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Class 9 NCERT Exemplar Solutions Mathematics
Chapter 7 Triangles (B) Multiple Choice Questions
Exercise 7.1 In each of the following, write the correct answer:
Q.1) Which of the following is not a criterion for congruence of triangles? (A) SAS (B) ASA (C) SSA (D) SSS
Sol.1) (c) We know that, two triangles are congruent, if the sides and angles of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides and angles of the other triangle. Also, criterion for congruence of triangles are SAS (Side-Angle-Side), ASA (Angle-Side- Angle), SSS (Side-Side-Side) and RHS (right angle-hypotenuse-side). So, SSA is not a criterion for congruence of triangles.
Q.2) If π΄π΅ = ππ , π΅πΆ = ππ and πΆπ΄ = ππ, then (a) π₯π΄π΅πΆ β π₯ππ π (b) π₯πΆπ΅π΄ β π₯ππ π (c) π₯π΅π΄πΆ β π₯π ππ (d) π₯πππ β π₯π΅πΆπ΄
Sol.2) (b) We know that, if π₯π ππ is congruent to π₯πππ i.e., π₯π ππ = π₯πππ, then sides of π₯π ππ fall on corresponding equal sides of π₯πππ and angles of π₯π ππ fall on corresponding equal angles of π₯πππ. Here, given π΄π΅ = ππ , π΅πΆ = ππ and πΆπ΄ = ππ, which shows that π΄π΅ covers QR, BC covers ππ and πΆπ΄ covers ππ i.e., π΄ correspond to π, π΅ correspond to R and C correspond to P. or π΄ β π, π΅ β π , πΆ β π Under this correspondence, π₯π΄π΅πΆ β π₯ππ π, so option (a) is incorrect, or π₯π΅π΄πΆ β π₯π ππ, so option (c) is incorrect, or π₯πΆπ΅π΄ β π₯ππ π, so option (b) is correct, or π₯π΅πΆπ΄ β π₯π ππ, so option (d) is incorrect.
Q.3) In β Aπ΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and β π΅ = 50Β°. Then β πΆ is equal to (A) 40Β° (B) 50Β° (C) 80Β° (D) 130Β°
Sol.3) (b) Given, βπ΄π΅πΆ such that π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and β B = 50Β°
In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ β C = β B β C = 50Β°
Q.4) In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΅πΆ = π΄π΅ and β π΅ = 80Β°. Then β A is equal to (A) 80Β° (B) 40Β° (C) 50Β° (D) 100Β°
Sol.4) (c) Given, βπ΄π΅πΆ such that π΅πΆ = π΄π΅ and β B = 80Β° In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΅πΆ β C = β A The sum of all angles of a triangle is 180Β°
β΄ β A + β B + β C = 180Β° β A + 80Β° + β A = 180Β°
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2β A = 180Β° β 80Β° = 100Β°
β A =100Β°
2
β A = 50Β° Q.5) In βπππ , β π = β π and ππ = 4 ππ and ππ = 5 ππ. Then the length of ππ is
(A) 4 cm (B) 5 cm (C) 2 cm (D) 2.5 cm
Sol.5) (A) Given, βπππ such that β R = β P, QR = 4cm and ππ = 5ππ
In βπππ , β R = β P ππ = ππ ππ = 4ππ Hence, the length of PWQ is 4cm.
Q.6) D is a point on the side BC of a βπ΄π΅πΆ such that AD bisects β π΅π΄πΆ. Then (A) π΅π· = πΆπ· (B) π΅π΄ > π΅π· (C) BD > BA (D) πΆπ· > πΆπ΄
Sol.6) (b) Given, βπ΄π΅πΆ such that AD bisects β BAC β BAD = β CAD
In βπ΄πΆπ·, β BDA is an exterior angle β BDA > β CAD β BDA > β BAD π΅π΄ > π΅π·
Q.7) It is given that βπ΄π΅πΆ β βπΉπ·πΈ and π΄π΅ = 5 ππ, β π΅ = 40Β° and β π΄ = 80Β°. Then which of the following is true? (A) π·πΉ = 5 ππ, β πΉ = 60Β° (B) π·πΉ = 5 ππ, β πΈ = 60Β° (C) π·πΈ = 5 ππ, β πΈ = 60Β° (D) π·πΈ = 5 ππ, β π· = 40Β°
Sol.7) (b) Given, βπ΄π΅πΆ β βπΉπ·πΈ and π΄π΅ = 5ππ, β B = 40Β°, β A = 80Β° Since, βπΉπ·πΈ β βπ΄π΅πΆ π·πΉ = π΄π΅ π·πΉ = 5ππ & β E = β C
β E = β C = 180Β° β (β A + β B)
β E = 180Β° β (80Β° + 40Β°)
β E = 60Β° Q.8) Two sides of a triangle are of lengths 5 cm and 1.5 cm. The length of the third side of the
triangle cannot be (A) 3.6 cm (B) 4.1 cm (C) 3.8 cm (D) 3.4 cm
Sol.8) (d) Given, the length of two sides of a triangle are 5 ππ and 1.5 ππ, respectively. Let sides π΄π΅ = 5 ππ and πΆπ΄ = 1.5 ππ We know that, a closed figure formed by three intersecting lines (or sides) is called a triangle, if difference of two sides < third side and sum of two sides > third side β΄ 5 β 1.5 < π΅πΆ and 5 + 1.5 > π΅πΆ β 3.5 < π΅πΆ and 6.5 > π΅πΆ
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Here, we see that options (a), (b) and (c) satisfy the above inequality but option (d) does not satisfy the above inequality.
