DEPARTMENT OF AYUSH
MONOGRAPHS
Sl. No. Plant Name Botanical Name Page No. (as per book)
1 AJAGANDHË (Seed) Cleome gynandra Linn 1
2 AJAMODË (Fri!) A"im le"!o"#yllm ($er%&)
F&'&M&e en!#
0 ËMALA+, (Dried /ri!) Em-li.a o//i.inali% Gaer!n&
ËAG'ADHA (Fri! "l") Ca%%ia /i%!la Linn 3
4 A+A (oo!) Calo!ro"i% "ro.era (Ai!&) &r& 5
3 A+A (Lea/) Calo!ro"i% "ro.era (Ai!&) &r& 16
5 ASANA (Hear! 7ood) $!ero.ar"% mar%"im o-& 12
8 A9O+A (S!em -ar:) Sara.a a%o.a (o%.) DC ;illd 10
16 A9'AGANDHË (oo!) ;i!#ania %omni/era Dnal 1
11 A9'ATTHA (ar:) Fi.% religio%a Linn& 13
12 ATAS, (Seed) Linm %i!a!i%%imm Linn 18
1* AT<ALË (oo!) A-!ilon indi.m (Linn) S7 26
10 AT<'<=Ë (oo!) A.on!m #e!ero"#yllm ;all& E
oyle
22
1 A>LA (S!em -ar:) A.a.ia nilo!i.a (Linn ) ;illd& E
&
Del &S"& <ndi.a ( en!# ) renan
20
14 Ë+?C, (Fri!) $%oralea .oryli/olia Linn 2
13 <H,TA+A (Fri!) Terminalia -eleri.a o-& 24
15 <L'A (Fri! "l") Aegle marmelo% Corr& 23
22 DHËTA+, (Flo7er) ;ood/ordia /ri!i.o%a (Linn ) +r *2
2* EAA (oo!) i.in% .ommni% Linn *0
20 GAMHË, (oo! -ar:) Gmelina ar-ora o- *4
2 GO+=?A (oo!) Tri-l% !erre%!i% Linn *5
24 GO+=?A (Fri!) Tri-l% !erre%!i% Linn 06
23 G?>C, (S!em) Tino%"ora .ordi/olia (;illd&) Mier%&
01
25 G?GG?L? (Eda!e) Commi"#ora 7ig#!ii (Arn&) #and& 0*
28 G?JË (Seed) A-r% "re.a!ori% Linn& 00
*6 HA<DË (#iome) Cr.ma longa Linn& 0
*1 HA,TA+, (Fri!) Terminalia .#e-la e!& 03
*2 H<G? (Oleogmre%in) Ferla /oe!ida egel& 08
** JATËMËS, (#iome) Nardo%!a.#y% Ia!aman%i DC 1
*0 JËT,$HALA (Seed) Myri%!i.a /ragran% Ho!!& *
* +AM$<LLA (Fri!) Mallo!% "#ili""inen%i% MellArg&
*4 +ËCANËA (S!em -ar:) a#inia @ariega!a lme 4
*3 +A+OLA (Fri!) $i"er .-e-a Linn& /& 5
*5 +AA+Ë, (;#ole "lan!) Solanm %ra!!n%e rm&/& 8
*8 +ANBËSËA (Lea/) Aloe -ar-aden%i% Mill 42
06 +AAJA (Seed) $ongamia "inna!a (Linn&) Merr& 4*
01 +AA',A (Lea/) Nerim indi.m Mill 40
02 +A+AA9KG< (Gall) $i%!a.ia .#inen%i% rgo 44
0* +Ë$ËSA (Seed) Go%%y"im #er-a.em Linn& 43
00 +A9E? (#iome) S.ir"% :y%oor o-& 45
0 +ETA+, (oo!) $andan% !e.!ori% %oland&
e&$ar:in%on
04 +HAD<A (Hear! 7ood) A.a.ia .a!e.# (Linn&/&)
;illd& 36
03 +<ËTAT<+TA (;#ole "lan!) S7er!ia .#ira!a .#&Ham
31
08 +?LATTHA (Seed) 'igna ni.la!a (Linn&) ;al"& 3
6 +?=HA (oo!) Sa%%rea la""a C& Clar:e 34
1 +?AJA (S!em -ar:) Holarr#ena an!idy%en!eri.a (o!#)
A&DC
35
2 LA'AGA (Flo7er d) Syygim aroma!i.m (Linn&) Merr
M&$erry&
* LODHA (S!em -ar:) Sym"lo.o% ra.emo%a o-& 52
0 MADANA (Fri!) erom"#i% %"ino%a (T#n-) +eay 50
M<9EBË (Fri!) Foeni.lm @lgare Mill 54
4 NBAGODHA (S!em -ar:) Fi.% -engalen%i% Linn 55
3 $Ë=ËAHEDA (#iome) ergenia .ilia!a (Ha7 ) S!ern-& 86
5 $ËHË (oo!) Ci%%am"elo% "areira Linn 82
8 $>GA (Seed) Are.a .a!e.# Linn& 80
46 $?NANA'Ë (A+TA) (;#ole
"lan!)
oer#a@ia di//%a Linn 8
41 SA$TA$AA (S!em -ar:) Al%!onia %.#olari% (Linn)&r&
83
42 9A, (#iome) Hedy.#im %"i.a!m Ham &
E&Smi!#
40 S>+=MA<LË (Fri!) Ele!!aria .ardamo6mm (Linn&)
&r&
161
4 9?H, (#iome) ingi-er o//i.inale o-& 16*
44 S'AA$AT, (Lea/) Ca%%ia ang%!i/olia 'a#l& 16
43 9'ETAJ,A+A (Fri!) Cminm .yminm Linn 164
45 9'ETA SË<'Ë (oo!) Hemide%m% indi.% (Linn&) &r&
163
48 TAGAA (#iome) 'aleriana 7alli.#ii DC 168
36 TËMALA+, (oo! S!em P Lea/) $#yllan!#% /ra!ern% ;e-%!&
111
31 T'A+ (ar:) Cinnamimm eylani.m lme 11*
32 T'A+$ATA (Lea/) Cinnamomm !amala (.# 11
3* ?D?MAA (ar:) Fi.% ra.emo%a Linn 113
30 ?$A+?C<+Ë (Seed) Nigella %a!i@a Linn 118
3 'A?A (S!em -ar:) Cara!ae@a nr@ala .#Ham& 126
34 'ËSË (Lea/) Ad#a!oda @ai.a Nee% 122
33 '<AGA (Fri!)) Em-elia ri-e% rm&/& 12*
35 '<JABË (Lea/) Canna-i% %a!i@a Linn 12
38 BA=, (S!em Poo!) Gly.yrr#ia gla-ra Linn 123
56 BA'ËN, (Fri!) Tra.#y%"ermm ammi (Linn&)
S"rage e Trril&
128
LEGAL NOT< ES
In India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of
monographs
which follow. hese monographs should be read subject to the
restrictions imposed
b! these laws wherever the! are applicable.
It is e"pedient that en#uir! be made in each case in order to
ensure that the
provisions of the law are being complied with.
In general$ the %rugs & Cosmetics Act$ '()* +subse#uentl!
amended in '(,)
and '(-/$ the %angerous %rugs Act$ '(0* and the 1oisons Act$ '('(
and the rules
framed thereunder should be consulted.
2nder the %rugs & Cosmetics Act$ the A!urvedic
1harmacopoeia of India
+A.1.I./$ 1art3I$ 4ol. I$ is the boo5 of standards for single drugs
included therein and
the standards prescribed in the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia of India$
1art3I$ 4ol. I
would be official. If considered necessar! these standards can be
amended and the
Chairman of the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia Committee authorised to
issue such
amendments. 6henever such amendments are issued the A!urvedic
1harmacopoeia of India$ 1art3I$ 4ol. I$ would be deemed to have
been amended
accordingl!.
Title - The title of the book is “Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of
Name of the Drugs - The name given on the top of each monograph of
the drug is in
Sanskrit as mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics and/or in the
Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part-I and Part-II !ill be considered
official" These names have been arranged in
#nglish alphabetical order" The $atin name %ta&onomical
nomenclature' of each drug as found in authentic scientific
literature has been provided in the monograph in the
introductory paragraph" The official name !ill be the main title of
the drug and its scientific name !ill also be considered as legal
name"
Introductory Para - #ach monograph begins !ith an introductory
paragraph indicating the part scientific name of the drug in $atin
!ith short description about its habit distribution and method of
collection if any"
Synonyms - Synonyms of each drug appearing in each monograph
in Sanskrit #nglish
(indi )rdu and other Indian regional languages have been mentioned
as found in the classical te&ts Ayurvedic Formulary of India
Part-I and Part-II as procured from the
e&perts scholars of Ayurveda and officials in the field from
different states"
Italics - Italic type has been used for scientific name of the
drug appearing in the introductory paragraph of each monograph as
also for chemicals and reagents substances or processes described
in Appendi&"
Odour and Taste - *herever a specific odour has been found it
has been mentioned but the description as +odourless, or +no odour,
has in many cases been avoided in the
description as large numbers of drugs have got no specific odour"
The “odour is e&amined by directly smelling . g of the po!dered
drug contained in a package or
freshly po!dered" If the odour is discernible the sample is rapidly
transferred to an open container and re-e&amined after 0
minutes" If the odour persists to be discernible it is described as
having odour"
The “Taste of a drug is e&amined by taking a small 1uantity of
2 mesh po!der by a tip of moist glass rod and applying it on tongue
previously rinsed !ith !ater" This may not be done in case if
poisonous drugs indicated in monograph"
Mesh Number - *herever the po!dering of the drug has been
re1uired the sieve “3esh 4umber 2 has been used" This !ill not
apply for drugs containing much oily substance"
Weights and Measures - The metric system of !eights and
measures is employed" *eights are given in multiples or fractions
of a gramme %g' or of a milligram %mg'" Fluid measures are given in
multiples or fractions of millilitre %ml'"
*hen the term “drop is used the measurement is to be made by means
of a
tube !hich delivers in .5 drops 0 gram of distilled !ater at
0o6"
3etric measures are re1uired by the Pharmacopoeia to be graduated
at .5o6 and
The term “Foreign 3atter is used to designate any matter !hich does
not form part of the drug as defined in the monograph" 7egetable
drugs used as such or in formulations should be duly identified and
authenticated and be free from insects pests fungi micro-organisms
pesticides and other animal matter including animal e&creta be
!ithin the permitted and specified limits for lead arsenic and
heavy metals and sho! no abnormal odour colour sliminess mould or
other evidence of deterioration"
The 1uantitative tests e"g" total ash acid-insoluble ash
!ater-soluble ash
alcohol-soluble e&tractive !ater- soluble e&tractive
ether-soluble e&tractive moisture content volatile oil content
and assays are the methods upon !hich the standards of
Pharmacopoeia depend" The methods for assays are described in their
respective monographs and for other 1uantitative tests methods are
not repeated in the te&t of monographs but only the
corresponding reference of appropriate appendi& is given" The
analyst is not precluded from employing an alternate method in any
instance if he is satisfied that the method !hich he uses !ill give
the same result as the Pharmacopoeial 3ethod" In suitable instances
the methods of microanalysis if of e1uivalent accuracy may be
substituted for the tests and assays described" (o!ever in the
event of doubt or dispute the methods of analysis of the
Pharmacopoeia are alone
authoritative"
Limits for ea!y Metals 8 All Ayurvedic 9rugs %Single/6ompound
formulation' must comply !ith the limits for (eavy 3etals
prescribed in individual 3onograph and !herever limit is not given
then they must comply !ith the limits given in *(: publication
“;uality 6ontrol 3ethods for 3edicinal Plants and 3aterial"
Standards - For statutory purpose statements appearing in the
API Part-I 7ol" 7 under 9escription those of definition of the part
and source plants and Identity Purity and Strength shall constitute
standards"
Thin Layer "hromatogra#hy $T%L%"%& - )nder this head
!herever given the number of spots and <f values of the spots
!ith their colour have been mentioned as a guide for
identification of the drug and not as Pharmacopoeial re1uirement"
(o!ever the analyst may use any other solvent system and detecting
reagent in any instance if he is satisfied that the method !hich he
uses even by applying kno!n reference standards !ill give better
result to establish the identity of any particular chemical
constituent reported to be present in the drug"
'uantities to be (eighed for )ssays and Tests - In all description
1uantity of the
substance to be taken for testing is indicated" The amount stated
is appro&imate but the 1uantity actually used must be
accurately !eighed and must not deviate by more than
05 per cent from the one stated"
"onstant Weight - the term “6onstant *eight !hen it refers to
drying or ignition means that t!o consecutive !eighings do not
differ by more than 0"5 mg per g of the substance taken for the
determination the second !eighing follo!ing an additional hour of
drying on further ignition"
"onstituents - )nder this head only the names of important
chemical constituents
groups of constituents reported in research publications have been
mentioned as a guide and not as pharmacopoeial re1uirement"
Percentage of Solutions - In defining standards the
e&pression per cent %=' is used according to circumstances !ith
one of the four meanings given belo!"
