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How to Utilize Data to Advocate and Effectively Make Your Case Megan Bolton Research Director December 7, 2012
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How to Utilize Data to Advocate and Effectively Make Your Case
Megan BoltonResearch DirectorDecember 7, 2012
About NLIHC
Dedicated solely to achieving socially just public policy that assures people with the lowest incomes in the United States have affordable and decent homes.
www.nlihc.org
Presentation Outline
• Overview of available data sources• Census, American Community Survey,
CHAS, etc.
• How NLIHC uses data in advocacy• Out of Reach 2012• Housing Spotlight• Congressional District and State Housing
Profiles• National Housing Preservation Database
• NLIHC’s Research Team is here to help!
www.nlihc.org
Government Data Sources• Census Bureau
– Decennial Census– American Community Survey
• Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) Data
– American Housing Survey– Current Population Survey/Housing Vacancy Survey– Rental Housing Finance Survey (previously the Residential Finance Survey)
• HUD– Fair Market Rents– Income Limits– Picture of Subsidized Households/Resident Characteristics Report– Multifamily Data
• Other– Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) Data– Homeless Management Information System (HMIS)– Point in Time Data
www.nlihc.org
Decennial Census• U.S. Constitution mandates a count of every
American resident every ten years for apportionment of Congress. – First Census conducted in 1790
• Basic data for entire population collected via a “short form.”
• Until 2010, a detailed “long form” survey reached 1 in 6 households.
• All data (from short and long forms) available to the tract and block level.
• Limited housing detailwww.nlihc.org
American Community Survey (ACS)
• Created in 2000 to replace the Decennial Census “long form”
• Information collected annually, throughout the year
• Sample Size is approx. 3.5 million which equates to about 1 in every 40 households
• Type of Data Available:– Demographic (race, sex, age, etc.)
– Social (marital status, educational attainment, disability status, etc.)
– Economic (income, employment, health insurance coverage, etc.)
– Housing (next slide)
• PUMS Microdata Availablewww.nlihc.org
Housing Data in the ACS• Cost
– contract and gross rent; mortgage payments; specific utility payments; mobile home fees; homeowner association dues; ratio of housing costs to income.
• Quality– complete plumbing/kitchen facilities; year structure built;
# of people per room.• Unit/Property
– vacancy; value; bedrooms; # of units in structure.• Demographics
– tenure; income; family type; size; employment status, race and ethnicity.
• Some differences from long form and from year to year due to changes in questions and methods.
www.nlihc.org
ACS Multiyear Data
www.nlihc.org
>250,000 >65,000 >20,000>= Block
Group
2000 2001 1
2001 2002 1
2002 2003 1
2003 2004 1
2004 2005 1
2005 2006 1 1
2006 2007 1 1
2007 2008 1, 3 1, 3 3
2008 2009 1, 3 1, 3 3
2009 2010 1, 3, 5 1, 3, 5 3, 5 5
2010 2011 1, 3, 5 1, 3, 5 3, 5 5
2011 2012 1, 3, 5 1, 3, 5 3, 5 5
Data Year
Release
Year
Areas with Population…
1 = 1 year estimate; 3 and 5 are averages based on that many years of data collection
www.nlihc.org
How to Use The ACS to Show Need
CHAS Data• Previously based on Census data, now based on the
3- and 5- year ACS.• Special tabulation for HUD on housing problems that
includes HUD Income Limits.• Allows for analysis down to county and place level
with 3-year datasets and down to the census tract level with 5-year datasets (which was released in January 2012).
• Currently 18 different tables that show a variety of crosstabs.
• Primarily used by local governments for Consolidated Plans.
• HUD released a new mapping and reporting tool called CPD Maps at http://egis.hud.gov/cpdmaps/
www.nlihc.org
www.nlihc.org
Using County Level CHAS Data
Advantages and Challenges of the ACS
• Advantages– Provides more recent local data– Provides continuous information– Allows us to better track local, state and federal
policy changes
• Disadvantages– Never get a good snapshot of the country at the
lowest levels of geography (margins of error get quite large in areas with small populations)
– Unclear how to interpret multiyear data in some cases
– There is always new data to analyze
www.nlihc.org
Where to Find the Data
• Census and American Community Survey: www.factfinder2.gov
• Easy Stats (new): http://www.census.gov/easystats/
• CHAS: www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/cp.html
• CPD Maps: http://egis.hud.gov/cpdmaps/• American Housing Survey:
www.census.gov/housing/ahs/• Fair Market Rents:
www.huduser.org/datasets/fmr.html• Income Limits:
http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/il.htmlwww.nlihc.org
Use of Data by NLIHC: Out of Reach
• Out of Reach is an annual publication that compares the cost of rental housing (using Fair Market Rents) to wages among renters in the United States (using BLS and minimum wage data).
• Out of Reach addresses two fundamental questions:1. How much will a renter need to earn to afford a modest
apartment? (aka: The Housing Wage)2. At the current wage levels in my community, will a full
time job allow me to pay for a modest apartment?
• Data for every state, metropolitan area, combined nonmetropolitan area and county are available at www.nlihc.org/oor
www.nlihc.org
www.nlihc.org
Use of Data by NLIHC: Congressional District Housing Profiles
• The Congressional District Housing Profiles (CDHPs) prepare NLIHC members and others for informed, data-driven housing advocacy. Data are pulled from the ACS, Out of Reach and CHAS.
• Each CDHP has three sections:• Congressional District Level – The # and % of renters with
severe housing cost burden by income; the shortage of affordable units
• State Level – The # and % of renters with severe housing cost burden; the shortage of affordable units
• Regional Level– Out of Reach data for FMR areas partially or wholly included in the Congressional District
• Congressional District Profiles can be found at www.nlihc.org/library/CDP
www.nlihc.org
Use of Data by NLIHC: State Housing Profiles
• The State Housing Profiles (SHPs) are a new resource from NLIHC that prepare NLIHC members and others for informed, data-driven housing advocacy at the state level. Data are pulled from the ACS, Out of Reach and CHAS.
• Each SHP has three sections:• County Map– Showing the # of affordable and available units
per 100 ELI renter households by county.• Graphs – One showing % of renters with severe housing cost
burden and one showing the # of affordable and available units per 100 renter households in the state.
• Key Facts – Some important facts about renter households in the state; the state housing wage.
• State Housing Profiles can be found at www.nlihc.org/library/SHP
www.nlihc.org
Use of Data by NLIHC: National Housing Preservation Database
• On November 29, NLIHC and PAHRC launched a new website: www.preservationdatabase.org. – This is an address-level inventory of all federally-assisted
rental housing in the country. – It includes HUD and USDA Rural Development Housing, as well
as LIHTC properties.
• There are 3 tools on the website:• Preservation Tool– Allows you to filter by property
name, subsidy type, location, time to expiration date, etc.
• Research Tool – Allows you to download the entire dataset for analysis.
• Mapping Tool– Shows you the location of all housing listed in the database.
www.nlihc.org
The NLIHC Research Team and You!
Follow us on Twitter @nlihc and Facebook and read our blog, On the Home Front (www.nlihc.wordpress.com) for updates
on our work!
Become a member! One benefit of being an NLIHC member includes receiving customized research reports
www.nlihc.org/membership
Contact UsMegan Bolton, Research Director
[email protected] ext. 245
Elina Bravve, Research [email protected]
202-662-1530 ext. 244
www.nlihc.org