Q.9) In βπππ , if β π > β π, then (A) ππ > ππ (B) ππ > ππ (C) ππ < ππ (D) ππ < ππ
Sol.9) (b) Given, β R > β Q ππ > ππ
Q.10) In triangles π΄π΅πΆ and πππ , π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ, β πΆ = β π πππ β π΅ = β π. The two triangles are
(A) isosceles but not congruent (B) isosceles and congruent (C) congruent but not isosceles (D) neither congruent nor isosceles
Sol.10) (a) In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ β C = β B So, βπ΄π΅πΆ is an isosceles triangle. But given that, β B = β Q β C = β P β P = β Q ππ = ππ So, βπππ is also an isosceles triangle. Therefore, both triangles are isosceles but not congruent. As we know that, AAA is not a criterion for congruence of triangles.
Q.11) In triangles βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπ·πΈπΉ, π΄π΅ = πΉπ· and β π΄ = β π·. The two triangles will be congruent by SAS axiom if (A) π΅πΆ = πΈπΉ (B) π΄πΆ = π·πΈ (C) π΄πΆ = πΈπΉ (D) π΅πΆ = π·πΈ
Sol.11) (b) Given, in π₯π΄π΅πΆ and π₯π·πΈπΉ, π΄π΅ = π·πΉ and β π΄ = β π· We know that, two triangles will be congruent by π΄ππ΄ rule, if two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to the two angles and the included side of other triangle. β΄ π΄πΆ = π·πΈ
(C) Short Answer Questions with Reasoning Exercise 7.2
Q.1) In triangles βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπππ , β π΄ = β π and β π΅ = β π . Which side of βπππ should be equal to side π΄π΅ of βπ΄π΅πΆ so that the two triangles are congruent? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.1) We have given, in π₯π΄π΅πΆ and π₯πππ , β π΄ = β π and β π΅ = β π Since, AB and QR are included between equal angles.
Hence, the side of π₯πππ is QR which should be equal to side π΄π΅ of π₯π΄π΅πΆ, so that the triangles are congruent by the rule ASA.
Q.2) In triangles βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπππ , β A = β π πππ β B = β π . Which side of βπππ should be equal to side BC of βπ΄π΅πΆ so that the two triangles are congruent? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.2) Given, In βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπππ , β π΄ = β π and β π΅ = β π
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Since, two pairs of angles are equal in two triangles. We know that, two triangles will be congruent by AAS rule, if two angles and the side of one triangle are equal to the two angles and the side of other triangle. β΄ π΅πΆ = π π
Q.3) βIf two sides and an angle of one triangle are equal to two sides and an angle of another triangle, then the two triangles must be congruent.β Is the statement true? Why?
Sol.3) No, because in the congruent rule, the two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to the two sides and the included angle of the other triangle i.e., SAS rule.
Q.4) βIf two angles and a side of one triangle are equal to two angles and a side of another triangle, then the two triangles must be congruent.β Is the statement true? Why?
Sol.4) No, because sides must be corresponding sides.
Q.5) Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 4 ππ, 3 ππ and 7 ππ? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.5) No, it is not possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 4 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm because here we see that sum of the lengths of two sides is equal to third side i.e., 4+3 = 7. As we know that, the sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than its third side, so given statement is not correct.
Q.6) It is given that βπ΄π΅πΆ β βπ ππ. Is it true to say that π΅πΆ = ππ ? Why?
Sol.6) No, we know that two triangles are congruent, if the sides and angles of one triangle are equal to the corresponding side and angles of other triangle. Here π₯π΄π΅πΆ β π₯π ππ π΄π΅ = π π, π΅πΆ = ππ and π΄πΆ = π π Hence, it is not true to say that π΅πΆ = ππ .
Q.7) If βπππ β βπΈπ·πΉ, then is it true to say that ππ = πΈπΉ? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.7) Yes, if π₯πππ β π₯πΈπ·πΉ, then it means that corresponding angles and their sides are equal because we know that, two triangles are congruent, if the sides and angles of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides and angles of other triangle. Here, π₯πππ β π₯πΈπ·πΉ β΄ ππ = πΈπ·, ππ = π·πΉ and ππ = πΈπΉ Hence, it is true to say that ππ = πΈπΉ.
Q.8) In βπππ , β π = 70Β°and β π = 30Β° Which side of this triangle is the longest? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.8) Given, in π₯πππ , β π = 70Β° and β π = 30Β°. We know that, sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180Β°. β π + β π + β π = 180Β°
β π = 180Β° β (70Β° + 30Β°)
β π = 80Β° We know that here β π is longest, so side ππ is longest. [β΄ since in a triangle, the side opposite to the largest angle is the longest]
Q.9) AD is a median of the triangle βπ΄π΅πΆ. Is it true that π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ΄ > 2 π΄π·? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.9) Yes, In βπ΄π΅π·, we have π΄π΅ + π΅π· > π΄π· β¦(i)
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In βπ΄πΆπ·, we have π΄πΆ + πΆπ· > π΄π· β¦(ii) On adding eq. (i) & (ii), we get (π΄π΅ + π΅π· + π΄πΆ + πΆπ·) > 2π΄π· (π΄π΅ + π΅π· + πΆπ· + π΄πΆ) > 2π΄π· Hence, π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + π΄πΆ > 2π΄π· [π΅πΆ = π΅π· + πΆπ·]
Q.10) π is a point on side π΅πΆ of a triangle βπ΄π΅πΆ such that AM is the bisector of β π΅π΄πΆ. Is it true to say that perimeter of the triangle is greater than 2 π΄π? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.10) Yes, In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π is a point of π΅πΆ such that π΄π is the bisector of β π΅π΄πΆ. In βπ΄π΅π, π΄π΅ + π΅π > π΄π β¦(i) In βπ΄πΆπ, π΄πΆ + πΆπ > π΄π β¦(ii)
On adding eq. (i) & (ii), we get (π΄π΅ + π΅π + π΄πΆ + πΆπ) > 2π΄π (π΄π΅ + π΅π + ππΆ + π΄πΆ) > 2π΄π π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + π΄πΆ > 2π΄π Perimeter of βπ΄π΅πΆ > 2π΄π
Q.11) Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 9 ππ, 7 ππ and 17 ππ? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.11) No, Here, we see that 9 + 7 = 16 < 17 i.e., the sum of two sides of a triangle is less than the third side. Hence, it contradicts the property that the sum of two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side. Therefore, it is not possible to construct a triangle with given sides.