Per cent !/v %Percentage !eight in volume' e&presses the number
of grammes of active substance in 055 millilitres of product"
Per cent v/v %percentage volume in volume' e&presses the number
of millilitres of active substance in 055 millilitres of
product"
Per cent v/! %percentage volume in !eight' e&presses the number
of millilitres of
active substance in 055 grammes of product"
Percentage of alcohol - All statements of percentage of alcohol
%6.(:(' refer to
percentage by volume at 0"> o6"
Tem#erature - )nless other!ise specified all temperatures
refer to centigrade %celsius' thermometric scale"
Solutions - )nless other!ise specified in the individual
monograph all solutions are prepared !ith purified !ater"
*eagents and Solutions - The chemicals and reagents re1uired
for the test in Pharmacopoeia are described in Appendices"
Solubility - *hen stating the solubilities of 6hemical
substances the term “Soluble is necessarily sometimes used in a
general sense irrespective of concomitant chemical
changes"
Statements of solubilities !hich are e&pressed as a precise
relation of !eights of dissolved substance of volume of solvent at
a stated temperature are intended to apply at that temperature"
Statements of appro&imate solubilities for !hich no figures are
given are intended to apply at ordinary room temperature"
Pharmacopoeial chemicals !hen dissolved may sho! slight physical
impurities
such as fragment of filter papers fibres and dust particles unless
e&cluded by definite tests in the individual monographs"
*hen the e&pression “parts is used in defining the solubility
of a substance it is to be understood to mean that 0 gramme of a
solid or 0 millilitre of a li1uid is soluble in that number of
millilitres of the solvent represented by the stated number of
parts"
*hen the e&act solubility of pharmacopoeial substance is not
kno!n a descriptive term is used to indicate its solubility"
The follo!ing table indicates the meaning of such terms ?-
Descri#ti!e terms *elati!e +uantities of sol!ent
7ery soluble $ess than 0 part
Freely soluble From 0 to 05 parts
Soluble From 05 to @5 parts
Sparingly soluble From @5 to 055 parts
Slightly soluble From 055 to 0555 parts
7ery slightly soluble From 0555 to 05555 parts
Practically insoluble 3ore than 05555 parts
Thera#eutic uses and im#ortant formulations 8 Therapeutic uses
and important formulations mentioned in this Pharmacopoeia are as
provided in the recognised Ayurvedic classics and in the Ayurvedic
Formulary of India Part 8I and Part-II"
Doses 8 The doses mentioned in each monograph are in metric
system of !eights
!hich are the appro&imate conversions from classical !eights
mentioned in )yur!edic te&ts" A conversion table is appended
giving classical !eights of )yur!edic System of 3edicine !ith
their metric e1uivalents" 9oses mentioned in the )yur!edic
Pharmacopoeia of India %)%P%I"' are intended merely for general
guidance and represent unless other!ise stated the average range of
1uantities per dose !hich is generally regarded suitable by
clinicians for adults only !hen administered orally"
It is to be noted that the relation bet!een doses in metric and
Ayurvedic systems set
forth in the te&t is of appro&imate e1uivalence" These
1uantities are for convenience of
prescriber and sufficiently accurate for pharmaceutical
purposes"
The abbreviations commonly employed are as follo!s?
)bbre!iations of technical terms
6otyledon 6otldn"
Flo!er Fl"
Fruit Fr"
AJAGANDHË (Seed)
AIagand#Q .on%i%!% o/ !#e %eed% o/ Cleome gynandra Linn&
Syn& Gynandro"%i%
gynandra (Linn&) rie! (Fam& Ca""arida.eae)R a %!rong
%melling %ome7#a! /oe!id #er-
6&4 1 m #ig# /ond a-ndan!ly !#rog#o! 7armer "ar!% o/
<ndia&
SBNONBMS
engali Hr#ria S#l!e
Engli%# Dog M%!ard
Hindi Hl#l Hr#r +a@alia
+annada Naram -ele So"" Nayee!la%i
+a%#miri Gandi !i
Malayalam A!nari @ela
$nIa-i gra
Telg 'amin!a 'ayin!a
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Seed% %mall 12 mm in diame!er :idney %#a"ed %r/a.e rog# dar: -ro7n
or
-la.:&
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Dar: -ro7n oilyR nder mi.ro%.o"e %#o7% a nm-er o/ /ragmen!% o/
e"idermi% o/
1
!e%!a .on%i%!ing o/ !#in7alled "olygonal .ell%R gro"% o/ .ell%
re%em-ling li:e %!one .ell% reddi%#-ro7n 7i!# nonligni/ied 7all%R a
large nm-er o/ o@al ronded or irreglarly %#a"ed "ro!ein -odie%R
%!ar.# and .ry%!al% a-%en!&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 6&0 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 14 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
a%a +aU
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS NQrQyaVa CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES Glma AXU#YlQ +Zmiroga +aV[W +arVaroga
DOSE 1* g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm&
2
2& AIamoda (Fr!&)
AJAMODË (Fri!)
AIamodQ .on%i%!% o/ dried aroma!i. /ri!% o/ A"im le"!o"#yllm
($er%&) F& '& M&
e en!#& (Fam& ?m-elli/erae)R an annal #er- .l!i@a!ed in
And#ra $rade%# GIara!
Mad#ya $rade%# and +arna!a:aR .olle.!ed -y !#ra%#ing "lan!% on a
ma! and dried in %#ade
or in drying %#ed%&
engali and#ni anyamani
Hindi AImda AImod
+annada Oma AIa@ana Oma::i
Malayalam Ayamoda:m Oman
Mara!#i AImoda Oo@a
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Drg .on%i%!% o/ %mall o@oid /ri!R -l: .olor yello7i%# -ro7n mainly
o..r a% en!ire .remo.ar"% 7i!# "edi.el a!!a.#ed or de!a.#ed and
-i/id %!ylo"od /ree end% .r@ed %ome!ime% o..r% a% %e"ara!e
meri.ar"%R .remo.ar"% gla-ro% o@oid !o .oni.al a-o! 1&*&6
mm long and 1&22&5 mm 7ide yello7 !o yello7i%# greenR
%e"ara!ed meri.ar"% -roadly o@oid more or le%% .r@ed dor%al
%r/a.e .on@e 7i!# /i@e eally di%!in.! longi!dinal "rimary ridge%R
a! !#e %mmi! .r@ed %!ylo"odirn .ommi%%ral %r/a.e /la! %#o7ing
dar:er and lig#! .olored longi!dinal -and% /ormer re"re%en!ing !#e
"o%i!ion o/ @i!!ae and @a%.lar -ndle% R odorR aroma!i.R !a%!e
%lig#!ly -i!!er gi@ing a
3
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ /ri! %#o7% meri.ar"% 7i!# /or large @i!!ae on
dor%al %r/a.e !7o on .ommi%%ral %r/a.e and /or "rimary ridge% on
dor%al %r/a.eR * %e.ondary oil .anal% "re%en! nder ea.# "rimary
ridge and al%o -e!7een ridge%R .ar"o"#ore "re%en! on .ommi%%ral
%r/a.eR e"i.ar" .ell% 7i!# !#in %!ria!ed .!i.le o!er 7all% dra7n
in!o "a"illaeR %!oma!a anomo.y!i. !y"e "!o * µ in diame!erR
me%o.ar" .on%i%!% o/ "olygonal "aran.#yma 7i!# !#i.:ened and
ligni/ied .ell% mea%ring *6428µ. in diame!er 7i!# o@al !o rond
"i!%R .olla!eral @a%.lar -ndle% lie -enea!# e"i.ar"R !ra.#eid%
226**55 µ in leng!# 7i!# %"iral %.alari/orm or re!i.la!e
!#i.:ening%R ylem "aren.#yma ligni/ied elonga!ed 7i!# elli"!i.al
"i!% mea%ring 2115134 -y 1**600 µ large %e.ondary @i!!a.
!o7ard% endo%"erm mea%re "!o 12*µ in 7id!# and !o7ard%
"eri"#ery !#e %malle%! @i!!ae mea%ring 150µ in
diame!er&
$o7derS#o7% modera!ely !#i.:7alled .ell o/ e"i.ar" e#i-i!ing
.#ara.!eri%!i. %!ria!ion% and o..a%ional "re%en.e o/ %!oma
/ragmen!% o/ !ri.#ome% and glandlar #air% re!i.la!e
"aren.#yma!o% .ell% o/ me%o.ar" /ragmen!% o/ yello7i%#-ro7n @i!!aeR
/ragmen!% o/ endo%"erm !#i.:7alled "olygonal .ell% .on!aining
alerone grain and mi.ro ro%e!!e .ry%!al% o/ .al.im
oala!e&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er (<n.lding /S!al:) No! more !#an "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 10 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 0 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 10 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an * "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
'ola!ile oil No! le%% !#an 2 "er .en! @\7 A""endi
2&2&16
ONST<T?ENTS E%%en!ial oil and /ied oil
4
+arma 'idQ#Y +a"#a@Q!aIi! DY"ana .i:Z! +ZmiIi! 9Wlag#na
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS AIamodQr:a AIamodQdi CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES Ar.i Ëd#mQna Glma Hi::Q C#ardi +Zmiroga
9Wla
DOSE 1* g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm&
No!e Tra.#y%"ermm ro-rg#ianm (DC) S"rage Syn& Carm
ro-rg#ianm en!#& Hoo:&/& i% !#e .ommon mar:e!
%-%!i!!e
5
ËMALA+, (Fre%# Fri! "l")
Ëmala:Y .on%i%!% o/ /re%# /ri! "l" o/ Em-li.a o//i.inali%
Gaer!n& (Fam&
E"#or-ia.eae)R a %mall or medim %ied !ree /ond in mied de.ido%
/ore%!% a%.ending
!o 1*66 m on #ill% and .l!i@a!ed in garden% and
#omeyard%&
SBNONBMS
A%%ame%e Amla: Amla:#i Amla:#
engali Amla D#a!ri
Oriya Anala Ainla
Tamil Nelli::ai Nelli
Telg ?%iri:a
?rd Amla AmlaI
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ ma!re /ri! %#o7% an e"i.ar" .on%i%!ing o/
%ingle layer o/ e"idermi% and 20 layer% o/ #y"odermi%R e"idermal
.ell !a-lar <n %#a"e .o@ered e!ernally 7i!# a !#i.: .!i.le and
a""ear in %r/a.e @ie7 a% "olygonalR #y"odermal .ell% !angen!ially
elonga!ed !#i.:7alled %maller in dimen%ion !#an e"idermal .ell%R
me%o.ar" /orm% -l: o/ /ri! .on%i%!ing o/ !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o%
.ell% 7i!# in!er.elllar %"a.e% "eri"#eral 48 layer% %maller o@oid
or !angen!ially elonga!ed 7#ile re%! o/ .ell% larger in %ie
i%odiame!ri. and radially elonga!edR %e@eral .olla!eral
/i-ro@a%.lar -ndle% %.a!!ered !#rog#o! me%o.ar" .on%i%!ing o/
ylem and "#loemR ylem .om"o%ed o/ !ra.#eal elemen!% /i-re !ra.#eid%
and ylem /i-re%R !ra.#eal elemen!% %#o7 re!i.la!e %.alari/orm and
%"iral !#i.:ening%R ylem /i-re% elonga!ed 7i!# narro7 lmen and
"oin!ed endR me%o.ar" .on!ain% large aggrega!e% o/ nmero% irreglar
%ili.a .ry%!al%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e (On dried -a%i%) No! le%% !#an 06 "er .en!
