Background/Overview

by Dr. Barbara B. TillettChief, Policy and Standards Division

Library of CongressFor AMIGOS

February 4, 2011

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Overview Influences on RDA Changing environment Why not AACR3? RDA goals and structure Examples of changes US RDA Test Training materials available and

workshops being offered to help minimize costs

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Influences Anglo-American cataloging tradition Paris Principles ISBD FRBR/FRAD Internet Toronto Conference 1997 IME ICC ICP Web environment collaborations

4

Influences Panizzi – 1841 (“91 rules”)

Not just finding list/inventory Full and complete data Collocation by authors References

5

Influences – Cutter (1876-1904 eds.)

Objects:Find

author, title, subjectShow

given author, given subject, kind of literature

Assist in choice edition, literary or

topical character

IFLA’s Influence onCataloguing Codes

1961

“Paris Principles”

(influenced by Lubetzky and Verona)

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Anglo-American Tradition18

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1876

1902

1904

1906

1908

1941

1949

1967

More of IFLA’s Influence

1969 – ISBDs• International Standard Bibliographic

Description

• 2007 Consolidated

edition

8

9

1988

1998

2002

AACR21978

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FRBR IFLA’s Functional

Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

User tasks Find Identify Select Obtain

Entities, Relationships, Attributes

Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record

June 2009 Extends the FRBR

model to authority data (Still to come is FRSAD

on subject authority data)

Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD)

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International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) - 2009

Principles & Glossary20 languageshttp://www.ifla.org/en/

publications/statement-of-international-cataloguing-principles

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Internet Wide range of information carriers

• complexity of content

Catalogs are no longer end points in isolation• Global access to data

Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment• Share data beyond institutions• Metadata (bibliographic information)

Created by a wider range of personnel Within and outside libraries Element-based metadata schemas

Dublin Core, ONIX, etc.

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What’s wrong with AACR? Increasingly complex

Lack of logical structure

Mixing content and carrier data (GMDs)

Not enough support for collocation - inherent relationships missing

Anglo-American centric viewpoint

Written before FRBR

Before Internet and well-formed metadata Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN

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1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development

of AACRToronto, Canada JSC invited

worldwide experts Issues leading to

RDA

Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of

AACR Seriality Internationalization

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JSC and Project Management Team

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Marjorie Bloss, RDA project manager; Marg Stewart, CCC/ JSC chair; Alan Danskin, BL; John Attig, ALA; Barbara Tillett, LC; Deirdre Kiorgaard, ACOC; Hugh Taylor, CILIP; Nathalie Schulz, JSC secretary; Tom Delsey, editor

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AACR3AACR3

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IFLA - Principles, Conceptual models, ISBD/ISSN ONIX (Publishers) – types of content, media, carriers

Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web, W3C“Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007

RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI)

JSC Collaborations with other Metadata Communities

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Other Collaborations Law Library community

Treaties Hebraica and Religion Teams at LC

Bible proposals Mss/Archives experts at LC (Mss. Div., NUCMC,

American Folklife Center, Rare Books) DACS

Music Div and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Div., MLA AMIM2 and Ch.6 proposals for music

Prints & Photographs Division CCO

Geography and Maps Divisions at LC

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GOALS: RDA will be …

A new standard for resource description and access

Designed for the digital world• Optimized for use as an online product• Description and access of all resources

• All types of content and media

• Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)

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RDA – The Goals Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked

environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types

of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally

agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Examples – more of them, more appropriate

slide Ann Chapman, UKOLN

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RDA Structure General introduction Identifying Elements (Entities and their

attributes) Relationships

Appendices Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial articles, etc. Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc.) Relationship designators Etc.

Glossary and Index

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General Principles (ICP)• Convenience of user

• Representation

• Common usage

• Accuracy

• Sufficiency and necessity

• Significance

• Economy

• Consistency and Standardization

• Integration

• Defensible, not arbitrary

• If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution.

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Transcription – Principle of Representation in RDA

“Take what you see” as option in RDACorrection of inaccuracies elsewhereNo more abbreviating

Accept what you getFacilitating automated data capture

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Sample Changes from AACR2

Transcribed data (macros and templates)Option to keep rule of 3

e.g., “[and five others]” – no more “… et. al.”

First place of publication is “core”“Place of publication not identified” – not “s.l.”“Publisher not identified” – not “s.n.”“Date of publication not identified”

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RDA Element Analysis RDA element (domain: manifestation)

Title Title proper Parallel title Other title information Variant title Earlier variant title Later variant title Key title Abbreviated title Devised title

element element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type element sub-type

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RDA elements “Core” Media, Carrier, and Content Types to replace

GMDs Other examples of new elements:

File characteristics for digital materialsVideo format characteristicsCustodial information for archival resourcesBraille characteristics

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New Terminology from IFLA

AACR2 terms

Heading

Added Entry

Authorized heading

See references

Uniform title

RDA terms

Access point

Access point

Authorized access point

Variant access point

Preferred title

Name of the work (to include name of creator when applicable)

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Database/format ScenariosBib record (flat-file)

Lee, T. B.