Q.12) Is it possible to construct a triangle with lengths of its sides as 8 ππ, 7 ππ and 4 ππ? Give reason for your answer.
Sol.12) Yes, because in each case the sum of two sides is greater than the third side. i.e., 7 + 4 > 8, 8 + 4 > 7, 7 + 8 > 4 Hence, it is possible to construct a triangle with given sides.
(D) Short Answer Questions Exercise 7.3
Q.1) π΄π΅πΆ is an isosceles triangle with π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and π΅π· and πΆπΈ are its two medians. Show that π΅π· = πΆπΈ.
Sol.1) Given π₯π΄π΅πΆ is an isosceles triangle in which π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and π΅π·, πΆπΈ are its two medians. To show π΅π· = πΆπΈ. Proof: In βπ΄π΅π· and βπ΄πΆπΈ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ [given] β π΄ = β π΄ [common angle] & π΄π· = π΄πΈ π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ
1
2π΄π΅ =
1
2π΄πΆ
π΄πΈ = π΄π· As π· is the mid-point of π΄πΆ and πΈ is the mid-point of π΄π΅. βπ΄π΅π· β βπ΄πΆπΈ [by SAS congruence rule]
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π΅π· = πΆπΈ [by CPCT]
Q.2) In Fig.7.4, π· and πΈ are points on side BC of a βπ΄π΅πΆ such that π΅π· = πΆπΈ and π΄π· = π΄πΈ. Show that βπ΄π΅π· β βπ΄πΆπΈ.
Sol.2) Given, π· and πΈ are the points on side π΅πΆ of a βπ΄π΅πΆ such that π΅π· = πΆπΈ and π΄π· = π΄πΈ
To show: βπ΄π΅π· β βπ΄πΆπΈ Proof: We have, π΄π· = π΄πΈ [given] β π΄π·πΈ = β π΄πΈπ· β¦ (i)
We have, β π΄π·π΅ + β π΄π·πΈ = 180Β° [linear pair axiom]
β π΄π·π΅ = 180Β° β β π΄π·πΈ = 180Β° β β π΄πΈπ· [from eq. (i)] In βπ΄π΅π· and βπ΄πΆπΈ, β π΄π·π΅ = β π΄πΈπΆ π΅π· = πΆπΈ [given] & π΄π· = π΄πΈ [given] βπ΄π΅π· β βπ΄πΆπΈ [by SAS congruence rule]
Q.3) βπΆπ·πΈ is an equilateral triangle formed on a side πΆπ· of a square π΄π΅πΆπ· (Fig.7.5). Show that βπ΄π·πΈ β βπ΅πΆπΈ.
Sol.3) Given, In figure βπΆπ·πΈ is an equilateral triangle formed on a side πΆπ· of a square π΄π΅πΆπ·.
To show βπ΄π·πΈ β βπ΅πΆπΈ Proof In βπ΄π·πΈ and βπ΅πΆπΈ π·πΈ = πΆπΈ [sides of an equilateral triangles] β π΄π·πΈ = β π΅πΆπΈ & π΄π· = π΅πΆ [sides of a square] βπ΄π·πΈ β βπ΅πΆπΈ [by SAS congruence rule]
Q.4) In Fig.7.6, π΅π΄ β₯ π΄πΆ, π·πΈ β₯ π·πΉ such that π΅π΄ = π·πΈ and π΅πΉ = πΈπΆ. Show that βπ΄π΅πΆ β βπ·πΈπΉ.
Sol.4) Given, In figure, π΅π΄ β₯ π΄πΆ, π·πΈ β₯ π·πΉ such that π΅π΄ = π·πΈ and π΅πΉ = πΈπΆ
To show βπ΄π΅πΆ β βπ·πΈπΉ Proof Since, π΅πΉ = πΈπΆ On adding πΆπΉ both sides, we get π΅πΉ + πΆπΉ = πΈπΆ + πΆπΉ π΅πΆ = πΈπΉ β¦ (i)
In βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπ·πΈπΉ, β π΄ = β π· = 90Β°
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π΅πΆ = πΈπΉ from eq. (i) & π΅π΄ = π·πΈ [given] βπ΄π΅πΆ β βπ·πΈπΉ [by RHS congruence rule]
Q.5) Q is a point on the side SR of a βπππ such that ππ = ππ . Prove that ππ > ππ.
Sol.5) Given, In βπππ , π is a point on the side ππ such that ππ = ππ To prove ππ > ππ Proof In βππ π, ππ = ππ [given] β π = β πππ β¦(i) But β πππ > β π β¦(ii) From eqs. (i) & (ii), we get β π > β π ππ > ππ [side opposite to greater angle is longer] ππ > ππ [ππ = ππ ]
Q.6) S is any point on side QR of a βπππ . Show that: ππ + ππ + π π > 2 ππ.
Sol.6) Given, In βπππ , π is any point on side ππ . To show In βπππ, ππ + ππ > ππ β¦ (i) Similarly, in βππ π, ππ + π π > ππ β¦ (ii) On adding eq. (i) & (ii), we get ππ + ππ + ππ + π π > 2ππ ππ + (ππ + ππ ) + π π > 2ππ ππ + ππ + π π > 2ππ
Q.7) π· is any point on side π΄πΆ of a βπ΄π΅πΆ with π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ. Show that πΆπ· < π΅π·.