A""endi 2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 6 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
Moi%!re .on!en! No! le%% !#an 56 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&8
ONST<T?ENTS A%.or-i. a.id and !annin%
a%a Amla +aXQya Mad#ra Ti:!a +aU
GVa W:Xa Lag#
7
DOSE 1626 g o/ !#e drg
16 ml o/ /re%# Ii.e
8
0& Amala:i (Drd&Fr!&)
ËMALA+, (Dried /ri!)
Ëmala:Y .on%i%!% o/ "eri.ar" o/ dried ma!re /ri!% o/ Em-li.a
o//i.inali% Gaer!n&
Syn& $#yllan!#% em-li.a Linn& (Fam& E"#or-ia.eae)R
mo%!ly .olle.!ed in 7in!er %ea%on
a/!er ri"ening and in +a%#mir in %mmer a %mall or medim %ied !ree
/ond -o!# in
na!ral %!a!e in mied de.ido% /ore%!% o/ !#e .on!ry a%.ending
!o 1*66 m on #ill%R
.l!i@a!ed in garden% #omeyard% or gro7n a% a road %ide
!ree&
SBNONBMS
A%%ame%e Amla:#i Amla:# Amla:
engali Amla D#a!ri
+a%#miri Amli Em-ali
Oriya Ainla Anala
Tamil Nelli::ai Nelli
Telg ?%iri:a
?rd Amla AmlaI
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Drg .on%i%!% o/ .rled "ie.e% o/ "eri.ar" o/ dried /ri! o..ring
ei!#er a% %e"ara!ed %ingle %egmen!R 12 .m long or ni!ed a% * or 0
%egmen!%R -l: .olor grey !o -la.: "ie.e% %#o7ing a -road
#ig#ly %#ri@elled and 7rin:led e!ernal .on@e %r/a.e !o %ome7#a!
.on.a@e !ran%@er%ely 7rin:led la!eral %r/a.e e!ernal %r/a.e %#o7% a
/e7 7#i!i%# %"e.:% o..a%ionally %ome "ie.e% %#o7 a "or!ion o/ %!ony
!e%!a (7#i.# %#old -e remo@ed -e/ore "ro.e%%ing)R !e!re rog#
.ar!ilagino% !og#R !a%!e %or
9
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ /ri! %#o7% e"i.ar" .on%i%!ing o/ a %ingle
layered e"idermi% .ell a""earing !a-lar and "oygonal in %r/a.e
@ie7R .!i.le "re%en!R me%o.ar" .ell% !angen!ially elonga!ed
"aren.#yma!o% and .r%#ed di//eren!ia!ed rog#ly in!o
"eri"#eral 5 or 8 layer% o/ !angen!ially elonga!ed %maller .ell%
re%! .on%i%!ing o/ mo%!ly i%odiame!ri. larger .ell% 7i!# 7all%
%#o7ing irreglar !#i.:ening%R rami/ied @a%.lar elemen!%
o..a%ionally "re%en!R %!one .ell% "re%en! ei!#er i%ola!ed or in
%mall gro"% !o7ard% endo.ar" R "i!!ed @a%.lar /i-re% 7all%
a""earing %erra!ed de !o !#e "i! .anal% leading in!o
lmen&
$o7der Fine "o7der %#o7% e"idermi% 7i!# ni/ormly !#i.:ened
%!raig#! 7alled i%odiame!ri. "aren.#yma .ell% 7i!# irreglar
!#i.:ened 7all% o..a%ionally %#or! /i-re% and !ra.#eid%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er (<n.lding %eed and %eed .oa!) No! more !#an * "er
.en! A""endi 2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 06 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 6 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS A%.or-i. a.id and gallo!annin%
a%a Amla +aXQya Mad#ra Ti:!a +aU
GVa W:Xa Lag#
+arma TridoXaIi! 'ZXya a%Qyana Ca:XXya
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Cya@ana"rQa D#Q!rY La#a D#Q!ryQdi G#Z!a
Tri"#alQ CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES a:!a"i!!a Amla"i!!a $rame#a DQ#a
DOSE *4 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
11
ËAG'ADHA (Fri! "l")
Ërag@ad#a .on%i%!% o/ "l" o-!ained /rom /ri!% (de@oid o/ %eed%
%e"!a and "ie.e%
o/ "eri.ar") o/ Ca%%ia /i%!la Linn& (Fam& Legmino%ae) a
modera!e %ied de.ido% !ree
.ommon !#rog#o! <ndia a% 7ild or .l!i@a!ed "lan! /ri!% .olle.!ed
7#en ri"e&
SBNONBMS
A%%ame%e Sonaroo
GIra!i Garamala Garamalo
+a%#miri +riyangal $#ali
Oriya Snari
Telg ela
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Fri! a many .elled inde#i%.en! "od *46 .m long and 152 mm diame!er
nearly %!raig#! and %-.ylindri.al .#o.ola!e-ro7n !o almo%!
-la.: in .olor "od %r/a.e %moo!# !o na:ed eye -! nder len% %#o7ing
min!e !ran%@er%e /i%%re% -o!# dor%al and @en!ral %!re% e@iden! -!
no! "rominen! %#or! %!al: a!!a.#ed !o -a%e o/ /ri! and ronded
di%!al end m.rona!e "eri.ar" !#in #ard and 7oody /ri! ini!ially
di@ided -y !ran%@er%e %e"!a a-o! mm a"ar! ea.# .on!aining a
%ingle %eed a!!a.#ed !o @en!ral %!re -y a long dar: !#readli:e
/ni.le a-o! 512 -y 45 mm .ir.lar !o o@al /la!!ened reddi%#-ro7n
%moo!# e!remely #ard and 7i!# a di%!in.! dar: -ro7n line e!ending
/rom mi.ro"yle !o -a%e %eed ini!ially em-edded in a -la.: @i%.id
"l"
12
.on%i%!ing o/ -la.: !#in %#ining .ir.lar di%. li:e ma%%e% #a@ing
.en!ral de"re%%ion o/ %eed on -o!# %r/a.e% or a% -ro:en "ie.e%
ad#ered 7i!# ea.# o!#er 7#en di""ed in 7a!er ma:e% yello7
%ol!ion 7#i.# dar:ne%% !o -ro7ni%#yello7 !o dar: -ro7n on :ee"ing
"l" /ill% !#e .ell -! %#rin:% on drying and ad#ere% !o -o!#
%ide% o/ !e%!a %eed% o/!en lye loo%e in !#eir %egmen!% odor /ain!
%i.:ly !a%!e %7ee!&
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 4 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 04 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ASSAB
T&L& &
a%a Mad#ra Ti:!a
GVa Gr
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Ërag@ad#Qdi +@Q!#a CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES 'i-and#a ?dQ@ar!a Glma 9Wla ?dararoga HZdroga
$rame#a
DOSE 16 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /ormR No!e T#e mar:e! ma!erial
.on!ain% %eed% %e"!a e!.& 7#i.# /orm !#e Foreign Ma!!er and
%#old -e %e"ara!ed -e/ore %e&
14
A+A (oo!)
Ar:a .on%i%!% o/ dried roo!% o/ Calo!ro"i% "ro.era
(Ai!&) & r& (Fam&
A%.le"iada.eae) /ond 7ild more or le%% !#rog#o! <ndia&
SBNONBMS
engali A:anda A:one
Engli%# Madar Tree
GIra!i Aa:ado
Tamil 'eller:: Er::
Telg Jilled
?rd Madar Aa:
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
oo! rog# /i%%red longi!dinally .or:y and %o/! e!ernally
yello7i%#grey 7#ile in!ernally 7#i!e .en!ral .ore .ream .olored
-ar: ea%ily %e"ara!ed /rom ylem odor .#ara.!eri%!i. !a%!e -i!!er
and a.rid&
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ roo! %#o7% o!er mo%! .or: !i%%e .on%i%!ing o/
05 ro7% o/ !angen!ially elonga!ed and radially arranged .ell%
/ollo7ed -y *4 ro7% o/ modera!ely
15
!#i.:7alled irreglar .ell% o/ %e.ondary .or!e de@oid o/ .al.im
oala!e .ry%!al% and %!ar.# grain% .or!e .om"o%ed o/ large
"oly#edral "aren.#yma!o% .ell% .on!aining a-ndan! ronded %!ar.#
grain% %ome .or!i.al .ell% .on!ain ro%e!!e .ry%!al% o/ .al.im
oala!e %.a!!ered la!i.i/er .ell% 7i!# -ro7n .on!en!% "#loem
.on%i%!% o/ %ie@e elemen!% and "#loem "aren.#yama %ie@e !-e%
!#i.:7alled .ell% more "rominen! !o7ard% inner region o/
"#loem !ra@er%ed -y ni !o !e!ra%eria!e medllary ray% "#loem .ell%
.on!ain .ry%!al% o/ .al.im oala!e %!ar.# grain% and la!i.i/er%
%imilar !o !#e%e /ond in .or!e .am-im "re%en! I%! 7i!#in !#e "#loem
.on%i%!ing o/ 2 ro7% o/ !#in7alled !angen!ially elonga!ed .ell%
ylem /orm% !#e .en!ral "ar! o/ roo! .om"o%ed o/ @e%%el%&
!ra.#eid% /i-re% and ylem "aren.#yma @e%%el% "re%en! !#rog#o! ylem
region and arranged radially in gro"% o/ 23 %ome!ime %ingle @e%%el%
al%o o..r %ally .ylindri.al #a@ing -ordered "i!% on !#eir 7all%
ylem /i-re% long ligni/ied 7i!# 7ide lmen !a"ering on end% and #a@e
%im"le "i!% on 7all% medllary ray% 10 %eria!e and !ri%eria!e in
o!er region and ni or -i%eria!e in inner region .ell% o/ medllary
ray% radially elonga!ed /illed 7i!# %!ar.# %imilar !o !#o%e
"re%en! in .or!i.al .ell%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 0 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 5 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ASSAB
a%a +aU Ti:!a
'Yrya ?XVa
'i"Q:a +aU
+arma +a"#a@Q!a#Z! DY"ana #edana +Zmig#na 'raVa#ara 'iXag#na
+XU#ag#na
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Ma#Q 'iXagar-#a Taila D#Qn@an!ara
G#Z!a
THEA$E?T< ?SES +aV[W +XU#a +Zmiroga Glma ?dararoga 'raVa
9@Q%a
DOSE 1* g o/ !#e drg /or de.o.!ion
17
3& Ar:a (L/&)
A+A (Lea/)
Ar:a .on%i%!% o/ dried lea@e% o/ Calo!ro"i% "ro.era (Ai!&)
&r& (Fam&
A%.le"iada.eae) /ond 7ild more or le%% !#rog#o! <ndia&
SBNONBMS
engali A:anda A:one
Engli%# Madar Tree
GIra!i Aa:ado
Tamil Er:: 'eller::
Telg Jilled
?rd Aa: Madar
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
S-%e%%ile 41 .m -y 0&5 .m -roadly o@a!e o@a!eo-long elli"!i.
or
o-o@a!e a.!e "-e%.en! 7#en yong and gla-ro% on -o!# %ide% on
ma!ri!y&
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Midri- !ran%@er%e %e.!ion !#rog# midri- %#o7% an ""er and lo7er
%ingle layered e"idermi% e!ernally .o@ered 7i!# !#i.: %!ria!ed
.!i.le /e7 e"idermal .ell% on -o!# %r/a.e% o/ lea/ elonga!ed
!o /orm n i%eria!e 2* .elled !ri.#ome% e"idermal .ell%
18
.-i.al and radially elonga!ed e"idermi% /ollo7ed -y *5 layered
.ollen.#yma on -o!# lo7er and ""er %r/a.e% "aren.#yma!o% .ell%
!#in7alled i%odiame!ri. !o .ir.lar 7i!# in!er.elllar %"a.e% "re%en!
in grond !i%%e %!ele .re%.en! %#a"ed .om"o%ed o/ -i.olla!eral
and o"en @a%.lar -ndle ylem .on%i%!% mo%!ly o/ @e%%el% and
!ra.#eid% a %!ri" o/ .am-im "re%en! -e!7een ylem and "#loem !i%%e%
la!i.i/er% al%o "re%en! in !#e "#loem and "aren.#yma!o%
one&
Lamina dor%i@en!ral 7i!# me%o"#yll di//eren!ia!ed in!o a "ali%ade
and %"ongy !i%%e
""er and lo7er e"idermi% .o@ered e!ernally 7i!# a !#i.:
%!ria!ed .!i.le -elo7 ""er
e"idermi% !#ree ro7% o/ elonga!ed .lo%ely arranged "ali%ade
"aren.#yma "re%en!
