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AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION OF TOLUENE WITH
METHANOL
AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION
a mixture form an azeotrope or close boiling mixture because the molecular interactions between them
a mixture of liquids that distil at isothermal condition but without change in composition are called azeotrope
azeotropic distillation method use to saparate the complex mixture (two azeotropic solvents) by entrainer.
(eg : toluene and methanol by using water or xylene as entrainer
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Benefits of water as entrainer : i)very cheap ii) environment friendly iii) easily available iv) can be easily disposed
low positive concentration of entrainer used to remove solvent which is azeotrope
Can be done continously or batch- wise
AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION
INTRODUCTION
Homogenous azeotropic distillation
alter relative volatility of two
azeotropic constituents without
inducing liquid-liquid phase saparation
Heterogenous azeotropic distillation
alter relative volatility and
inducing liquid- liquid phase saparation
TYPES OF AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
• saparation sequence cointains two column
• the first column called extractive column- breaks the azeotrope and yield the azeotropic constituents as the pure product
• the second column called entrainer recovery column-saparate the second azeotropic constituent from the entrainer which is recycled extractive column
BASED ON FIGURE 1.1
Objective of the
experiment
to investigate the various
waste stream that difficult
recovered with traditional
saparation and purification
process
to determine the displacement of
methanol and toluene azeotrope by using pervapouration or
extractive distillation
to study the vapor liquid equillibrium
(VLE) of methanol and toluene
to extablish industrial operating
conditions for the extractive distillation process of
methanol and toluene by using
water as entrainer
OBJECTIVE
PROBLEM STATEMENTthe complex mixture are not easy to saparate rather than
using the azeotropic distillation method
the relative volatility, ɑ of the mixture are too low at
whatever pressure- entrainer is introduce to
increase the relative volatility
recovering solvent which are expensive and large volume
needed for economic and enviromental benefits
THEORY Not all liquid mixtures follow Raoult’s Law Binary mixtures, which form azeotropes or close-boiling mixtures
are characterized as behaving like a pure component when submitted to a distillation process. Diagram 2.1 shows the vapor-liquid equillibrium (VLE) graph where the azeotrope occur.
Diagram 2.1 : Point F is the point where the azeotrope of mixture occurs
POINT F
THEORY• Function of entrainer: To
METHODOLOGY
Clean the 4 neck round bottom glass flask
Put into the heating mental
Connect the vertical packed column in on the glass flask
Put thermometer in the thermo well and this thermo- well insert in one ef the neck of the
glassConnect top vapour outlet in glass coiled type
condensor, connect second condensor in series, connect the coolling water in primary and chilliing water in the secondary condensor connect flask to
condensate collection oulet
GENERAL START-UP PROCEDURE
METHODOLOGYPROCEDURE FOR DISTILLATION
Charge 3500ml to 4000ml of spent solvent mixture into the 5000ml into the four necks round bottom
glass flaskSend the sample for analyzing content, moisture and
specific gravity
Apply the cooling water in primary condensor and chill water in secondary condensor
Start heating and keep the solvent under reflux for 30-60 minutes
Start collection of first fraction (toluene) from the top column, at the same time feed the water (entrainer) from the top of the column
METHODOLOGYPROCEDURE FOR DISTILLATION
After collecting toluene fraction send the sample for complete analysis by GC
Stop feeding water from the top fractionation column
Start collection of second fraction (methanol) from the top column
Keep the reflux ratio 1:3
Check the water content of methanol ( in process analysis), after collecting and saparating methanol fraction completely, stop heating and cool the remaining residue, unload residue and measure it.
METHODOLOGYEXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
METHODOLOGY