B/A 9/2

1. Explain the role of the church in the 4th century.

2. Explain the manorial system.

Middle Agesand the Beginning of Germanic

KingdomsSSWH7

The student will analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society and economics.

Describe the political impact of Christianity’ include Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV

Gregory I

590: Pope of Roman Catholic Church

Made Church secular Secular: subjects not related to religion

Gives church political power

Gregory I continued

2 ways church becomes secular:

1. Involves Church in politics

2. Uses Church’s money to repair roads, raise armies, help the poor, negotiate peace treaties

Charlemagne

Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire

Carolingian Empire: rules Franks 751-987 rules from 771-814

Charlemagne is French for Charles the Great

Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire continued

Rules after brother’s death

800 – Pope Leo III declares Charlemagne “Roman Emperor”. This solidified the idea of The Church, a

Germanic kingdom, & Roman culture and ideas as one thing.

Charlemagne’s 5 Accomplishments

1. Spreads Christianity

2. Reunites Western Europe for the 1st time since the Roman Empire

3. Strengthens royal power Limits noble’s authority

4. Encourages learning by Surrounds himself with English, Spanish, German

and Italian learners Opens a palace school

5. Orders monasteries to open schools Train future monks and priests

Charlemagne video

Charlemagne’s Death

3 grandsons fight for the throne

Leads to Treaty of Verdun Treaty of Verdun: divides Carolingian Empire into3 kingdoms

Lothair: becomes Holy Roman Emperor

Receives area of Italy, Low Countries, etc.

Charles the Bald: France Louis the German: Germany

Impact of Treaty of Verdun

Carolingian kings lose power

Central authority breaks down

Leads to feudalism

SSWH4 The student will analyze the importance of the Byzantine and Mongol empires between 450 CE and 1500 CE.

d. Analyze the spread of the Mongol Empire; include the role of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan in developing the

empire, the impact of the Mongols on Russia, China and the West, the

development of trade , and European observations through the writings of

Marco Polo.

Mongols Nomads of the Asian steppe

Steppe= vast belt of dry grassland Always on the move

Prided themselves on: Skill on horseback Discipline Ruthlessness Courage in battle

For centuries, the Mongol people roamed in loosely organized clans

Genghis Khan

Mongol clan leader

United the Mongols into a force with the purpose of conquest

1206- accepted the title Genghis Khan (universal ruler) of the Mongol clans

Genghis Khan cont.

Over next 21 years, Genghis led the Mongols in conquering much of Asia

First goal was China then turned his attention to Islamic region to the west

By 1225, Central Asia was under Mongol control

Genghis Khan cont.

Characteristics for Genghis Khan’s success Brilliant organizer

Organized his warriors Gifted strategist

Confused his enemies Used cruelty as a weapon

Believed in terrifying his enemies into surrender

Ex- city refuse to open gates to him, he might kill the entire population when he finally captured it

Genghis Khan cont.

Genghis Khan died in 1227 Successors continued to expand his

empire

In less than 50 years, Mongols conquered territory from China to Poland Created largest unified land empire in

history

Kublai Khan

grandson of Genghis Khan

1260- assumed title Great Khan

Wanted to extend power and range of his khanate Fulfill goal of Genghis and conquer all of

China

Mongol Rule in China

1279- Kublai Khan’s armies finally overwhelmed Chinese Foreigner ruled over entire country

Created Yuan Dynasty United China Opened China to greater foreign

contacts and trade Tolerated Chinese culture and made

few changes to system of government

Foreign Trade

Increased under Mongols Kublai Khan Chinese silk and porcelain= greatly

valued in Europe and Western Asia Also printing, gunpowder, compass,

paper currency, playing cards Invited foreign merchants to visit

China Muslims from India, Central Asia, and

Persia and many European Traders

Marco Polo Most famous European to visit China

during these years Young Venetian trader

Traveled by caravan on the Silk Roads Arrived in Kublai Khan’s court around

1275 Sent to various cities on government

missions Served Kublai for 17 years 1292- left China and made journey back to

Venice

Captured and imprisoned and while in prison, told the full story of his travels and adventures China’s fabulous cities and fantastic

wealth, Burning black stones (coal), Workings of the government and aspects of Chinese life

Sparked surge in interest in the Far East among Europeans that led to a great age of exploration

BA 9/2

1. What is a trial by ordeal?

2. What were 4 ways Christianity spread?

3. Define monastery. Why were they created?

4. What 2 ways did Pope Gregory I make the Church more secular?

EA

What were 3 characteristics of Middle Ages?

Where did the Franks live?

Who was the leader of the Frankish kingdom?