• दीर्घमायुःस्मृतिंमेधामारोग्यंतरुणंवयः|प्रभावर्णस्वरौदार्यंदेहेन्द्रियबलंपरम्||७||वाक्सिद्धिंप्रणतिंकान्तिंलभतेनारसायनात|्लाभोपायोहिशस्तानांरसादीनांरसायनम्||८||
• मण्डूकपर्ण्याःस्वरसःप्रयोज्यःक्षीरेणयष्टीमधुकस्यचूर्णम्|रसोगुडूच्यास्तुसमूलपुष्प्याःकल्कःप्रयोज्यःखलुशङ्खपुष्प्याः||३०||आयुःप्रदान्यामयनाशनानिबलाग्निवर्णस्वरवर्धनानि|मेध्यानिचैतानिरसायनानिमेध्याविशेषेणचशङ्खपुष्पी||३१||
• Centellaasia:ca– Mandookparni
• Glycyrrhizaglabra- yash6madhu
• Tinosporacordifolia- Guduchi
• Convolvuluspluricaulis- Shankhapushpi
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ConceptofMedha
Medha
SmriD
DhruDDhi
Medhri
Sangme--- 20.09.19
LD&ADHD-EAA2019 25
MedhyaRasayana
• Anuniqueconceptinayurveda.
• Specificherbs&specificformulaDonsdesigned
asmemoryboosters&enhancers.
• E.g.Brahmi,Shankhapushpi,YashDmadhu,
Mandookparni,Guduchietc.
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MedhyaRasayanas
Buddhi,Sandnya, Gyna,Smruti
Chesta,Aachara Mana
Intellect
BehaviourMind
LD&ADHD-EAA201920.09.19 27
ModeofacDonofmedhya
Rasayana
• Agni-Sadhakagni-JyoDsmaD
• Srotasa-Haritaki,
• Micronutrient/Nourishnent-
Brahmi,
YashDmadhu
LD&ADHD-EAA201920.09.19 28
Herbs
shankhapushpiguduchi
ashwagandha
pippali
yashD
amalki
Medhya
Herbs
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 29
Samegoal-DifferentRoutes
Rasayan
(Immuno-modulator)
Deepani.e.SDmulant(toagni)
&immuno-modulator
E.g.
Haritaki.
Guduchi,Pippali,
Brumhani.e.
Nourishing(body&mentalfaculDes)&immuno-modulator
E.g.
Ashwagandha,YashD,Shatavari
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 30
PATHYA AHAARA
पथ्यंपथोअनपेतंयद्यच्चोक्तंमनसःप्रिय।ंमात्राकालक्रियाभूमौदेहदोषगुणांतरम्॥
(च.स.ु२५/४५-४६)
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 31
Nitya sevaneeya dravyas mentioned by “Acharya Charaka” in Sutra sthana which includes -
“षष्टिकान ्शाली मुद्गांश्च सैंधव आमलके यवान्। आंतरिक्षम् पयः सर्पिः जांगलम ्मधु च अभ्यसेत॥्” (च.सु.५/१२) • Shashtika (Variety of rice which matures in 60 days)
• Shali (Variety of rice) • Mudga (Phaseolus radiatus L.)
• Rock salt
• Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
• Antariksha jala (Rain water)
• Ghrita (Clarified butter)
• Jangala mansa rasa (Meat of wild animals)
• Madhu (Honey) 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 32
Importance of Kaala meal timing in Dietetics
Particular seasons of the year and condition of the body also have their impact on digestive capacity as follows :-
• Nityag - In this Ahara is consumed according to Ritusatmya.
e.g. In Hemant Ritu, the digestive power gets aggravated so heavy food substances should be taken.
In Varsha Ritu due to cold climate vata gets aggravated hence vatashamaka sweet, sour and salty food and drinks are preferred.
• Awasthika - Ahara taken according to healthy or diseased condition of body . 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 33
Diet to be followed in Learning Cognitive disorders
as mentioned by “Bhaishajya Ratnavali” -
• Dadima (Sweet Pomegranate)
• Shobhanjan (Drumstick tree)
• Narikela (Coconut)
• Amlaki (Indian gooseberry.)
• Haritaki (Chebulic myrobalan)
• Tila Taila (Sesame oil)
• Draksha (Grapes)
• Antariksha jala (Rain water)
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 34
Wholesome foods to be followed in Learning
Cognitive disorders mentioned by “Yogratnakara”
• Godhoom (Wheat)
• Mudga (Lentil)
• Rakt shali (Red rice)
• Gau Dugdha (Fresh milk)
• Shatdhaut Ghrita (100 Times washed clarified butter)
• Old Kushmand fruit (Winter melon/curbis )
• Patola (Pointed gourd)
• Brahmi leaves (Water hyssop/gotucola )
• Vastuka (Lamb’s quarters)
• Draksha (Grapes/resins )
• Amalaki (Emlica officnale ) 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 35
Herbs for Management of Cognitive Learning Disorder
• Brahmi - Improves impaired mental functions.
Some of those herbs are as follows:-
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 36
• Mandukparni– Increases learning capabilities. Possesses stress
relieving properties.
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 37
• Ashwagandha – Decreases excitatory neurotransmitters and
suppresses hyperactivity in brain.
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 38
• Jyotishmati – Increases memory power.
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 39
• Guduchi – Enhances cognition by increasing
synthesis of acetylcholine.
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 40
• Vacha – Useful in clearing speech of children.
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 41
Sadavritta (Code of Conducts to be Followed)
Acharya Charaka has mentioned Sadavritta in Sutrasthana .
• If one does not follow Sadavritta regimen, it leads to
development of Psychosomatic disturbances.
• Several practices have been mentioned under Sadavritta.
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 42
Sadavritta regarding taking diet:
Ø One should not take staled food.
Ø One should not take curd at night.
Ø One should not take roasted-grain-flour without mixing it
up with ghee and sugar or in the night or after meals or in
large quantity.
Ø .
20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 43
Take Home Message
Ø Diet plays an important role in health and disease.
Ø Ayurveda focuses on consumption of a diet which is wholesome for body and mind.
Ø The diet should be according to Prakriti(individual), Kala(season), Agni(Digestive fire) and Desha(Place).
Ø There is direct relation of Diet with Mental faculties.
Aahara Shuddo Satva Shuddi, Satva Shuddo Dhruva Smriti
Ø Good diet taken with dietary code and conducts, daily routine, specific procedures in seasonal regimen, dietary changes and behavioral codes may help to enhance the mental capacity.
Ø Specific Medhya Herbs are also helpful for enhancing cognitive power. 20.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019 44
Research
paperon
EvaluaDon
ofBrāhmī
ghṛtamin
childrensuffering
fromARenDon
Deficit
HyperacDvity
Disorder
4520.09.19 LD&ADHD-EAA2019