%"ongy "aren.#yma !i%%e% almo%! radially elonga!ed 7i!#
in!er.elllar %"a.e% .en!ral
.ell% irreglar in %#a"e la!i.i/er% and @a%.lar -ndle% al%o "re%en!
%.a!!ered in !#i%
region
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 21 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 20 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Gly.o%ide (Calo!ro"in)
a%a +aU Ti:!a
'Yrya ?XVa
'i"Q:a +aU
+arma 'Q!a#Z! DY"ana +Zmig#na 9o"#a 'raVa#ara 'iXag#na #edana
9@Q%a#ara
19
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Ar:a La@aVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES 9o!#a +aV[W +XU#a 'raVa +Zmiroga Glma
9leXmodararoga $lY#Qroga Ara 9@Q%a
DOSE 2636 mg o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
20
ASANA (Hear! 7ood)
A%ana .on%i%!% o/ #ear!7ood o/ $!ero.ar"% mar%"im o-&
(Fam&
Legmino%ae)R a modera!e !o large %ied de.ido% !ree "!o *6 m #ig#
and 2& m in
gir!# 7i!# %!raig#! .lear -ole /ond mo%!ly !#rog#o! GIara! Mad#ya
$rade%# i#ar
and Ori%%a&
A%%ame%e AaIar
Engli%# <ndian +ino Tree
+a%#miri Lal C#ander
Malayalam 'enga
Tamil 'engai
?rd iIa%ar
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion %#o7% al!erna!ing -and% o/ larger and %maller
"olygonal .ell% .on%i%!ing o/ !ra.#eid% /i-re !ra.#eid% ylem
"aren.#yma and !ra@er%ed -y ylem ray% nmero% ylem @e%%el%
di%!ri-!ed !#rog#o! in %ingle% or in gro"% o/ 2* %#o7ing !ylo%e%
/illed 7i!# !anninR in i%ola!ed "re"ara!ion% @e%%el% drm or -arrel
%#a"ed 7i!# 7ellmar:ed "er/ora!ion rim% and -ordered "i!%R
!ra.#eid% nmero% long !#i.:7alled 7i!# !a"ering end% and %im"le
"i!%R /i-re !ra.#eid% elonga!ed !#i.:7alled 7i!# narro7 lmen and
%im"le "i!%R ylem "aren.#yma re.!anglar 7i!# %im"le "i!%
"ara!ra.#eal %rronding @e%%el%R ylem ray% ni!o-i%eria!e *3 .ell%
#ig# "ri%ma!i. .ry%!al% o/ .al.im oala!e "re%en! in .ry%!al /i-re%
%!ar.# a-%en!&
$o7der ro7n !o .#o.ola!e .olor nder mi.ro%.o"e %#o7% @e%%el%
7i!# -ordered "i!% /i-re !ra.#eid% !ra.#eid% /ragmen!% o/ ylem ray%
and /e7 .ry%!al /i-re% %!ar.# a-%en!&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 6& "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Al:aloid% and re%in
$O$ET<ES AND A T<ON
a%a +aXQya +aU Ti:!a
GVa Lag# W:Xa
'Yrya ?XVa
'i"Q:a +aU
+arma +a"#a"i!!aQma:a GaladoXag#na +eya
[email protected] S!am-#ana
+XU#ag#na a%Qyana a:!aod#ana
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Nyagrod#Qdi CWrVa A%ana-il@Qdi
Taila
22
THEA$E?T< ?SES $QV[ $rame#a MedodoXa +XU#a +Zmiroga
DOSE 6166 g o/ !#e drg /or de.o.!ion
23
8& A%#o:a (S!& :&)
A9O+A (S!em -ar:)
Ao:a .on%i%!% o/ dried %!em -ar: o/ Sara.a a%o.a (o%e&) De&
;illd Syn& Sara.a
indi.a Linn& (Fam& Legmino%ae) .olle.!ed in %"ring /rom
ma!re 7ild or .l!i@a!ed !ree%
/ond in Cen!ral and Ea%!ern Himalaya% ;e%!ern G#a!% and
De..an&
SBNONBMS
engali A%#o:a
+a%#miri A%#o:
Telg A%#o:a"a!!a
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
ar: .#annelled e!ernally dar: green !o greeni%# grey %moo!# 7i!#
.ir.lar
len!i.el% and !ran%@er%ely ridged %ome!ime% .ra.:ed in!ernally
reddi%#-ro7n 7i!# /ine
longi!dinal %!rand% and /i-er% /ra.!re %"lin!ery e"o%ing %!ria!ed
%r/a.e a !#in
7#i!i%# .on!ino% layer i% %een -enea!# !#e .or: layer !a%!e
a%!ringen!&
24
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ %!em -ar: %#o7% "eriderm .on%i%!ing o/ a 7ide
layer o/ .or: radially /la!!ened narro7 .or: .am-im %e.ondary
.or!e 7ide 7i!# one or !7o .on!ino% layer% o/ %!one .ell% 7i!# many
"a!.#e% o/ %.lereid% "aren.#yma!o% !i%%e .on!ain% yello7 ma%%e% and
"ri%ma!i. .ry%!al% %e.ondary "#loem .on%i%!% o/ "#loem
"aren.#yma %ie@e !-e% 7i!# .om"anion .ell% and "#loem /i-re%
o..ring in gro"% .ry%!al /i-re% "re%en!&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 11 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol (86 "er .en!) %ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 1 "er .en!
A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 11 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Tannin% and a .ry%!alline gly.o%ide&
a%a +aXQya Ti:!a
GVa Lag# W:Xa
+arma GrQ#Y 'arVya HZdya 9o!#a#ara 'iXag#na
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Ao:QriXUa Ao:ag#Z!a
THEA$E?T< ?SES A%Zgdara A"a.Y DQ#a a:!adoXa 9o!#a
DOSE 26*6 g o/ !#e drg /or de.o.!ion&
25
A9'AGANDHË (oo!)
A@agand#Q .on%i%!% o/ dried ma!re roo!% o/ ;i!#ania %omni/era
Dnal& (Fam&
Solana.eae) a "erennial %#r- /ond in 7a%!e land .l!i@a!ed /ield and
o"en grond%
!#rog#o! <ndia 7idely .l!i@a!ed in .er!ain area% o/ Mad#ya
$rade%# and aIa%!#an
roo!% .olle.!ed in 7in!er 7a%#ed and .! in!o %#or!
"ie.e%&
SBNONBMS
engali A%#@agand#a
Hindi A%gand#
Oriya A%7agand#a
?rd A%gand
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
oo!% %!raig#! n-ran.#ed !#i.:ne%% @arying 7i!# age& roo!% -ear
/i-reli:e
%e.ondary roo!% o!er %r/a.e -// !o greyyello7 7i!# longi!dinal
7rin:le% .ro7n
.on%i%!% o/ 24 remain% o/ %!em -a%e %!em -a%e% @ario%ly !#i.:ened
node% "rominen!
only on !#e %ide /rom 7#ere "e!iole ari%e% .ylindri.al green 7i!#
longi!dinal 7rin:le%
/ra.!re %#or! and ne@en odor .#ara.!eri%!i. !a%!e -i!!er and
a.rid&
26
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ roo! %#o7% .or: e/olia!ed or .r%#ed 7#en
"re%en! i%odiama!ri. and nonligni/ied .or: .am-im o/ 20 di//%ed
ro7% o/ .ell% %e.ondary .or!e a-o! !7en!y layer% o/ .om"a.!
"aren.#yma!o% .ell% "#loem .on%i%!% o/ %ie@e !-e% .om"anion .ell%
"#loem "aren.#yma .am-im 0 ro7% o/ !angen!ially elonga!ed .ell%
%e.ondary ylem #ard /orming a .lo%ed @a%.lar ring %e"ara!ed -y
ml!i%eria!e medllary ray% a /e7 ylem "aren.#yma
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol (2 "er .en!) %ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 1 "er .en!
A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ASSAB
ASSAB A%7agand#a .on%i%!% o/ no! le%% !#an 6&2 "er .en! o/
!o!al al:aloid% 7#en a%%ayed a% /ollo7%
Ta:e a-o! *6g a..ra!ely 7eig#ed o/ !#e "o7dered drg .o@er 7i!#
Al.o#ol (86 "er .en!) and allo7 !o %!and o@ernig#!&
E!ra.! /or 4 #or% %o 7e! a""ara!% and .on.en!ra!e !o a %yr"
re%ide& Trea! 7i!# 2 26 1 and 16 ml "or!ion% o/ "er .en!
Sl"#ri. A.id n!il .om"le!e e!ra.!ion o/ al:aloid i%
a//e.!ed&
To !#e .om-ined a.id e!ra.!% add an e.e%% o/ Dragandor/^%
reagen!& Fil!er nder
%.!ion and di%%ol@e !#e re%ide in A.e!one S#a:e !#e a.e!one %ol!ion
7i!# /re%#ly
"re"ared %%"en%ion o/ 2ml Sil@er Car-ona!e in 16 ml o/
;a!er& Fil!er !#e %ol!ion and
7a%# !#e "re.i"i!a!e 7i!# A.e!one Al.o#ol and 7a!er in !#a!
order& $a%% %//i.ien!
Hydrogen Sl"#ide !#rog# !#e /il!ra!e& oil !#e %ol!ion /or 16
min!e% <n!er and
e@a"ora!e nder @a.m in a !ared /la%:& Add !o !#e re%ide ml o/
E!#yl Al.o#ol
e@a"ora!e !o dryne%% re"ea! !#e "ro.e%% on.e again and 7eig#! !#e
re%ide !o .on%!an!
27
ONST<T?ENTS Al:aloid% and 7i!#anolide%&
a%a Ti:!a +aXQya
+arma 'Q!a:a"#Q"a#a alya a%Qyana 'QIY:araVa
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS A@agand#QdyariXUa A@agand#Qdi
Le#ya
alQ@agand#alQ:XQdi Taila
THEA$E?T< ?SES +Xaya Dar-alya 'Q!aroga 9o!#a +lai-ya
DOSE *4 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
28
A9'ATTHA (ar:)
A@a!!#a .on%i%!% o/ dried -ar: o/ Fi.% religio%a Linn&
(Fam& Mora.eae) a large
"erennial !ree gla-ro% 7#en yong /ond !#rog#o! !#e "lain% o/
<ndia "!o 136 m
al!i!de in !#e Himalaya% largely "lan!ed a% an a@ene and road%ide
!ree e%"e.ially near
!em"le%&
SBNONBMS
engali A%@a!!#a A%#d A%#@a!!#a
Engli%# $i"al !ree
Hindi $i"ala $i"al
+annada Arlo anIi a%ri A%#@a!!#anara A%#7a!#a Aralimara Aralegida
A%#@a!#amara a%ari A%#@a!!#a
+a%#miri ad
Oriya A%7a!#a
Tamil A%#7ar!#an Ara%amaram Ara%an Ara% Arara
Telg a@i.#e!!