Cataloguing has a future

Spoken word.

1 sound disc

1. Metadata

Donated by the author.

Bas

ed o

n G

ord

on D

unsi

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sl

ide

Z666.7.L552009

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Database/format ScenariosBib record (flat-file)

100 01 $a Lee, T. B.

245 00 $a Cataloguing has a future

500 $a Spoken word.300 $a 1 sound disc

650 0 $a Metadata561 1 $a Donated by the author.

Bas

ed o

n G

ord

on D

unsi

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sl

ide

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Database/format ScenariosBib record (flat-file)

Author:

Title:

Content type:

Carrier type:

Provenance:

Subject:

Lee, T. B.

Cataloguing has a future

Spoken word

Audio disc

Metadata

Donated by the author

Name authority record

Name:

Subject authority record

Identifier: …

Label:

Identifier: …

Bib record (description)

Item information

Manifestation information

Expression information

Work informationFRBR record

RDA content type registry

Label:

Identifier: …

Spoken word

RDA element registry

RDA carrier type registry

Future record

ONIX

FRBR registry (IFLA)

Bas

ed o

n G

ord

on D

unsi

re’s

sl

ide

Work title: Cataloguing has a future

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Author:

Title:

Content type:

Carrier type:

Provenance:

Subject:Lee, T. B.

Cataloguing has a future

Audio disc

Metadata

Donated by the author

Name authority record

Name:

Subject authority record

Identifier: …

Label:

Identifier: …

Item information

Manifestation information

Expression information

Work information

RDA content type registry

Label:

Identifier: …

Spoken wordRDA carrier type registry

Linked Data

Work Title: Cataloguing has a futureCataloguing has a future

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Author:

Title:

Content type:

Carrier type:

Provenance:

Subject:Lee, T. B.

Cataloguing has a future

Audio disc

Metadata

Donated by the author

Name authority record

Name:

Subject authority record

Identifier: …

Label:

Identifier: …

Item information

Manifestation information

Expression information

Work information

RDA content type registry

Label:

Identifier: …

Spoken word

RDA carrier type registry

Package for Data Sharing

Lee, T. B.

Metadata

Spoken word

Audio disc

Work Title: Cataloguing has a futureCataloguing has a future

Communication format record

3636

Author:

Title:

Content type:

Carrier type:Cataloguing has a future

Package for displaysFuture display

Lee, T. B.

Spoken word

(Audio disc)

( )

Internet “Cloud”

Web frontend

ServicesVIAF

Databases, Repositories

LCSH

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http://www.rda-jsc.org/

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U.S. RDA Test Timeline

June 2010 ALA released RDA Toolkit June-Aug.31 ALA allowed free

access to RDA Toolkit to everyone who registered

June-Sept. 30 U.S. testers were training and had time to practice

Oct. 1-Dec. 31 U.S. test of RDA Jan.-Mar. 2011 analysis of test

results and decisions by U.S. national libraries (expected by June 2011)

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Preparing to use RDA MARC 21 format adjustments in local ILS Local decisions on RDA alternatives/ options Local decision on which elements to include

beyond the RDA Core elements Templates and macros set up for standard

data Practice time and discussions after basic

training

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Results of the Test Surveys for cataloger’s experience and

costs Feedback on user reaction to records built

on RDA instructionsTo help inform future adjustments to RDATo help improve the IFLA models and principles

Test recordshttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/rdatestrecords.html

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Summary User-oriented models (FRBR/FRAD)

Collocate works/expressions Identify resources through specific

elements (attributes) and relationships Internationalization

Cost reduction through increased sharing of data

Across information communities

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Summary Principle-based rules (ICP)

Cataloger’s judgment (User-focused)Take what you see for transcribed data

(Representation) Add controlled vocabularies for

precision of searching Facilitate harvesting and sharing of

descriptive metadataLess rigid, more flexible

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Thank you!

Acronyms and Links DC – Dublin Core

• DCMI – Dublin Core Metadata Initiativehttp://dublincore.org/

• DCAM – Dublin Core Abstract Modelhttp://dublincore.org/documents/2007/04/02/abstract-model/

FRAD – Functional Requirements for Authority Datahttp://www.ifla.org/VII/d4/wg-franar.htm

FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (this site includes a Webliography)

http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.htm

IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

http://www.infla.org JSC – Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA

http://www.rda-jsc.org/ RDA – Resource Description and Access

http://www.rda-jsc.org/rda.html 45

Other Help

ALA Publishing URL for RDA Toolkit: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/

RDA Toolkit demo: http://www.rdatoolkit.org/training/guidedtour

US RDA Test, General information: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/

Library of Congress Documentation for the RDA Test (training materials and decisions for test on RDA options): http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/rdatest.html

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