Sol.7) Given, In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π· is any point on side π΄πΆ such that π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ. To show πΆπ· < π΅π· or π΅π· > πΆπ· Proof In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄πΆ = π΄π΅ [given] β π΄π΅πΆ = β π΄πΆπ΅ β¦ (i) In βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπ·π΅πΆ, β π΄π΅πΆ > β π·π΅πΆ β π΄πΆπ΅ > β π·π΅πΆ from eq. (i) π΅π· > πΆπ· [side opposite to greater angle is longer] πΆπ· < π΅π·
Q.8) In Fig. 7.7, π || π and π is the mid-point of a line segment π΄π΅. Show that π is also the mid-point of any line segment πΆπ·, having its end points on π and π, respectively.
Sol.8) Given, In the figure, π || π and π is the mid point of a line segment π΄π΅ i.e., π΄π = π΅π
To show ππΆ = ππ· Proof: π || π [given] β π΅π΄πΆ = β π΄π΅π· [alternate interior angle] β π΄ππΆ = β π΅ππ· [vertically opposite angle] In βπ΄ππΆ and βπ΅ππ·, β π΅π΄πΆ = β π΄π΅π· [proved above] π΄π = π΅π [given]
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& β π΄ππΆ = β π΅ππ· [proved above] βπ΄ππΆ β βπ΅ππ· [by ASA congruence rule] ππΆ = ππ· [by CPCT]
Q.9) Bisectors of the angles B and C of an isosceles triangle with π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ intersect each other at π. π΅π is produced to a point π. Prove that β πππΆ = β π΄π΅πΆ.
Sol.9) Given, Lines, ππ΅ and ππΆ are the angles bisectors of β π΅ and β πΆ of an isosceles βπ΄π΅πΆ such that π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ which intersect each otherat π and π΅π is produced to π. To prove β πππΆ = β π΄π΅πΆ Proof In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ [given] β π΄πΆπ΅ = β π΄π΅πΆ [angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
1
2β π΄πΆπ΅ =
1
2β π΄π΅πΆ [dividing both sides 2]
β ππΆπ΅ = β ππ΅πΆ β¦ (i) Now, β πππΆ = β ππ΅πΆ + β ππΆπ΅ β πππΆ = β ππ΅πΆ + β ππ΅πΆ from eq. (i) β πππΆ = 2β ππ΅πΆ [since ππ΅ is the bisector of β π΅] β πππΆ = β π΄π΅πΆ Hence proved.
Q.10) Bisectors of the angles π΅ and πΆ of an isosceles βπ΄π΅πΆ with π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ intersect each other at π. Show that external angle adjacent to β π΄π΅πΆ is equal to β π΅ππΆ.
Sol.10) Given, βπ΄π΅πΆ is an isosceles triangle in which π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ, π΅π and πΆπ are the bisectors of β π΄π΅πΆ and β π΄πΆπ΅ respectively at π. To show β π·π΅π΄ = β π΅ππΆ Construction Line πΆπ΅ produced to D Proof In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ [given] β π΄πΆπ΅ = β π΄π΅πΆ
1
2β π΄πΆπ΅ =
1
2β π΄π΅πΆ [on dividing both sides by 2]
β ππΆπ΅ = β ππ΅πΆ β¦ (i)
In βπ΅ππΆ, β ππ΅πΆ + β ππΆπ΅ + β π΅ππΆ = 180Β° by angle sum property of a triangle
β ππ΅πΆ + β ππ΅πΆ + β π΅ππΆ = 180Β° from eq. (i)
2β ππ΅πΆ + β π΅ππΆ = 180Β° β π΄π΅πΆ + β π΅ππΆ = 180Β° [BO is the bisector of β π΄π΅πΆ]
180Β° β β π·π΅π΄ + β π΅ππΆ = 180Β° [DBC is a straight line] ββ π·π΅π΄ + β π΅ππΆ = 0 β π·π΅π΄ = β π΅ππΆ
Q.11) In Fig. 7.8, π΄π· is the bisector of β π΅π΄πΆ. Prove that π΄π΅ > π΅π·.
Sol.11) Given, π΄π΅πΆ is a triangle such that π΄π· is the bisector of β π΅π΄πΆ.
To prove π΄π΅ > π΅π·. Proof Since, AD is the bisector of β π΅π΄πΆ. But β π΅π΄π· = β πΆπ΄π· β¦(i) β΄ β π΄π·π΅ > β πΆπ΄π· [exterior angle of a triangle is greater than each of the opposite interior angle] β΄ β π΄π·π΅ > β π΅π΄π· [from Eq. (i)]
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π΄π΅ > π΅π· [side opposite to greater angle is longer] Hence proved.
(E) Long Answer Questions Exercise 7.4
Q.1) Find all the angles of an equilateral triangle.
Sol.1) Let π΄π΅πΆ ne an equilateral triangle such that π΄π΅ = π΅πΆ = πΆπ΄ We have, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ β πΆ = β π΅ Let β πΆ = β π΅ = π₯Β° β¦ (i) Now, π΅πΆ = π΅π΄ β π΄ = β πΆ β¦ (ii) From eq. (i) & (ii), we get β π΄ = β π΅ = β πΆ = π₯ Now, in βπ΄π΅πΆ, β π΄ + β π΅ + β πΆ = 180Β° [by angle sum property]
π₯ + π₯ + π₯ = 180Β° 3π₯ = 180Β°
π₯ =180Β°
3= 60Β°
Hence, β π΄ = β π΅ = β πΆ = 60Β°
Q.2) The image of an object placed at a point π΄ before a plane mirror πΏπ is seen at the point B by an observer at D as shown in Fig. 7.12. Prove that the image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror. [Hint: CN is normal to the mirror. Also, angle of incidence = angle of reflection]
Sol.2) Given, An object ππ΄ placed at a point π΄, πΏπ be a plane mirror, π· be an observer and
ππ΅ is the image. To prove The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in the front of the mirror i.e., ππ΅ = ππ΄. Proof πΆπ β₯ LM and π΄π΅ β₯ LM π΄π΅|| πΆπ β π΄ = β π β¦(i) [alternate interior angles] β π΅ = β π β¦(ii) [corresponding angles] Also, β π = β π β¦(iii) [incident angle = reflected angle] From eqs. (i), (ii) & (iii), we get β π΄ = β π΅ In βπΆππ΅ and βπΆππ΄, β π΅ = β π΄ [proved above] β 1 = β 2 [each 90 degree] & πΆπ = πΆπ [common side] βπΆππ΅ β βπΆππ΄ [by AAS congruence rule] ππ΅ = ππ΄ [by CPCT] Hence proved.