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
ar: o..r% in /la! or %lig#!ly .r@ed "ie.e% @arying /rom
1&62& .m or more in
!#i.:ne%% o!er %r/a.e -ro7n or a%# .olored %r/a.e ne@en de !o
e/olia!ion o/
.or: inner %r/a.e %moo!# and %ome7#a! -ro7ni%# /ra.!re /i-ro% !a%!e
a%!ringen!&
29
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ -ar: %#o7% .om"re%%ed re.!anglar !o .-i.al
!#i.:7alled .or: .ell% and dead elemen!% o/ %e.ondary .or!e
.on%i%!ing o/ ma%%e% o/ %!one .ell% .or: .am-im di%!in.! 7i!# *0
ro7% o/ ne7ly /ormed %e.ondary .or!e mo%!ly .om"o%ed o/ %!one .ell%
!o7ard% "eri"#ery %!one .ell% /ond %.a!!ered in large gro"% rarely
i%ola!ed mo%! o/ "aren.#yma!o% .ell% o/ %e.ondary .or!e
.on!ain nmero% %!ar.# grain% and /e7 "ri%ma!i. .ry%!al% o/ .al.im
oala!e %e.ondary "#loem a 7ide one .on%i%!ing o/ %ie@e elemen!%
"#loem /i-re% in %ingle% or in gro"% o/ 2 !o many and nonligni/ied
nmero% .ry%!al /i-re% al%o "re%en! in o!er region %ie@e
elemen!% mo%!ly .olla"%ed 7#ile in inner region in!a.! "#loem
"aren.#yma mo%!ly !#i.:7alled %!one .ell% "re%en! in %ingle or in
%mall gro"% %imilar !o !#o%e in %e.ondary .or!e a nm-er o/ ray.ell%
and "#loem "aren.#yma /illed 7i!# -ro7n "igmen!% "ri%ma!i. .ry%!al%
o/ .al.im oala!e and %!ar.# grain% "re%en! in a nm-er o/
"aren.#yma!o% .ell% medllary ray% ni !o ml!i%eria!e 7ider
!o7ard% o!er "eri"#ery .om"o%ed o/ !#i.:7alled .ell% 7i!# %im"le
"i!% in !angen!ial %e.!ion ray .ell% .ir.lar !o o@al in %#a"e
.am-im 7#en "re%en! .on%i%!% o/ 20 layer% o/ !#in7alled
re.!anglar .ell%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 6&* "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 5 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 8 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Tannin%&
a%a +aXQya
'Yrya 9Y!a
'i"Q:a +aU
+arma +a"#a"i!!a@inQY 'arVya Sa_grQ#Y #agna%and#Qna:ara
MW!ra%a_gra#aVYya
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Nyagrod#Qdi +@Q!#a CWrVa Nyagrod#Qdi
CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES 'Q!ara:!a a:!a"i!!a 'raVa BonidoXa $rame#a
DOSE 26*6 g o/ !#e drg /or de.o.!ion
31
ATAS, (Seed)
A!a%Y .on%i%!% o/ dried ri"e %eed% o/ Linm %i!a!i%%imm
Linn & (Fam& Lina.eae)
an ere.! annal #er- 6&41&2 m #ig# e!en%i@ely .l!i@a!ed
!#rog#o! !#e "lain% o/<ndia
"!o an al!i!de o/ 566 m .a"%le ri"en -y end o/ Jne dried
%eed% %e"ara!ed /rom .a"%le
-y !#ra%#ing&
A%%ame%e Ti%i T%i
engali Ma%ina A!a%i
Engli%# Lin%eed
Hindi Al%i
+a%#miri Al%i
Mara!#i A!%#i
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Seed %mall -ro7n glo%%y 7i!# min!ely "i!!ed %r/a.e a-o! 04 mm long
and 22& mm in maimm 7id!# elonga!edo@oid /la!!ened ronded a!
one end and o-liely "oin!ed a! !#e o!#er near 7#i.# on one edge a
lig#! de"re%%ion en.lo%ing #ilm and mi.ro"yle em-ryo
.on%i%!ing o/ !7o yello7i%#7#i!e /la!!ened "lano.on@e .o!yledon%
and a radi.le nearly /ill% !#e %eed and .om"le!ely %rronded -y a
!#in 7#i!i%# endo%"erm -o!# endo%"erm and em-ryo oily !e%!a
m.ilagino% 7#en %oa:ed in 7a!er odor .#ara.!eri%!i. !a%!e oily 7#en
.#e7ed&
32
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ %eed %#o7% !e%!a .on%i%!% o/ i%odiame!ri.
.ell% 7i!#
m.ilagino% o!er 7all% .ollen.#yma!o% .ell% o/ middle layer o/
%eed .oa! .ylindri.al
%ingle layered yello7i%# -ro7n longi!dinally elonga!ed a-o!
126186µ long and
1013 µ 7ide !#i.: ligni/ied and 7i!# "i!!ed 7all% %ingle layer
o/ /la!!ened "olygonal
"igmen! .ell% 7i!# reddi%#-ro7n .on!en!% alerone grain% in
!#e .o!yledon% "!o 26µ
in diame!er ea.# 7i!# glo-oid and .ry%!alloid a-ndan! glo-le o/
/ied oil and
o..a%ional %!ar.# grain% "re%en!&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an *6 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
Fied oil No! le%% !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&5
ONST<T?ENTS Fied oil m.ilage and "ro!ein
$O$ET<ES AND A T<ON
a%a Mad#ra Ti:!a
GVa Snigd#a Gr
'Yrya ?XVa
'i"Q:a +aU
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS SarXa"Qdi $rale"a
THEA$E?T< ?SES 9iroroga +Zmiroga +XU#a $rame#a
DOSE *4 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
33
AT<ALË (oo!)
A!i-alQ .on%i%!% o/ roo! o/ A-!ilon indi.m (Linn&) S7ee!
(Fam&
[email protected]) a
#airy #er- or nder%#r- 1&61& m #ig# annal or more
o/!en "erennial 7i!# golden
yello7 /lo7er% /lo7ering mo%!ly !#rog#o! !#e year /ond a-ndan!ly
!#rog#o! !#e
#o!!er "ar!% o/ <ndia a% a .ommon 7eed on road %ide% and
o!#er 7a%!e "la.e% in "lain% and
#ill% "!o an ele@a!ion o/ 466 m&
SBNONBMS
engali adela
Hindi +ang#i
+annada S#rimdrigida Mdragida Tr-e
Malayalam ?ram +a!@an ?r-am ?ra-am 'an:rn!o!! Oor"am T!!i
Mara!#i C#a:ra-#endi $e!ari Mdra
Oriya $edi"idi:a
?rd
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Ta" roo!% /airly long 7i!# a nm-er o/ la!eral -ran.#e% 1&2 .m
in diame!er lig#! -ro7n o!er %r/a.e %moo!# 7i!# do! li:e len!i.el%
-ar: !#in and .an -e ea%ily "eeled o// odor /ee-le !a%!e
a%!ringen! and -i!!er&
34
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ roo! %#o7% a !#in .or: o/ 03 or more
!angen!ially elonga!ed
re.!anglar .ell% .or: .am-im %ingle layered and a! !#e
len!i.el region% /ollo7ed -y
2* layer% o/ %e.ondary .or!e o/ !#in7alled almo%! .-i.al or
re.!anglar .ell%
.on!aining %mall .l%!er% o/ .al.im oala!e in mo%! o/ .ell%
"#ellogen /ollo7ed -y *0
layer% o/ !#in7alled .ell% o/ .or!e %ome .ell% o/ .or!e 7#i.# are
a-o@e !#e .oni.al
%!rand% o/ -a%! .r%#ed %mall %!ar.# grain% 48µ in diame!er
"re%en! in %ome o/ !#e
.ell% "#loem /orm% !#e maIor "or!ion% o/ -ar: and "re%en! a%
.oni.al %!rand% 7i!# !#eir
-a%e% !o7ard% !#e 7ood and 7i!# dila!e di%!al end% o/ !#e
"rimary medllary ray in
-e!7een !#em /i-re% "re%en! in gro"% o/ 1612 in !#e%e .oni.al
%!rand% in !angen!ial
ro7% al!erna!ing 7i!# !#in7alled "#loem elemen!% !o7ard% 7ood
/i-re gro"% elemen!
in -e!7een !#e /i-re% mo%!ly .on%i%!% o/ "#loem "aren.#yma Some
.ell% .on!ain .l%!er
.ry%!al% o/ .al.im oala!e and a /e7 o!#er% #a@e %!ar.# grain% %ome
"#loem .ell%
!o7ard% "eri"#ery a""ear .om"re%%ed and .r%#ed inner !o "#loem a
.am-im "re%en!
.on%i%!ing o/ 12 ro7% o/ narro7 !#in7alled re.!anglar .ell% 7ood
.om"o%ed o/
@e%%el% 7ood /i-re% 7ood "aren.#yma and medllary ray% @e%%el% @ary
in diame!er and
arranged in radial gro"% o/ 20 al%o o..r in %ingle% %ome .ell%
%#o7 !ylo%e%
/orma!ion "aren.#yma !#i.:7alled and %lig#!ly 7ider !#an /i-re
.ell% -! le%%
!#i.:ened %ingle or rarely .om"ond %!ar.# grain% "re%en! !e!rar.#
-ndle or "rimary
ylem "re%en! a! !#e .en!re o/ 7ood medllary ray% ni or -i%eria!e
7iden m.# !o7ard%
di%!al end% mo%! o/ !#e ray .ell% .on!ain %!ar.# grain% and %ome
.on!ain .l%!er o/
.al.im oala!e %!ar.# grain% "re%en! in 7ood larger !#an !#o%e o/
-ar: region a /e7 ray
.ell% a! .en!re o/ !#e roo! .on!ain r#om-oidal .ry%!al%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 5 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an * "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an * "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
35
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 8 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS A%"aragin
a%a Mad#ra
GVa Snigd#a
+arma GrQ#Y 'Q!a#ara alya 'ZXya
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS alQ Taila NQrQyaVa Taila Ma#Q NQrQyaVa
Taila
THEA$E?T< ?SES Me#a 'Q!ara:!a a:!a"i!!a
DOSE *4 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
36
10& A!i@i%#a (!&)
AT<'<=Ë (oo!)
A!i@iXQ .on%i%!% o/ dried !-ero% roo!% o/ A.oni!m #e!ero"#yllm
;all& e&
oyle (Fam ann.la.eae) a "erennial #er- na!i@e o/ 7e%!ern Himalaya%
and /ond in
Gar#7al +maon and +a%#mir a! al!i!de -e!7een 2660666 m&
SBNONBMS
A%%ame%e Aa!i.#
Hindi A!i%
Malayalam A!i@idayam A!i@i!ayam
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
oo!%
[email protected] !a"ering do7n7ard% !o a "rin! 2&63& .m
long 6&01&4 .m or more !#i.: a! i!% ""er e!remi!y gradally
de.rea%ing in !#i.:ne%% !o7ard% !a"ering end e!ernally lig#!
a%#grey 7#i!e or grey-ro7n 7#ile in!ernally %!ar.# 7#i!e e!ernal
%r/a.e 7rin:led mar:ed 7i!# %.ar% o/ /allen roo!le! and 7i!# a
ro%e!!e o/ %.aly rdimen!ary lea@e% on !o" /ra.!re %#or!
%!ar.#y %#o7ing ni/orm 7#i!e %r/a.e mar:ed !o7ard% .en!re -y
03 .on.en!ri.ally arranged yello7i%#-ro7n do!% .orre%"onding !o end
o/ /i-ro@a%.lar -ndle% !ra@er%ing roo! longi!dinally !a%!e -i!!er
7i!# no !ingling %en%a!ion&
37
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ ma!re roo! %#o7% %ingle layered e"idermi%
.on%i%!ing o/ lig#! -ro7n !a-lar .ell% r"!ring on /orma!ion o/ .or:
.or: .on%i%!% o/ 16 ro7% o/ !angen!ially elonga!ed !#in7alled .ell%
.or: .am-im %ingle layered .on%i%!ing o/ !angen!ially elonga!ed
!#in7alled .ell% .or!e m.# 7ider .on%i%!ing o/ !angen!ially
elonga!ed or ronded !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o% .ell% 7i!#
in!er.elllar %"a.e% .ell% /lly "a.:ed 7i!# -o!# %im"le a% 7ell a%
.om"ond %!ar.# grain% .om"ond %!ar.# gain% .om"o%ed o/ 20
.om"onen!% o/ %"#eri.al -ody endodermi% di%!in.! .om"o%ed o/ -arrel
%#a"ed .ell% elemen!% o/ @a%.lar -ndle% "oorly de@elo"ed @a%.lar
-ndle% arranged in a ring in!er/a%.i.lar .am-im "re%en! in /orm o/
a ring .om"o%ed o/ /e7 layered !#in7alled .ell% .en!ral .ore
.on%i%!ing o/ !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o% .ell% "o%%e%%ing %!ar.#
grain% %imilar !o !#o%e /ond in .or!i.al .ell%&
$o7der A%# .olored !o lig#! -ro7n nder mi.ro%.o"e %#o7% a-ndan!
%im"le and .om"ond %!ar.# grain% and "aren.#yma!o% .ell%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 0 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 4 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 20 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Al:aloid% (a!i%ine di#ydroa!i%ine #e!i%ined and
#e!era!i%ine)&
$O$ET<ES AND A T<ON
a%a Ti:!a +aU
GVa Lag# W:Xa
38
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS od#rQ%a@a 9i@Q GUi:Q La:XmYnQrQyaVa a%a
Ma#Q
'iXagar-#a Taila Q%nairaV[Qdi +@Q!#a CWrVa Sdarana CWrVa $a.a!i:!a
Gggl G#Z!a Qla.Q!r-#adri:Q CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES J@ara +Q%a C#ardi AmQ!i%Qra +Zmiroga
DOSE 6&42&6 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
39
1& a--la (S!& :&)
A>LA (S!em -ar:)
a--Wla .on%i%!% o/ dried ma!re %!em -ar: o/ A.a.ia nilo!i.a
(Linn&) ;illd& e&
Del& %"& indi.a (en!#&) renan Syn& A.a.ia ara-i.a
;illd& (Fam& Legmino%ae) a
modera!e %ied %"iny e@ergreen !ree /ond !#rog#o!
<ndia&
SBNONBMS
GIra!i a@al +aloa-a@al
+annada S#armeer:a +ari Jail +ari go-li $lai Jali
+a%#miri Sa:
Mara!#i a-#l a-#la
Oriya a-la a-ala
Telg Nalla!mma T#mma
?rd
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
ar: #ard dar: -ro7n or -la.: dee"ly /i%%red !ran%@er%ely and
longi!dinally inner %r/a.e reddi%# -ro7n longi!dinally %!ria!ed and
/i-ro% -rea:% 7i!# di//i.l!y and e#i-i!% a /i-ro% /ra.!re !a%!e
a%!ringen!&
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ ma!re -ar: %#o7% 12 layered !#in7alled
%lig#!ly /la!!ened mo%!ly re.!anglar -ro7n .olored .or: .ell% a /e7
len!i.el% /ormed -y r"!ring o/ .or: .ell% %e.ondary .or!i.al
.ell% o@a!e !o elonga!ed many !anni/ero% %!one .el1% @aria-le in
%#a"e and %ie "re%en! in large gro"% %e.ondary "#loem
40
.on%i%!% o/ %ie@e !-e% .om"anion .ell% /i-re% .ry%!al /i-re% and
"#loem "aren.#yma "#loem /i-re% in many gro"% and !#i.:7alled
"#loem !i%%e% /illed 7i!# reddi%# or -ro7n .on!en!% "re%en!
.ry%!al /i-re% !#i.:7alled elonga!ed di@ided -y !ran%@er%e %e"!a
in!o %egmen!% ea.# .on!ain a "ri%ma!i. .ry%!al o/ .al.im oala!e
medllary ray% ni !oml!i %eria!e rn almo%! %!raig#! ray .ell%
elonga!ed !o "olygonal 2620 .ell% #ig# and 2 .ell% 7ide
.ry%!al% o/ .al.im oala!e /ond %.a!!ered among%! !#e %!one
.ellb.el1% o/ %e.ondary .or!e and "#loem "aren.#yma&
$o7der$o7der a% %.# reddi%# -ro7n .olored nder mi.ro%.o"e many
"ri%ma!i. .ry%!al% o/ .al.im oala!e %!one .ell% -o!# 7i!# narro7
and 7ide lmen and %!ria!ion% and .ry%!al /i-re% %een&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 4 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 0 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Tannin% and gm
a%a +aXQya
'Yrya 9Y!a
'i"Q:a +aU
+arma GrQ#Y +a"#a#ara 'iXag#na
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS MZ!a%aIY@anY SrQ a--WlQriXUa
THEA$E?T< ?SES +XU#a +Zmiroga A!Y%Qra +Q%a
DOSE 26*6 g o/ !#e drg /or de.o.!ion
41
Ë+? , (Fri!)
Q:.Y .on%i%!% o/ dry ri"e /ri!% o/ $%oralea .oryli/olia Linn&
(Fam&
Legmino%ae) an ere.! 6&*1&5 m #ig# annal #er- di%!ri-!ed
!#rog#o! <ndia /ond
.ommonly in ?!!ar $rade%# engal and Ma#ara%#!ra&
SBNONBMS
engali a:.#i SomraIi Ha:.#a 'eeIa
Engli%#
+annada a.#ige #a@an!i-eeIa #a@an.#igid a:.#i
+a%#miri a-.#i
Tamil +ar"o:ari%i +ar"ogalari%i +ar-ogalari%i
Telg a@an.#al
?rd a-.#i
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Fri!% dar: .#o.ola!e !o almo%! -la.: 7i!# "eri.ar" ad#ering !o !#e
%eed.oa!
*0& mm long 2* mm -road o@oido-long or -ean %#a"ed %ome 7#a!
.om"re%%ed
gla-ro% ronded or m.rona!e .lo%ely "i!!ed %eed% .am"ylo!ro"o%
non
endo%"ermo% oily and /ree /rom %!ar.# odorle%% -! 7#en .#e7ed %mell
o/ a "ngen!
e%%en!ial oil /el! !a%!e -i!!er n"lea%an! and a.rid&
42
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ /ri! %#o7% "erio.ar" 7i!- "rominen! ridge%
and de"re%%ion% .on%i%!ing o/ .olla"%ed "aren.#yma and large
%e.re!ory gland% .on!aining oleore%ino% ma!!er !e%!a an o!er layer
o/ "ali%ade e"idermi% layer o/ -earer .ell% 7#i.# are m.# !#i.:ened
in !#e inner !angen!ial and -a%al radial 7all% and 2* layer% o/
"aren.#yma .o!yledon% o/ "oly#edral "aren.#yma and !#ree
layer% o/ "ali%ade .ell% on !#e adaial %ide&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 5 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 1* "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 11 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
a%a Ti:!a +aU
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS SomarQIY Taila A@algIQdi Le"a
THEA$E?T< ?SES 9@i!ra +XU#a +Zmiroga J@ara Me#a
DOSE *4 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
43
13& i-#i!a:a (Fr!&)
<H,TA+A (Fri!)
i-#Y!a:a .on%i%!% o/ "eri.ar" o/ dried ri"e /ri!% o/ Tern!inalia
-eleri.a o-&
(Fam& Com-re!a.eae) a large de.ido% !ree 1612 m or more #ig#
.ommonly /ond in
"lain and /ore%!% "!o 866 m ele@a!ion /ri!% ri"en !o7ard%
No@em-er&
SBNONBMS
engali ayada a#eda
+a%#miri a-elo alali
?rd a#era
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ /ri! %#o7% an o!er e"i.ar" .on%i%!ing o/ a
layer o/ e"idermi% mo%! o/ e"idermal .ell% elonga!e !o /orm
#air li:e "ro!-eran.e 7i!# %7ollen -a%e .om"o%ed o/ a one o/
"aren.#yma!o% .ell% %lig#!ly !angen!ially elonga!ed and irreglarly
arranged in!ermingled 7i!# %!one .ell% o/ @arying %#a"e and %ie
elonga!ed %!one .ell% /ond !o7ard% "eri"#ery and %"#eri.al in !#e
inner one o/ me%o.ar" in gro"% o/ *16 me%o.ar" !ra@er%ed in @ario%
dire.!ion% -y nmero% @a%.lar %!rand% -ndle% .olla!eral
endar.# %im"le %!ar.# grain% and %ome %!one .ell% /ond in mo%! o/
me%o.ar" .ell% /e7 "eri"#eral layer% de@oid o/ %!ar.# grain%
ro%e!!e% o/ .al.im oala!e and %!one .ell% "re%en! in "aren.#yma!o%
.ell% endo%"erm .om"o%ed o/ %!one .ell% rnning longi!dinally
a% 7ell a% !ran%@er%ely&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 5 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an * "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Galli. a.id !anni. a.id and gly.o%ide%
a%a +aXQya
'i"Q:a Mad#ra
+arma +a"#a"i!!aIi! #eda:a +ZminQana Ca:XXya +eya +Q%a#ara
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Tri"#alQ CWrVa Tri"#alQdi Taila
La@a]gQdi 'aUY
THEA$E?T< ?SES S@ara-#eda Ne!raroga +Q%a C#ardi +Zmiroga
'i-and#a
DOSE *4 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /rom
45
15& il@a (Fr!& $l")
<L'A (Fri! "l")
il@a .on%i%!% o/ "l" o/ en!ire nri"e or #al/ ri"e /ri!% o/ Aegle
marmelo% Carr&
(Fam& !a.eae) a !ree a!!aining a #eig#! o/ 12 m gro7ing 7ild
and al%o .l!i@a!ed
!#rog#o! !#e .on!ry rind o/ /ri! i% remo@ed and "l" i% -ri%ed and
dried&
SBNONBMS
engali ela il@a
Hindi ela Sri"#al el
+annada il@a
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Fri! %-glo-o%e 15 .m in diame!er e!ernally greeni%# 7#en yong
yello7i%#-ro7n 7#en ri"e rind a-o! 1& mm* mm !#i.: #ard and
7oody %r/a.e %moo!# or %lig#!ly granlar -earing a .ir.lar %.ar a!
!#e "oin! o/ a!!a.#men! 7i!# "edn.le .ar"el% 161 .en!ral ea.#
.on!aining %e@eral #airy %eed% em-edded in yello7i%#-ro7n e!remely
%!i.:y m.ilage %eed% o-long /la! 7oody and #a@ing 7#i!e #air
/re%# "l" o/ ri"e /ri! -ro7n o/ %!i.:y %#read% dried "l" #ard and
"ale !o dar: red in .olor /reen!ly -rea:% a7ay /rom !#e rind
dring drying lea@ing a !#in layer a!!a.#ed !o i! odor /ain!ly
aroma!i. !a%!e m.ilagino% and %lig#!ly a%!ringen!&
46
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
To!al A%# No! more !#an 0 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 4 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 6 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ASSAB
T&L& &
a%a +aU Ti:!a +aXQya
GVa Lag# W:Xa
+arma DY"ana $Q.ana GrQ#Y $i!!a:Z! 'Q!a:a"#a#ara alya
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS il@Qdi Le#a Z#a! Ga]gQd#ara CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES $ra@Q#i:Q AgnimQndya Gra#aVYroga
DOSE *4 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
47
18& #andra%a (Sd&)
ANDA9>A (Seed)
CandraWra .on%i%!% o/ dried %eed% o/ Le"idim %a!i@m Linn &
(Fam& Cr.i/erae) a
%mall ere.! annal #er- a-o! 10 .m #ig# .l!i@a!ed !#rog#o!
<ndia&
SBNONBMS
Engli%# Common Cre%%
Hindi C#an%r
Oriya C#anda%ara C#anda%ra
$nIa-i Holon Tara!eI
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
$o7der Creamyello7 7i!# a nm-er o/ reddi%#-ro7n /ragmen!% o/ %eed
.oa!% nder mi.ro%.o"e %#o7% "ie.e% o/ %eed .oa! %ome %#o7ing
red .oloring ma!!er and o!#er% 7i!# ni/ormly !#i.: 7all% endo%"erm
oily&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 5 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 6& "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 1* "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
a%a +aU Ti:!a
'Yrya ?XVa
'i"Q:a +aU
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS +a%!WryQdi ('Qy) GUi:Q
THEA$E?T< ?SES Hi::Q A!Y%Qra 'Q!ara:!a
DOSE *4 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
49
<TA+A (oo!)
Ci!ra:a .on%i%!% o/ dried ma!re roo! o/ $lm-ago eylani.a Linn&
(Fam&
$lm-agina.eae) a large "erennial %-%.anden! %#r- /ond !#rog#o!