Q.3) ABC is an isosceles triangle with π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and D is a point on BC such that π΄π· β₯ π΅πΆ (Fig. 7.13). To prove that β π΅π΄π· = β πΆπ΄π·, a student proceeded as follows: In β π΄π΅π· and β π΄πΆπ·, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ (Given) β π΅ = β πΆ (because π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ)
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and β π΄π·π΅ = β π΄π·πΆ Therefore, β π΄π΅π· β β π΄πΆπ· (AAS) So, β π΅π΄π· = β πΆπ΄π· (CPCT) What is the defect in the above arguments? [Hint: Recall how β π΅ = β πΆ is proved when π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ].
Sol.3) In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ β π΄πΆπ΅ = β π΄π΅πΆ In βπ΄π΅π· and βπ΄πΆπ·, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ [given] β π΄π΅π· = β π΄πΆπ· [proved above] β π΄π·π΅ = β π΄π·πΆ [each 90 degree] βπ΄π΅π· β βπ΄πΆπ· [by AAS] So, β π΅π΄π· = β πΆπ΄π· [by CPCT] So, the defect in the given argument is that firstly proof β π΄π΅π· = β π΄πΆπ· Hence, β π΄π΅π· = β π΄πΆπ· is defect.
Q.4) π is a point on the bisector of β π΄π΅πΆ. If the line through π, parallel to π΅π΄ meet π΅πΆ at Q, prove that π΅ππ is an isosceles triangle.
Sol.4) Given we have P is a point on the bisector of β π΄π΅πΆ and draw the line through P parallel to π΅π΄ and meet π΅πΆ at Q. To prove: βπ΅ππ is an isosceles triangle. Proof β 1 = β 2 [π΅π is bisector of β π΅] [given] Now, β 1 = β 3 [alternate interior angles] β 2 = β 3
ππ = π΅π [sides opposite to equal angle are equal] Hence, βπ΅ππ is an isosceles triangle. Hence proved.
Q.5) π΄π΅πΆπ· is a quadrilateral in which π΄π΅ = π΅πΆ and π΄π· = πΆπ·. Show that BD bisects both the angles π΄π΅πΆ and π΄π·πΆ.
Sol.5) Given π΄π΅πΆπ· is a quadrilateral in which π΄π΅ = π΅πΆ and π΄π· = πΆπ· To show π΅π· bisects both the angles, π΄π΅πΆ and π΄π·πΆ Proof Since, π΄π΅ = π΅πΆ [given] β 2 = β 1 β¦ (i) π΄π· = πΆπ· [given] β 4 = β 3 β¦(ii) On adding eqs. (i) & (ii), we get β 2 + β 4 = β 1 + β 3 β π΅πΆπ· = β π΅π΄π· β¦ (iii) In βπ΅π΄π· and βπ΅πΆπ·, π΄π΅ = π΅πΆ β π΅π΄π· = β π΅πΆπ· & π΄π· = πΆπ· βπ΅π΄π· β βπ΅πΆπ· Hence, β π΄π΅π· = β πΆπ΅π· and β π΄π·π΅ = β πΆπ·π΅ i.e., π΅π· bisects the angles π΄π΅πΆ and π΄π·πΆ.
Q.6) π΄π΅πΆ is a right triangle with π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ. Bisector of β π΄ meets BC at D. Prove that π΅πΆ =2π΄π·.
Sol.6) Given βπ΄π΅πΆ is a right triangle with π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ, π΄π· is the bisector of β π΄.
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To prove π΅πΆ = 2π΄π· Proof In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ [given] β πΆ = β π΅ β¦ (i)
Now, in right angled βπ΄π΅πΆ, β π΄ + β π΅ + β πΆ = 180Β° [angle sum property]
90Β° + β π΅ + β π΅ = 180Β° [from eq. (i)]
2β π΅ = 90Β° β π΅ = 45Β° β π΅ = β πΆ = 45Β° β 3 = β 4 = 45Β° β 1 = β 2 = 45Β° [π΄π· is bisector of β π΄] β 1 = β 3, β 2 = β 4 π΅π· = π΄π·, π·πΆ = π΄π· β¦(ii) Hence, π΅πΆ = π΅π· + πΆπ· = π΄π· + π΄π· from eq. (ii) π΅πΆ = 2π΄π· Hence proved
Q.7) π is a point in the interior of a square π΄π΅πΆπ· such that βππ΄π΅ is an equilateral triangle. Show that β ππΆπ· is an isosceles triangle.
Sol.7) Given, π is a point in the interior of a square π΄π΅πΆπ· such that βππ΄π΅ is an equilateral triangle. Construction Join ππΆ and ππ· To show βππΆπ· is an isosceles triangle Proof Since, π΄ππ΅ is an equilateral triangle
β OAB = β OBA = 60Β° β¦.(i)
Also, β DAB = β CBA = 90Β° β¦ (ii) [each angle of a square is 90Β°] On subtracting eq. (i) from (ii), we get
β DAB β β OAB = β CBA β β OBA = 90Β° β 60Β° i.e., β π·π΄π = β πΆπ΅π = 30Β° in βπ΄ππ· and βπ΅ππΆ, π΄π = π΅π [given] β π·π΄π = β πΆπ΅π [proved above] and π΄π· = π΅πΆ [sides of a square are equal] βπ΄ππ· β βπ΅ππΆ [by SAS congruence rule] Hence, ππ· = ππΆ [by CPCT] In βπΆππ·, ππΆ = ππ· Hence, βπΆππ· is an isosceles triangle.
Q.8) βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπ·π΅πΆ are two triangles on the same base π΅πΆ such that π΄ and π· lie on the opposite sides of π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and π·π΅ = π·πΆ. πhow that π΄π· is the perpendicular bisector of π΅πΆ.
Sol.8) Given Two triangles βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπ·π΅πΆ on the same base π΅πΆ such that π΄ and π· lie on the opposite sides of π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and π·π΅ = π·πΆ. Also, π΄π· intersects BC at O. To show π¨π« is the perpendicular bisector of π΅πΆ. Proof In βπ΄π΅π· and βπ΄πΆπ·, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ [given] π΄π· = π΄π· [common side] & π΅π = π·πΆ [given] βπ΄π΅π· β βπ΄πΆπ· β π΅π΄π· = β πΆπ΄π· β π΅π΄π = β πΆπ΄π In βπ΄ππ΅ and βπ΄ππΆ,
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π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ [given] π΄π = ππ΄ [common side] & β π΅π΄π = β πΆπ΄π [proved above] βπ΄ππ΅ β βπ΄ππΆ [by SAS congruence rule] π΅π = ππΆ & β π΄ππ΅ = β π΄ππΆ [by CPCT] β¦(i)
But β π΄ππ΅ + β π΄ππΆ = 180Β° [linear pair axiom]
β π΄ππ΅ + β π΄ππ΅ = 180Β° [from eq. (i)]
2β π΄ππ΅ = 180Β°
β π΄ππ΅ =180Β°
2= 90Β°
Hence, π΄π· β₯ BC and π΄π· bisects π΅πΆ, i.e., π΄π· is the perpendicular bisector of π΅πΆ.
Q.9) π΄π΅πΆ is an isosceles triangle in which π΄πΆ = π΅πΆ. π΄π· and π΅πΈ are respectively two altitudes to sides π΅πΆ and π΄πΆ. Prove that π΄πΈ = π΅π·.
Sol.9) Given βπ΄π΅πΆ is an isosceles triangle in which π΄πΆ = π΅πΆ. Also, π΄π· and π΅πΈ are two altitudes to sides π΅πΆ and π΄πΆ, respectively. To prove π΄πΈ = π΅π· Proof In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄πΆ = π΅πΆ β π΄π΅πΆ = β πΆπ΄π΅ i.e., β π΄π΅π· = β πΈπ΄π΅ β¦ (i) In βπ΄πΈπ΅ and βπ΅π·π΄,
β π΄πΈπ΅ = β π΄π·π΅ = 90Β° β πΈπ΄π΅ = β π΄π΅π· [from eq. (i)] & π΄π΅ = π΄π΅ [common side] βπ΄πΈπ΅ β βπ΅π·π΄ [by AAS congruence rule] π΄πΈ = π΅π· [by CPCT] Hence proved
Q.10) Prove that sum of any two sides of a triangle is greater than twice the median with respect to the third side.
Sol.10) Given In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π· is a median Construction Produce π΄π· to a point πΈ such that π΄π· = π·πΈ and join πΆπΈ. To prove π΄πΆ + π΄π΅ > 2π΄π· Proof In βπ΄π΅π· and βπΈπΆπ·, π΄π· = π·πΈ [by construction] π΅π· = πΆπ· [given AD is the median] & β π΄π·π΅ = β πΆπ·πΈ [vertically opposite angle] βπ΄π΅π· β βπΈπΆπ· [by SAS congruence rule] π΄π΅ = πΆπΈ β¦ (i) [by CPCT] Now, in βπ΄πΈπΆ, π΄πΆ + πΈπΆ > π΄πΈ [sum of 2 sides of a triangle is greater than the third side] π΄πΆ + π΄π΅ > 2π΄π· [from eq. (i) & also taken that π΄π· = π·πΈ] Hence proved.
Q.11) Show that in a quadrilateral π΄π΅πΆπ·, π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ < 2 (π΅π· + π΄πΆ).
Sol.11) Given π΄π΅πΆπ· is a quadrilateral To show π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ < 2(π΅π· + π΄πΆ) Construction Join diagonals π΄πΆ and π΅π·. Proof In βππ΄π΅, ππ΄ + ππ΅ > π΄π΅ β¦ (i) In βππ΅πΆ, ππ΅ + ππΆ > π΅πΆ β¦ (ii) In βππΆπ·, ππΆ + ππ· > πΆπ· β¦ (iii)
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In βππ·π΄, ππ· + ππ΄ > π·π΄ β¦ (iv) On adding eqs.(i), (ii), (iii) & (iv), we get 2[(ππ΄ + ππ΅ + ππΆ + ππ·)] > π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ 2[(ππ΄ + ππΆ) + (ππ΅ + ππ·)] > π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ 2(π΄πΆ + π΅π·) > π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ < (π΅π· + π΄πΆ)
Q.12) Show that in a quadrilateral π΄π΅πΆπ·, π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ > π΄πΆ + π΅π·.