<ndia in 7ile
%!a!e and o..a%ionally .l!i@a!ed in garden%&
SBNONBMS
San%:ri! Agni 'a#ni J@alanQ:#ya +ZQV H!Qa Da#ana H!a-#: 9i:#Y
A%%ame%e Agiya.#i! Agna.#i!
engali C#i!a
Engli%# Lead 7ar
+annada C#i!ramla 'a#ni ili.#i!ramoola
+a%#miri C#i!ra S#a!ranIa
Malayalam 'ella:ed@eli T#m"o::od@eli
Mara!#i C#i!ra:a
$nIa-i C#i!ra
?rd S#ee!raI Hindi C#ee!a#
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
oo!% *6 .m or more in leng!# 4 mm or more in diame!er a% al%o a%
%#or! %!o! "ie.e% in.lding roo! %!o.:% reddi%# !o dee" -ro7n
%.ar% o/ roo!le!% "re%en! -ar: !#in and -ro7n in!ernal %!r.!re
%!ria!ed odor di%agreea-le !a%!e a.rid&
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ roo! %#o7% o!er mo%! !i%%e o/ .or: .on%i%!ing
o/ 3 ro7 o/ .-i.al !o re.!anglar dar: -ro7n .ell% %e.ondary .or!e
.on%i%!% o/ 2* ro7% o/ !#in 7alled re.!anglar lig#! -ro7n .ell%
mo%! o/ !#e .or!e .ell% .on!ain %!ar.# grain%
50
%e.ondary .or!e /ollo7ed -y a 7ide one o/ .or!e .om"o%ed o/ large
"olygonal !o !angen!ially elonga!ed "aren.#yma!o% .ell% @arying in
%ie and %#a"e .on!aining %!ar.# grain% and %ome .ell% 7i!# yello7
.on!en!% /i-re% %.a!!ered %ingly or in gro"% o/ 24 "#loem a
narro7 one o/ "olygonal !#in7alled .ell% .on%i%!ing o/ %al elemen!%
and "#loem /i-re% %imilar !o .or!i.al one "#loem /i-re% %ally
in gro"% o/ 2 or more -! o..a%ionally o..rring %ingly
ligni/ied 7i!# "oin!ed end% and narro7 lmen %imilar in %#a"e and
%ie !o !#o%e o/ %e.ondary .or!e .am-im indi%!in.! ylem lig#! yello7
!o 7#i!i%# @e%%el% radially arranged 7i!# "i!!ed !#i.:ening%
medllary ray% %!raig#! 14 %eria!e .ell% radially elonga!ed %!ar.#
/illed 7i!# %!ar.# grain% %!one .ell% a-%en!&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an * "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an * "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 12 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 12 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS $lm-agin
a%a +aU
'Yrya ?XVa
'i"Q:a +aU
+arma DY"ana $Q.ana GrQ#Y +a"#a@Q!a#ara Aro#ara 9Wla#ara
9o!#a#ara
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Ci!ra:Qdi 'aUY Ci!ra:a#arY!a:Y Ci!ra:Qdi
CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES AgnimQndya Gra#aVYroga Ara ?daraWla Gdao!#a
DOSE 12 g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /ormR No!e 9`d#ana o/ !#i% drg i% !o
-e done -e/ore %e a% de%.ri-ed in !#e a""endi
51
21& D#anya:a (Fr!&)
DHËNBA+A (Fri!)
D#Qnya:a .on%i%!% o/ dried ri"e /ri!% o/ Coriandrm %a!i@m Linn&
(Fam&
?m-elli/erae) a %lender gla-ro% -ran.#ed annal #er- .l!i@a!ed all
o@er <ndia *686
.m #ig# gi@ing .#ara.!eri%!i. aroma 7#en r--ed .ro" ma!re% in 2*
mon!#% a/!er
%o7ing #er- i% "lled o! 7i!# roo!% a/!er drying /ri!% !#rea%#ed o!
and dried in %n
7inno7ed and %!ored in -ag%&
SBNONBMS
San%:ri! D#ani:a D#Qnya 'i!nna:a +%!m-r
A%%ame%e D#aniya
engali D#ane D#ania
Engli%# Coriander /ri!
GIra!i D#ana
+a%#miri D#ani7al D#ana7al
Malayalam Malli +o!#am"a!ayari
Oriya D#ania
$nIa-i D#ania
Telg D#aniyal
?rd +i%#nee
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Fri! glo-lar meri.ar"% %ally ni!ed -y !#eir margin% /orming a
.remo.ar" a-o! 20 mm in diame!er ni/ormly -ro7ni%#yello7 or -ro7n
gla-ro% %ome!ime% .ro7ned -y !#e remain% o/ %e"al% and %!yle%
"rimary ridge% 16 7a@y and %lig#!ly in.on%"i.o% %e.ondary ridge% 5
%!raig#! and more "rominen! endo%"erm .oelo%"ermo% odor aroma!i.
!a%!e %"i.y and .#ara.!eri%!i.&
52
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ /ri! %#o7% "eri.ar" 7i!# o!er e"idermi% 7#en
"re%en! 7i!# %lig#!ly !#i.:ened an!i.linal 7all a /e7 %!oma!a many
.ell% 7i!# %mall "ri%m% o/ .al.im oala!e !ri.#ome% a-%en! o!er
layer o/ me%o.ar" "aren.#yma!o% 7i!# inner .ell% in 7a@y
longi!dinal ro7% and degenera!ed @i!!ae a% !angen!ially /la!!ened
.a@i!ie% middle layer o/ me%o.ar" %.leren.#yma!o% /orming a
!#i.: layer o/ /%i/orm "i!!ed .ell% in @ery %ino% ro7% layer% o/!en
.ro%%ing a! rig#! angle% 7i!# de/ini!e longi!dinal %!rand% in !#e
%e.ondary ridge% %ino% "rimary .o%!ae 7i!# %ome %"iral @e%%el inner
.ell% o/ me%o.ar" large #eagonal 7i!# ra!#er !#in ligni/ied 7all%
inner e"idermi% o/ @ery narro7 !#in7alled .ell% %lig#!ly %ino%
an!i.linal 7all %#o7ing "are!ry arrangemen! !7o or rarely
more normal @i!!ae o..rring on .ommi%%ral %ide o/ ea.# me%o.ar"
.on!aining @ola!ile oil endo%"erm o/ !#i.:7alled .elllo%i.
"aren.#yma .on!aining m.# /ied oil nmero% alerone grain% a-o!
05 in diame!er .on!aining mi.roro%e!!e% o/ .al.im oala!e %"li!
.ar"o"#ore "a%%ing a! a"e o/ ea.# meri.ar" in!o ra"#e
adIa.en! !o 7#i.# a large .a@i!y and on inner %ide o/ !#i% a
/la!!ened @a%.lar %!rand .ar"o"#ore .on%i%!ing o/ /i-re% %rronded
-y %"iral @e%%el%&
$o7der Fa7n !o -ro7n e"idermal .ell% o/ "eri.ar" 7#en "re%en!
%lig#!ly !#i.:7alled and many .on!aining %mall "ri%m o/ .al.im
oala!e "aren.#yma!o% .ell% o/ me%o.ar" 7i!#o! re!i.la!e !#i.:ening
ma%%e% o/ %.leren.#yma!o% .ell% o/ me%o.ar" in %ino% ro7%
o/!en .ro%%ing a! rig#! angle% large !-lar #eagonal ra!#er
!#in7alled %.leren.#yma!o% .ell% o/ endo.ar" .ell% o/ inner
e"idermi% 7i!# %lig#!ly %inno% an!i.linal 7all% !#i.:7alled
"olygonal "aren.#yma!o% .ell% o/ endo%"erm .on!aining /ied oil and
nmero% %mall alerone grain% mi.roro%e!!e% o/ .al.im
oala!e&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 4 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1& "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 16 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 18 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
'ola!ile oil No! le%% !#an 6&* "er .en! A""endi
2&2&16
ONST<T?ENTS E%%en!ial oil (.oriandrol)
GVa Lag# Snigd#a
'Yrya ?XVa
+arma DY"ana $Q.ana GrQ#Y TridoXan! MW!rala Ca:XXya HZdya
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS D#Qnya"a.a:a +@Q!#a CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES J@ara TZXVQ C#ardi DQ#a AIYrVa A!Y%Qra
DOSE 1* g o/ !#e drg in "o7der /orm
54
DHËTA+, (Flo7er)
D#Q!a:Y .on%i%!% o/ /lo7er% o/ ;ood/ordia /r!i.o%a (Linn&)
+r& (Fam&
Ly!#ra.eae) m.# -ran.#ed %emi de.ido% nder%#r- or %#r- 1* m #ig#
rarely
"!o * m /ond !#rog#o! <ndia a%.ending !o 166 m in
Himalaya% and al%o in !#e
Gange!i. "lain% al%o .l!i@a!ed in garden%&
SBNONBMS
A%%ame%e D#ai"#ool
engali D#ai"#l
Hindi D#ai D#a@a
+annada D#a!a:i Tamra"%#"i
$nIa-i Da@i $#l D#a@a
Tamil +a!!a!i +a!!a!#i +a!!a!!i"oo
Telg Aarl $r@
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Flo7er a-o! 1&2 .m long o..r% a% %ingle or in -n.#e% o/ 21 .aly
1&61&4 .m long ridged and gla-ro% -rig#! red 7#en /re%# -!
/ade% on drying 7i!# .am"anla!e -a%e and o-lie a"e #a@ing 4
!rianglar and a.!e !ee!# ea.# !oo!# -eing 22& mm long 4 @ery
min!e a..e%%ory %e"al% a!!a.#ed o!%ide a! !#e In.!re o/ .aly !oo!#
and dee"er in .olor "e!al% 4 a!!a.#ed in%ide !#e mo!# o/ .aly!-e
%#ig#!ly longer !#an .aly !oo!# al!erna!ing 7i!# .aly!oo!# "ale
ro%e or 7#i!i%# !#in "a"ery lan.eola!e a.mina!e %!amen% 12 ni!ed a!
!#e -a%e a-o! 1&2 .m long /ilamen! /ili/orm .r@ed a! !#e a"e
:ee"ing an!#er% in%ide .aly!-e an!#er% dor%i/ied -ro7n almo%!
ronded or -roadly o@a!e .ar"el% 2 ni!ed o@ary %"erior %!yle
/ili/orm
55
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ %e"al %#o7% %ingle layered .!i.lari%ed
e"idermi% "ro@ided 7i!# -o!# glandlar and .o@ering !ri.#ome%
Rglandlar !ri.#ome% ml!i.elllar long .on%i%!ing o/ a %!al:
and a glo-o%e !#in7alled ml!i.elllar #ead .o@ering !ri.#ome%
ni.elllar !#i.:7alled -road a! -a%e and "oin!ed a! !#e a"e grond
!i%%e .on%i%!ing o/ !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o% .ell% %r/a.e @ie7 o/
"e!al %#o7% !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o% .ell% "ro@ided 7i!# @ery /e7
%"ar%ely di%!ri-!ed .o@ering !ri.#ome% !ran%@er%e %e.!ion o/
/ilamen! %#o7% e"idermi% .on%i%!ing o/ %ingle layered !angen!ially
elonga!ed .ell% .o@ered 7i!# a @ery !#i.:.!i.le grond !i%%e
.on%i%!ing o/ !#in 7alled "aren.#yma!o% .ell% 7i!# in!er.elllar
%"a.e% %rronding a .en!ral& @a%.lar .ylinder o/ %"irally
!#i.:ened @e%%el% !ran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ an!#er %#o7% %ingle layered
e"idermi% .o@ered 7i!# .!i.le /ollo7ed -y %e@eral layer% o/
!#i.:ened .ell% %rronding -o!# !#e "ollen%a.% #a@ing nmero% "ollen
grain% "ollen grain% rog#ly !e!ra#edral 7i!# !#ree "ore% mea%ring
1214 µ a""roima!ely .en!ral region .on%i%!ing o/
!#in7alled .ell% em-oding @a%.lar -ndle%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 16 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 25 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Tannin and gl.o%ide
a%a +aXQya +aU
+arma GrQ#Y 'iXag#na Gar-#a%!#Q"ana +Zmin! Sand#QnYya
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Z#a! Ga]gQd#ara CWrVa
THEA$E?T< ?SES A!Y%Qra TZXVQ 'i%ar"a 'raVa a:!a"i!!a
DOSE *4 g& o/ drg in "o7der /orm
57
EACA (oo!)