Sol.12) Given, π΄π΅πΆπ· is a quadrilateral Construction Join diagonals π΄πΆ and π΅π· To show π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ > π΄πΆ + π΅π· In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ > π΄πΆ β¦ (i) In βπ΅πΆπ·, π΅πΆ + πΆπ· > π΅π· β¦ (ii) In βπΆπ·π΄, πΆπ· + π·π΄ > π΄πΆ β¦ (iii) In βπ·π΄π΅, π·π΄ + π΄π΅ > π΅π· β¦ (iv) On adding eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv), we get 2(π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄) > 2(π΄πΆ + π΅π·) π΄π΅ + π΅πΆ + πΆπ· + π·π΄ > π΄πΆ + π΅π·
Q.13) In a triangle π΄π΅πΆ, π· is the mid-point of side π΄πΆ such that π΅π· = Β½ π΄πΆ. Show that β π΄π΅πΆ is a right angle.
Sol.13) Given, In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π· is the mid point of π΄πΆ i.e., π΄π· = πΆπ· such that π΅π· =1
2π΄πΆ
To show β π΄π΅πΆ = 90Β°
Proof We have, π΅π· =1
2π΄πΆ β¦ (i)
Since, π· is the mid point of π΄πΆ
π΄π· = πΆπ· =1
2π΄πΆ β¦ (ii)
From eqs. (i) & (ii), we get π΄π· = πΆπ· = π΅π· In βπ·π΄π΅, π΄π· = π΅π· [proved above] β π΄π΅π· = β π΅π΄π· β¦ (iii) [angle opposite to equal side are equal] In βπ·π΅πΆ, π΅π· = πΆπ· [proved above] β π΅πΆπ· = β πΆπ΅π· β¦ (iv) [angle opposite to equal sides are equal]
In βπ΄π΅πΆ, β π΄π΅πΆ + β π΅π΄πΆ + β π΄πΆπ΅ = 180Β° [by angle sum property]
β π΄π΅πΆ + β π΅π΄π· + β π·πΆπ΅ = 180Β° β π΄π΅πΆ + β π΄π΅π· + β πΆπ΅π· = 180Β° [from eqs. (iii) & (iv)]
β π΄π΅πΆ + β π΄π΅πΆ = 180Β° 2β π΄π΅πΆ = 180Β° β π΄π΅πΆ = 90Β°
Q.14) In a right triangle, prove that the line-segment joining the mid-point of the hypotenuse to the opposite vertex is half the hypotenuse.
Sol.14) Given In βπ΄π΅πΆ, β π΅ = 90Β° and π· is the mid point of π΄πΆ Construction Produce π΅π· to πΈ such that π΅π· = π·πΈ and join πΈπΆ.
To prove π΅π· =1
2π΄πΆ
Proof In βπ΄π·π΅ and βπΆπ·πΈ, π΄π· = π·πΆ π΅π· = π·πΈ & β π΄π·π΅ = β πΆπ·πΈ βπ΄π·π΅ β βπΆπ·πΈ π΄π΅ = πΈπΆ
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& β π΅π΄π· = β π·πΆπΈ But β π΅π΄π· and β π·πΆπΈ are alternate angles. So, πΈπΆ parallel to π΄π΅ and π΅πΆ is a transversal.
β π΄π΅πΆ + β π΅πΆπΈ = 180Β° [cointerior angles]
90Β° + β π΅πΆπΈ = 180Β° [β π΄π΅πΆ = 90Β°, given]
β π΅πΆπΈ = 180Β° β 90Β° = 90Β° In βπ΄π΅πΆ and β πΈπΆπ΅, π΄π΅ = πΈπΆ [proved above] π΅πΆ = πΆπ΅ [common side]
& β π΄π΅πΆ = β πΈπΆπ΅ [each 90Β°] βπ΄π΅πΆ β βπΈπΆπ΅ [by SAS congruence rule] π΄πΆ = πΈπ΅ [by CPCT]
1
2πΈπ΅ =
1
2π΄πΆ [dividing both sides by 2]
π΅π· =1
2π΄πΆ
Hence proved.
Q.15) Two lines π and π intersect at the point π and π is a point on a line π passing through the point π such that π is equidistant from π and π. Prove that π is the bisector of the angle formed by π and π.
Sol.15) Given, Two lines π and π intersect at the point π and π is a point on a line π passing through the point π such that π is equidistant from π and π i.e., ππ = ππ To prove π is the bisector of the angle formed by π and π. Proof In βπππ and βππ π,
β πππ = β ππ π = 90Β° ππ = ππ [common side] ππ = ππ [given] βπππ β βππ π [by RHS congruence rule] β πππ = β πππ [by CPCT] Hence, π is the bisector of β πππ .
Q.16) Line segment joining the mid-points π and π of parallel sides π΄π΅ and π·πΆ, respectively of a trapezium π΄π΅πΆπ· is perpendicular to both the sides π΄π΅ and π·πΆ. Prove that π΄π· =π΅πΆ.
Sol.16) Given, In trapezium π΄π΅πΆπ·, points π and π are the mid points of parallel sides π΄π΅ and π·πΆ respectively and join ππ, which is perpendicular to π΄π΅ and π·πΆ. To prove π΄π· = π΅πΆProof Since, π is the mid point of π΄π΅ π΄π = ππ΅ Now, in βπ΄ππ and βπ΅ππ, π΄π = ππ΅ [proved above]
β 3 = β 4 [each 90Β°] ππ = ππ [common side] βπ΄ππ = βπ΅ππ [by SAS congruence rule] β 1 = β 2 [by CPCT]
On multiplying both sides of above equation by -1 & then adding 90Β° both sides, we get
90Β° β β 1 = 90Β° β β 2 β π΄ππ· = β π΅ππΆ β¦ (i) Now, βπ΄π·π and βπ΅πΆπ, β π΄ππ· = β π΅ππΆ from eq. (i) π΄π = π΅π [βπ΄ππ β βπ΅ππ] & π·π = ππΆ [π is the mid point of πΆπ· (given)]
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βπ΄π·π β βπ΅πΆπ [by SAS congruence rule] Hence, π΄π· = π΅πΆ [by CPCT]
Q.17) π΄π΅πΆπ· is a quadrilateral such that diagonal π΄πΆ bisects the angles π΄ and πΆ. Prove that π΄π΅ = π΄π· and πΆπ΅ = πΆπ·.
Sol.17) Given, In a quadrilateral π΄π΅πΆπ·,diagonal π΄πΆ bisects the angles A and C. To prove π΄π΅ = π΄π· and πΆπ΅ = πΆπ· Proof In βπ΄π·πΆ and βπ΄π΅πΆ, β π·π΄πΆ = β π΅π΄πΆ [AC is the bisector of β π΄ & β πΆ ] β π·πΆπ΄ = β π΅πΆπ΄ [π΄πΆ is the bisector of β π΄ and β πΆ] & π΄πΆ = π΄πΆ [common side] β΄ βπ΄π·πΆ β βπ΄π΅πΆ [by ASA congruence rule] π΄π· = π΄π΅ [by CPCT] & πΆπ· = πΆπ΅ [by CPCT] Hence proved.
Q.18) π΄π΅πΆ is a right triangle such that π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and bisector of angle C intersects the side π΄π΅ at π·. Prove that π΄πΆ + π΄π· = π΅πΆ.
Sol.18) Given, In right angled βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and πΆπ· is the bisector of β πΆ Construction Draw π·πΈ β₯ π΅πΆ To prove π΄πΆ + π΄π· = π΅πΆ Proof In right angled βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ and π΅πΆ is a hypotenuse [given]
β π΄ = 90Β° In βπ·π΄πΆ and βπ·πΈπΆ,
β π΄ = β 3 = 90Β° β 1 = β 2 [given] π·πΆ = π·πΆ [common side] βπ·π΄πΆ β βπ·πΈπΆ [by AAS congruence rule] π·π΄ = π·πΈ β¦ (i) [by CPCT] & π΄πΆ = πΈπΆ β¦ (ii) In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄πΆ β πΆ = β π΅ β¦ (iii) Again, In βπ΄π΅πΆ, β π΄ + β π΅ + β πΆ = 180 [by angle sum property]
90Β° + β π΅ + β π΅ = 180Β° from eq. (iii)
2β π΅ = 180Β° β 90Β° 2β π΅ = 90Β°
β π΅ =90Β°
2= 45Β°
In βπ΅πΈπ·, β 5 = 180Β° β (β π΅ + β 4) [by angle sum property]
= 180Β° β (45Β° + 90Β°)
= 180Β° β 135Β° = 45Β° β π΅ = β 5 π·πΈ = π΅πΈ [sides opposite to equal angles are equal] β¦ (iv) From eqs. (i) & (iv), we get π·π΄ = π·πΈ = π΅πΈ π΅πΆ = πΆπΈ + πΈπ΅ = πΆπ΄ + π·π΄ from eqs. (ii) & (v) π΄π· + π΄πΆ = π΅πΆ Hence proved.
Q.19) π΄π΅ and πΆπ· are the smallest and largest sides of a quadrilateral π΄π΅πΆπ·. Out of β B and β π· decide which is greater.
Sol.19) Given, In quadrilateral π΄π΅πΆπ·, π΄π΅ is the smallest and πΆπ· is the largest side To find β π΅ > β π· or β π· > β π΅
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Construction Join BD Now, in βπ΄π΅π·, π΄π· > π΄π΅ β 1 > β 3 β¦ (i) In βπ΅πΆπ·, πΆπ· > π΅πΆ β 2 > β 4 β¦ (ii) On adding eqs. (i) & (ii), we get β 1 + β 2 > β 3 + β 4 Hence, β π΅ > β π·
Q.20) Prove that in a triangle, other than an equilateral triangle, angle opposite the longest
side is greater than 2
3 of a right angle.
Sol.20) Consider βπ΄π΅πΆ in which π΅πΆ is the longest side.
To prove β π΄ =2
3 right angled
Proof In βπ΄π΅πΆ, π΅πΆ > π΄π΅ β π΄ > β πΆ β¦ (i) & π΅πΆ > π΄πΆ β π΄ > β π΅ β¦ (ii) On adding eqs. (i) & (ii), we get 2β π΄ > β π΅ + β πΆ 2β π΄ + β π΄ > β π΄ + β π΅ + β πΆ 3β π΄ > β π΄ + β π΅ + β πΆ 3β π΄ > 180Β°
β π΄ >2
3Γ 90Β°
i.e., β π΄ >2
3 of a right angled. Hence proved.
Q.21) π΄π΅πΆπ· is quadrilateral such that π΄π΅ = π΄π· and πΆπ΅ = πΆπ·. Prove that π΄πΆ is the perpendicular bisector of BD.
Sol.21) Given, In quadrilateral π΄π΅πΆπ·, π΄π΅ = π΄π· and πΆπ΅ = πΆπ·. Construction Join AC and BD. To prove AC is the perpendicular bisector of BD. Proof In βπ΄π΅πΆ and βπ΄π·πΆ, π΄π΅ = π΄π· [given] π΅πΆ = πΆπ· [given] & π΄πΆ = π΄πΆ [common side] βπ΄π΅πΆ β βπ΄π·πΆ [by SAS congruence rule] β 1 = β 2 [by CPCT] Now, In βπ΄ππ΅ and βπ΄ππ·, π΄π΅ = π΄π· [given] β 1 = β 2 [proved above] & π΄π = π΄π [common side] βπ΄ππ΅ β βπ΄ππ· [by SAS congruence rule] π΅π = π·π [by CPCT] & β 3 = β 4 [by CPCT]β¦ (i)
But β 3 + β 4 = 180Β° [linear pair axiom]
β 3 + β 3 = 180Β° [from eq. (i)]
2β 3 = 180Β°
β 3 =180Β°
2= 90Β°
i.e., π΄πΆ is the perpendicular bisector of π΅π·.
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