EraV[a .on%i%!% o/ dried ma!re roo!% o/ 2i.in% .ommni% Linn&
(Fam&
E"#or-ia.eae) a !all gla-ro% %#r- or almo%! %mall !ree 20 m #ig#
/ond !#rog#o!
<ndia mo%!ly gro7ing 7ild on 7a%!e land and al%o .l!i@a!ed /or
i!% oil %eed%&
SBNONBMS
San%:ri! Gand#ar@a#a%!a 'Q!Qri $a.Q]gla Ci!rQ ?r- -
A%%ame%e Eda Era
engali #erenda
GIra!i Erandio Erando
+a%#miri Aran anangir
?rd edanIir Arand
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
oo! lig#! in 7eig#! almo%! %!raig#! 7i!# /e7 roo!le!% o!er %r/a.e
dll yello7i%# -ro7n nearly %moo!# -! mar:ed 7i!# longi!dinal
7rin:le% %ome "la.e% 7#i!i%#yello7 and %o/! odorle%% !a%!e
a.rid&
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ roo! %#o7% !#in layer o/ .or: o/ %ari%# !o
!angen!ially
58
elonga!ed !#in7alled .ell% -enea!# .or: %e.ondary .or!e o/
!#in7alled !angen!ially elonga!ed .ell% narro7 .or!e o/ ronded !o
!angen!ially elonga!ed !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o% .ell% %ome
.on!aining large oil glo-le% ro%e!!e% o/ .al.im oala!e .ry%!al% and
rond %im"le or .om"ond %!ar.# grain% "#loem a -road one .on%i%!ing
o/ %ie@e !-e% "#loem "aren.#yma and "#loem /i-re% /i-re% long
mo%!ly %e"!a!e #ig#ly !#i.:ened #a@ing narro7 lmen %ome /i-re%
%rronded -y .on.en!ri. ro7% o/ .ell% .on!aining .ry%!al% o/ .al.im
oala!e %ie@e !-e% !#in7alled 7i!# .om"anion .ell% and "#loem
"aren.#yma in !#e inner region o/ "#loem more "rominen! %ome "#loem
"aren.#yma .ell% .on!ain .ry%!al% o/ .al.im oala!e .am-im *
layered .ell% re.!anglar in %#a"e ylem o.."ie% maIor "ar! o/
roo! "en!ar.# /i@e gro"% o/ "rimary ylem di%!in.! in !#e .en!re o/
!#e 7ood ylem .on%i%!% o/ @e%%el% "aren.#yma and /i-re% @e%%el%
ni/ormly %.a!!ered !#rog#o! !#e ylem region ei!#er %oli!ary or in
gro"% larger in %ie !o7ard% "#loem 7i!# -ordered "i!% ylem
"aren.#yma le%% ia nm-er arond @e%%el% .on!aining %!ar.#
grain% ylem /i-re% long and !#i.:7alled medllary ray%
ni!o-i%eria!e more or le%% %!raig#! 0 %eria!e ray% %ome!ime% /ond
near "ro!oylem gro"% ray .ell% !#in7alled %lig#!ly radially
elonga!ed in "#loem region !#i.:7alled in ylem region all ray
.ell% .on!ain %!ar.# grain%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 5 "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 1 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an * "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 8 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
ONST<T?ENTS Al:aloid (ri.inine)
a%a Mad#ra
'Yrya ?XVa
59
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS Gand#ar@a#a%!Qdi +@Q!#a CWrVa 'Q!Qri
Gggl
Gand#ar@a#a%!a !aila
THEA$E?T< ?SES Ëma@Q!a 9o!#a 'a%!iWla +aUiWla ?dararoga
J@ara
DOSE 26*6 g o/ !#e drg /or de.o.!ion
60
GAMHË, (oo! -ar:)
Gam-#QrY .on%i%!% o/ dried ma!re roo! and roo! -ar: o/ Gmelina
ar-orea o-&
(Fam& 'er-ena.eae) !ree a-o! 15 m #ig# 7i!# a .lear -ole o/ 48
m and a gir!# o/
1&2&1 m /ond in !#e lo7er Himalaya% !#e Nilgiri% and !#e
Ea%! and ;e%! Coa%!% o/
<ndia&
SBNONBMS
A%%ame%e Gamari
engali Gam-#ar Gamar
Engli%# Cand#ar Tree
GIra!i S#i@an
+a%#miri +a%#mari
Tamil +mi%#an +mi#an
Telg $eggmmd $eggmmadi
?rd
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
oo! O..r% in "ie.e% 7i!# %e.ondary and !er!iary -ran.#e% roo!
"ie.e% nearly .ylindri.al 7i!# ne@en %r/a.e greyi%# -ro7n /ra.!re
%ome7#a! !og# in -ar: -ri!!le and "redominan! in 7oody
"or!ion&
oo! -ar:ma!re roo! -ar: 7#en /re%# yello7i%# in .olor dry "ie.e%
.r@ed and .#annelled !#inner one% /orming %ingle ill% e!ernal
%r/a.e rgged de !o "re%en.e o/ @er!i.al .ra.:% ridge% /i%%re% and
nmero% len!i.el% /ra.!re %#or! and granlar !a%!e m.ilagino%
%7ee!i%# 7i!# %lig#! -i!!erne%%&
61
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
oo!!ran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ roo! %#o7% 45 layer% o/ .or: .ell%
%e.ondary .or!e in.lding "rimary and %e.ondary "#loem a-o! !7o
!#ird .on%i%!ing o/ 7ood .or: -ro7ni%# .ell% arranged in
!angen!ial dire.!ion and -ro:en a! "la.e% !o7ard% ""er layer% .or!e
.#ara.!eri%ed -y !#e "re%en.e o/ !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o% .ell%
7i!# %!ar.# grain% re%in d.!% "re%en! in a-ndan.e !#rog#o! .or!e
%.a!!ered %!one .ell% /i-re li:e or elonga!ed .ommon /i-re% "re%en!
o..rring mo%!ly in %ingle% .ell% o/ .or!e al%o .on!ain ro%e!!e
.ry%!al% o/ .al.im oala!e and oil glo-le% "rimary "#loem
.#ara.!eri%ed -y !#e "re%en.e o/ %ie@e !-e% 7i!# .om"anion .ell%
"#loem "aren.#yma %o/! -a%! /i-re% and ray .ell% "#loem /i-re% o..r
%ingly and %.a!!ered .or!i.al .ell% 0636 µ -y 2* µ and
-a%! /i-re% *661666 µ -y 161 µ de@elo"men! o/ .or: !a:e%
"la.e in %e.ond or !#ird layer o/ "rimary .or!e 7ood .on%i%!%
o/ %im"le "i!!ed 7ood "aren.#yma and medllary ray% 7ood .ell%
mainly .om"o%ed o/ @e%%el% and !ra.#eid% and inner 7ood .on%i%!% o/
a maIor "or!ion o/ /i-re% !oge!#er 7i!# a /e7 @e%%el% @e%%el%
nmero% and /orm almo%! a ring near !#e "eri"#ery o/ ylem
.ylinder and %ome7#a! %"are% -eing %.a!!ered in gro"% or %ingly
nearer !#e .en!ral region lmen o/ @e%%el% %ome7#a! large dimen%ion%
o/ @e%%el% 1*626 µ -y 6166 µ and !#o%e o/ !#e !ra.#eid%
13*66 µ -y *66 µ 7ood /i-re% a-ndan! and 7i!# %im"le
"i!% .am-im di%!in.! medllary ray% generally 12 .elled !#i.:
7i!# a-ndan! %!ar.# grain% .ell% o-long !o
re.!anglar&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an "er .en! A""endi 2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an 6&* "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 3 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 26 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&3&
a%a Ti:!a +aXQya
'Yrya ?XVa
'i"Q:a +aU
+arma DY"ana $Q.ana #edana Med#ya TridoXaIi! 9o!#a#ara 'iXag#na
J@ara#ara
<M$OTANT FOM?LAT<ONS DaamWlQriXUa DaamWla#arY!a:Y DaamWla
G#Z!a
DaamWla =aU"ala:a G#Z!a
THEA$E?T< ?SES J@ara TZXVQ DQ#a Ara 9o!#a
DOSE 26*6 g o/ !#e drg /or de.o.!ion
63
2& Go:%#ra (!&)
GO+=?A (oo!)
Go:Xra .on%i%!% o/ roo! o/ Tri-l% !erre%!ri% Linn& (Fam&
ygo"#ylla.eae) an
annal "ro%!ra!e #er- rarely "erennial .ommon 7eed o/ !#e "a%!re
land% road %ide% and
o!#er 7a%!e land .#ie/ly gro7ing in #o! dry and %andy region%
!#rog#o! <ndia and "!o
*666 m in +a%#mir&
SBNONBMS
engali Go:%#ra Go:#ri
Engli%# Cal!ro"% roo!
GIra!i e !#a go:#ar Nana go:#ar Mi!#ogo:#ar
Hindi Go:#r
+a%#miri Mi.#ir:and $a:#da
Malayalam NerinIil
Oriya G:#ra Go:#yra
$nIa-i #a:#ra Go:#r
Tamil NerinIil NernIil
Telg $aller@er
DES <$T<ON
a) Ma.ro%.o"i.
Drg .on%i%!% o/ roo! 315 .m long and 6&*6&3 .m in diame!er
%lender
.ylindri.al /i-ro% /reen!ly -ran.#ed -earing a nm-er o/ %mall
roo!le!% !og#
7oody and yello7 !o lig#! -ro7n in .olor %r/a.e -e.ome% rog# de !o
"re%en.e o/
%mall nodle% /ra.!re /i-ro% odor aroma!i. !a%!e %7ee!i%# and
a%!ringen!&
64
-) Mi.ro%.o"i.
Tran%@er%e %e.!ion o/ "rimary roo!% %#o7 a layer o/ e"idermi%
/ollo7ed -y 0
layer% o/ !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o% .or!e endodermi% di%!in.!
"eri.y.le en.lo%ing
diar.# %!ele in ma!re roo! .or: 04 layered .or: .am-im %ingle
layered /ollo7ed -y
410 layer% o/ !#in7alled "aren.#yma!o% .ell% 7i!# @arying nm-er o/
/i-re%
di%!ri-!ed !#rog#o! %ome %e.ondary .or!e .ell% %#o7 %e.ondary 7all
/orma!ion and
re!i.la!e !#i.:ening /i-re% /ond in gro"% re%em-ling !#o%e o/
"#loem %e.ondary
"#loem di@ided in!o !7o one% o!er one .#ara.!eri%ed -y
"re%en.e o/ nmero%
"#loem /i-re% 7i!# a /e7 %ie@e !-e% %lig#!ly .olla"%ed inner
one /reen!ly
"aren.#yma!o% de@oid o/ /i-re% o/!en %#o7ing %ie@e !-e% and
.om"anion .ell%
"#loem ray% di%!in.! /e7 .ell% ge! .on@er!ed in!o /i-re% in
o!er region .am-im *
layered 7ood .om"o%ed o/ @e%%el% !ra.#eid% "aren.#yma and /i-re%
and !ra@er%ed -y
medllary ray% @e%%el% %.a!!ered arranged in %ingle% or do-le%
!o7ard% inner %ide in
gro"% o/ !#ree !o /or on o!er %ide #a@ing -ordered "i!% !ra.#eid%
long narro7 7i!#
%im"le "i!% ylem "aren.#yma re.!anglar or %lig#!ly elonga!ed 7i!#
%im"le "i!% and
re!i.la!e !#i.:ening ylem /i-re% /e7 !ra.#ied% elonga!ed 7i!#
%im"le "i!% medllary
ray% #e!erogeno% 10 .ell% 7ide %!ar.# grain% and ro%e!!e
.ry%!al% o/ .al.im oala!e
"re%en! in %e.ondary .or!e "#loem and medllary ray% .ell% /e7
"ri%ma!i. .ry%!al% al%o
"re%en! in ylem ray .ell%&
<DENT<TB $?<TB AND STENGTH
Foreign ma!!er No! more !#an 2 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&2&
To!al A%# No! more !#an 1* "er .en! A""endi
2&2&*&
A.idin%ol-le a%# No! more !#an * "er .en! A""endi
2&2&0&
Al.o#ol%ol-le e!ra.!i@e No! le%% !#an 0 "er .en! A""endi
2&2&4&
;a!er%ol-le